scholarly journals A Novel Role of Sphingosine Kinase 1 in the de novo Biosynthesis of Dihydrosphingosine‐1‐Phosphate in Mammalian Cells.

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Berdyshev ◽  
I. Gorshkova ◽  
P. Usatyuk ◽  
Y. Zhao ◽  
B. Saatian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Sphingosine Kinase ◽  
Sphingosine Kinase 1 ◽  
De Novo Biosynthesis

9 A NOVEL ROLE OF SPHINGOSINE KINASE 1 IN THE DE NOVO BIOSYNTHESIS OF DIHYDROSPHINGOSINE-1-PHOSPHATE IN MAMMALIAN CELLS.

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. S345.3-S345
Author(s):  
E. Berdyshev ◽  
I. Gorshkova ◽  
P. Usatyuk ◽  
Y. Zhao ◽  
B. Saatian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Sphingosine Kinase ◽  
Sphingosine Kinase 1 ◽  
De Novo Biosynthesis

De novo biosynthesis of dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate by sphingosine kinase 1 in mammalian cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1779-1792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny V. Berdyshev ◽  
Irina A. Gorshkova ◽  
Peter Usatyuk ◽  
Yutong Zhao ◽  
Bahman Saatian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Sphingosine Kinase ◽  
Sphingosine Kinase 1 ◽  
De Novo Biosynthesis

scholarly journals A Narrative Review on the Role of AMPK on De Novo Lipogenesis in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Evidence from Human Studies

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1822
Author(s):  
Christian von Loeffelholz ◽  
Sina M. Coldewey ◽  
Andreas L. Birkenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

5′AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known as metabolic sensor in mammalian cells that becomes activated by an increasing adenosine monophosphate (AMP)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio. The heterotrimeric AMPK protein comprises three subunits, each of which has multiple phosphorylation sites, playing an important role in the regulation of essential molecular pathways. By phosphorylation of downstream proteins and modulation of gene transcription AMPK functions as a master switch of energy homeostasis in tissues with high metabolic turnover, such as the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Regulation of AMPK under conditions of chronic caloric oversupply emerged as substantial research target to get deeper insight into the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Evidence supporting the role of AMPK in NAFLD is mainly derived from preclinical cell culture and animal studies. Dysbalanced de novo lipogenesis has been identified as one of the key processes in NAFLD pathogenesis. Thus, the scope of this review is to provide an integrative overview of evidence, in particular from clinical studies and human samples, on the role of AMPK in the regulation of primarily de novo lipogenesis in human NAFLD.

Islet Co-Expression of CD133 and ABCB5 in Human Retinoblastoma Specimens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Zschoche ◽  
Sergej Skosyrski ◽  
Neele Babst ◽  
Mahdy Ranjbar ◽  
Felix Rommel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Sphingosine Kinase ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Sphingosine Kinase 1 ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Sphingosine Kinase 2 ◽  
Human Retinoblastoma

Abstract Background The role of CD133 und ABCB5 is discussed in treatment resistance in several types of cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether CD133+/ABCB5+ colocalization differs in untreated, in beam radiation treated, and in chemotherapy treated retinoblastoma specimens. Additionally, CD133, ABCB5, sphingosine kinase 1, and sphingosine kinase 2 gene expression was analyzed in WERI-RB1 (WERI RB1) and etoposide-resistant WERI RB1 subclones (WERI ETOR). Methods Active human untreated retinoblastoma specimens (n = 12), active human retinoblastoma specimens pretreated with beam radiation before enucleation (n = 8), and active human retinoblastoma specimens pretreated with chemotherapy before enucleation (n = 7) were investigated for localization and expression of CD133 and ABCB5 by immunohistochemistry. Only specimens with IIRC D, but not E, were included in this study. Furthermore, WERI RB1 and WERI ETOR cell lines were analyzed for CD133, ABCB5, sphingosine kinase 1, and sphingosine kinase 2 by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the same amount of CD133+/ABCB5+ colocalization islets in untreated and treated human retinoblastoma specimens. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed a statistically significant upregulation of CD133 in WERI ETOR (p = 0.002). No ABCB5 expression was detected in WERI RB1 and WERI ETOR. On the other hand, SPHK1 (p = 0.0027) and SPHK2 (p = 0.017) showed significant downregulation in WERI ETOR compared to WERI RB1. Conclusions CD133+/ABCB5+ co-localization islets were noted in untreated and treated human retinoblastoma specimens. Therefore, we assume that CD133+/ABCB5+ islets might play a role in retinoblastoma genesis, but not in retinoblastoma treatment resistance.

scholarly journals Role of de novo biosynthesis in ecosystem scale monoterpene emissions from a boreal Scots pine forest

