Relationship between vitamin C and plasma concentrations of testosterone in female rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Dabrowski ◽  
R. E. Ciereszko ◽  
J. H. Blom ◽  
J. S. Ottobre
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Effect of Dietary Ascorbate on the Concentration of Tissue Ascorbic Acid, Dehydroascorbic Acid, Ascorbic Sulfate, and Activity of Ascorbic Sulfate Sulfohydrolase in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1518-1525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Dabrowski ◽  
Reinhard Lackner ◽  
Cristine Doblander
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Dehydroascorbic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Kidney Liver

The concentrations of ascorbic acid in several tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are significantly influenced by various dietary treatments. Ascorbic acid was taken up readily by erythrocytes, kidney, liver, intestine, spleen, and brain in fish fed an ascorbate supplemented diet (AA group), the concentration being from 1.5 to 14.8-fold higher than in fish fed a diet lacking ascorbate (control group). In fish fed a diet supplemented with an equimolar amount of ascorbic acid in the form of ascorbic sulfate (AS group) the ascorbic acid concentrations in kidney, intestine, and erythrocytes were significantly elevated above those of the control group. Ascorbic sulfate was found in kidney, liver, and intestine of the AS group, but not in other groups. In fish fed a diet devoid of vitamin C the ascorbic acid concentrations in kidney, liver, intestine, and spleen were signficantly lower than in fasting fish over the same period of time (28 d), suggesting a high demand for vitamin C in an actively feeding animal. Salmonid fish are therefore probably unable to utilize ascorbic sulfate sufficiently to prevent the appearance of vitamin C deficiency, and thus resemble scurvy-prone mammals in this respect.

Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Oxolinic Acid in Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1205-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Kleinow ◽  
Herman H. Jarboe ◽  
Kathy E. Shoemaker ◽  
Kevin J. Greenless
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Oxolinic Acid ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Elimination Half

The pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and disposition of oxolinic acid (OA), a quinolone antibacterial drug, were examined in a warmwater (channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)) and coldwater fish species (rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)). Studies were performed at 24 and 14 °C for catfish and at 14 °C for trout to compare temperature- and species-related differences. Analysis of OA pharmacokinetics when determined by HPLC provided elimination half-life [Formula: see text], volume of distribution (Vss), and clearance (Clb) estimates for 24 °C catfish, 14 °C catfish, and 14 °C trout of 40.9, 69.3, and 81.3 h, 939, 880, and 1817 mL/kg, and 16.3, 8.9, and 16.9 mL∙kg∙h−1, respectively. Following oral administration, OA plasma concentrations peaked between 8 and 24 h for all treatments; however, 14 °C trout and 14 °C catfish sustained peak concentrations for a longer duration than 24 °C catfish. Oral OA bioavailabilities were 56.0, 91.8, and 90.7% for 24 °C catfish, 14 °C catfish, and 14 °C trout, respectively. OA distribution data for muscle of 14 °C catfish demonstrated an inordinately high peak concentration and delayed time to peak relative to other treatments. Elimination half-lives of OA in muscle were 33.1, 54.3, and 141 h for 24 °C catfish, 14 °C catfish, and 14 °C trout, respectively.

Immunomodulation by dietary vitamin C and glucan in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 409-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
VIVIANE VERLHAC ◽  
ALEX OBACH ◽  
JACQUES GABAUDAN ◽  
WILLY SCHÜEP ◽  
REID HOLE
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Effects of stress on plasma homeostasis, endolymph chemistry, and check formation during otolith growth in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1247-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Payan ◽  
H De Pontual ◽  
A Edeyer ◽  
G Borelli ◽  
G Boeuf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Growth Stress ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
External Stress ◽  
Otolith Growth ◽  
Ph Variation ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Different Levels

This is the first study in which the effects of an external stress were analysed at different levels: plasma ho meostasis, endolymph chemistry, and otolith growth. Stress was applied to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by exposure to Cl2 gas. In the plasma of Cl2-stressed trout, Na+ and Cl– decreased (70 mmol·L–1) and K+ increased (2.0 mmol·L–1), whereas total Ca was unchanged. A slight hypercapny (+2.4 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa)) was observed related to a significant rise (40%) in total CO2 without pH variation. In the endolymph, Na+ and Cl– also decreased, whereas other parameters (K+, PO43–, Mg, and, peculiarly, total Ca) remained stable. The important effect provoked by Cl2 stress in endolymph was an increase of proteins (factor of 2.6) and total CO2 (factor of 3.1) concentrations at the proximal side of the endolymph. The stress induced a decrease in otolith growth rate and produced a discontinuity (check) in the microstructure pattern of the otolith characterized by a large D zone. The variations in the endolymph composition are discussed and we propose that they result not only from changes in plasma concentrations, but also from changes (organic and crystallization) in otolith deposition.

Protective effects of calcium against the physiological effects of exposure to a combination of cadmium and copper in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 1035-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff G Richards ◽  
Richard C Playle
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Tension ◽  
Soft Water ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

We report that an elevated aqueous calcium (Ca) concentration protects against acute respiratory and osmoregulatory action due to exposure to a combination of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), but does not protect against longer term ionoregulatory disruption. Trout exposed to 0.18 µM Cd and 0.80 µM Cu in soft water (40 µM Ca, 440 µM Na, pH 6.6) experienced a 60-torr decrease in arterial oxygen tension, a 5.5 mM increase in blood lactate concentration, and severe haemoconcentration as indicated by a 1.4-fold decrease in mean cell haemoglobin concentration, all of which occurred within 24 h. The addition of Ca to soft water (to reach 910 µM Ca, added as CaCl2; 430 µM Na, pH 6.8) eliminated these severe effects and slowed Cd uptake by the gills, plasma, and liver of trout, probably through competition for binding at gill Ca channels, but Ca did not affect Cu uptake by the gills or its entry into the plasma. Associated with slower Cd accumulation and unchanged Cu accumulation in the plasma were slow decreases in plasma concentrations of Na, Cl, and Ca, which were prevented initially by adding Ca to the water. Modelling using a modified aqueous chemistry computer program, MINEQL+, and previously published gill binding constants accurately simulated the initial (18 h) accumulation of Cd and Cu by trout gills and thus predicted acute toxicity, but our model did not adequately simulate the physiological mechanisms of Cd accumulation by trout gills over longer exposures up to 130 h.

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