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2247-2255 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Taipale ◽  
M. K. Kajos ◽  
J. Patokoski ◽  
P. Rantala ◽  
T. M. Ruuskanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Proton Transfer Reaction ◽  
Eddy Covariance Method ◽  
De Novo Biosynthesis ◽  
Monoterpene Biosynthesis ◽  
Monthly Changes ◽  
Scots Pine Forest ◽  
Storage Pools

Abstract. Monoterpene emissions from Scots pine have traditionally been assumed to originate as evaporation from specialized storage pools. More recently, the significance of de novo emissions, originating directly from monoterpene biosynthesis, has been recognized. To study the role of biosynthesis at the ecosystem scale, we measured monoterpene emissions from a Scots pine dominated forest in southern Finland using the disjunct eddy covariance method combined with proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry. The interpretation of the measurements was based on a correlation analysis and a hybrid emission algorithm describing both de novo and pool emissions. During the measurement period May–August 2007, the monthly medians of daytime emissions were 200, 290, 180, and 200 μg m−2 h−1. The emissions were partly light dependent, probably due to de novo biosynthesis. The emission potential for both de novo and pool emissions exhibited a decreasing summertime trend. The ratio of the de novo emission potential to the total emission potential varied between 30 % and 46 %. Although the monthly changes were not significant, the ratio always differed statistically from zero, suggesting that the role of de novo biosynthesis was observable. Given the uncertainties in this study, we conclude that more accurate estimates of the contribution of de novo emissions are required for improving monoterpene emission algorithms for Scots pine dominated forests.

Regulation Of The Fatty Acid Composition Of Platelet Phospholipids

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
M L McKean ◽  
J B Smith ◽  
M J Silver
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
De Novo Biosynthesis ◽  
Coa Transferase

The fatty acid composition of cell membrane phospholipids does not remain constant after de novo biosynthesis, but undergoes continual remodelling. One of the major routes for remodelling probably includes the deacylation-reacylation steps of the Lands Pathway. This has been shown to be important for the incorporation of long chain, polyunsaturated fatty acids into phospholipids by liver and brain. An understanding of the mechanisms involved in these processes in platelets is especially important in light of the large stores of arachidonic acid (AA) in platelet phospholipids and the role of AA in hemostasis and thrombosis. Previous results from this laboratory have shown that the turnover of radioactive AA, 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic and 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acids in the phospholipids of resting platelets is more rapid than the turnover of radioactive C16 and C18 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. However, little is known about how fatty acids, especially AA and its homologues, are incorporated into platelet phospholipids during de novo biosynthesis or how they are exchanged during remodelling.At least three enzymes are involved in the deacylation- reacylation of phospholipids: phospholipase A2; acyl CoA synthetase; and acyl CoA transferase. We have studied acyl CoA transferase and have found considerable activity in human platelet membranes. Experiments are in progress to determine the substrate specificity and other properties of this enzyme.

scholarly journals Detrimental role of sphingosine kinase 1 in kidney damage in DOCA-salt hypertensive model: evidence from knockout mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingqing Lyu ◽  
Weili Wang ◽  
Xin-Ying Ji ◽  
Joseph K. Ritter ◽  
Ningjun Li
Keyword(s):  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Sphingosine Kinase ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Sphingosine Kinase 1 ◽  
Model Evidence

scholarly journals Role of sphingosine kinase 1 and sphingosine‐1‐phosphate in CD40 signaling and IgE class switching

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 4347-4358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Y. Kim ◽  
Jamie L. Sturgill ◽  
Nitai C. Hait ◽  
Dorit Avni ◽  
Evelyn C. Valencia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sphingosine Kinase ◽  
Sphingosine Kinase 1 ◽  
Class Switching ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate

scholarly journals Role of sphingosine kinase‐1 in paracrine/transcellular angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in vitro

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 2727-2738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Anelli ◽  
Christopher R. Gault ◽  
Ashley J. Snider ◽  
Lina M. Obeid
Keyword(s):  
Sphingosine Kinase ◽  
Sphingosine Kinase 1

scholarly journals Role of Sphingosine Kinase 1 and S1P Transporter Spns2 in HGF-mediated Lamellipodia Formation in Lung Endothelium

2016 ◽  
Vol 291 (53) ◽  
pp. 27187-27203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panfeng Fu ◽  
David L. Ebenezer ◽  
Evgeny V. Berdyshev ◽  
Irina A. Bronova ◽  
Mark Shaaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sphingosine Kinase ◽  
Sphingosine Kinase 1 ◽  
Lung Endothelium ◽  
Lamellipodia Formation
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