scholarly journals Defining the role of Notch3 in smooth muscle differentiation and blood vessel formation

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Liu ◽  
Brenda Lilly
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Muscle Differentiation ◽  
Blood Vessel Formation ◽  
Vessel Formation ◽  
Smooth Muscle Differentiation

scholarly journals Emerging Role of AP-1 Transcription Factor JunB in Angiogenesis and Vascular Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2804
Author(s):  
Yasuo Yoshitomi ◽  
Takayuki Ikeda ◽  
Hidehito Saito-Takatsuji ◽  
Hideto Yonekura
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vascular Development ◽  
Endothelial Cell Migration ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Blood Vessel Formation ◽  
Vessel Formation

Blood vessels are essential for the formation and maintenance of almost all functional tissues. They play fundamental roles in the supply of oxygen and nutrition, as well as development and morphogenesis. Vascular endothelial cells are the main factor in blood vessel formation. Recently, research findings showed heterogeneity in vascular endothelial cells in different tissue/organs. Endothelial cells alter their gene expressions depending on their cell fate or angiogenic states of vascular development in normal and pathological processes. Studies on gene regulation in endothelial cells demonstrated that the activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factors are implicated in angiogenesis and vascular development. In particular, it has been revealed that JunB (a member of the AP-1 transcription factor family) is transiently induced in endothelial cells at the angiogenic frontier and controls them on tip cells specification during vascular development. Moreover, JunB plays a role in tissue-specific vascular maturation processes during neurovascular interaction in mouse embryonic skin and retina vasculatures. Thus, JunB appears to be a new angiogenic factor that induces endothelial cell migration and sprouting particularly in neurovascular interaction during vascular development. In this review, we discuss the recently identified role of JunB in endothelial cells and blood vessel formation.

scholarly journals Role of retinal pigment epithelium-derived exosomes and autophagy in new blood vessel formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5244-5256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Atienzar-Aroca ◽  
Gemma Serrano-Heras ◽  
Aida Freire Valls ◽  
Carmen Ruiz de Almodovar ◽  
Maria Muriach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Blood Vessel Formation ◽  
Vessel Formation

Role of EGFL7 during blood vessel formation and remodelling

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. e126-e127
Author(s):  
Maike Schmidt ◽  
Tanya Smyczek ◽  
Weilan Ye
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Blood Vessel Formation ◽  
Vessel Formation

scholarly journals Regulation of EPCs: The Gateway to Blood Vessel Formation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate A. Parham ◽  
Stuart M. Pitson ◽  
Claudine S. Bonder
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Cellular Phenotype ◽  
Blood Vessel Formation ◽  
Vessel Formation ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
And Function ◽  
Endothelial Precursors

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are primitive endothelial precursors which are known to functionally contribute to the pathogenesis of disease. To date a number of distinct subtypes of these cells have been described, with differing maturation status, cellular phenotype, and function. Although there is much debate on which subtype constitutes the true EPC population, all subtypes have endothelial characteristics and contribute to neovascularisation. Vasculogenesis, the process by which EPCs contribute to blood vessel formation, can be dysregulated in disease with overabundant vasculogenesis in the context of solid tumours, leading to tumour growth and metastasis, and conversely insufficient vasculogenesis can be present in an ischemic environment. Importantly, it is widely known that transcription factors tightly regulate cellular phenotype and function by controlling the expression of particular target genes and in turn regulating specific signalling pathways. This suggests that transcriptional regulators may be potential therapeutic targets to control EPC function. Herein, we discuss the observed EPC subtypes described in the literature and review recent studies describing the role of a number of transcriptional families in the regulation of EPC phenotype and function in normal and pathological conditions.

scholarly journals Prmt5 promotes vascular morphogenesis independently of its methyltransferase activity

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. e1009641
Author(s):  
Aurélie Quillien ◽  
Guerric Gilbert ◽  
Manon Boulet ◽  
Séverine Ethuin ◽  
Lucas Waltzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Methyltransferase Activity ◽  
Methyl Transferase ◽  
Blood Vessel Formation ◽  
Vessel Formation ◽  
Vascular Morphogenesis

During development, the vertebrate vasculature undergoes major growth and remodeling. While the transcriptional cascade underlying blood vessel formation starts to be better characterized, little is known concerning the role and mode of action of epigenetic enzymes during this process. Here, we explored the role of the Protein Arginine Methyl Transferase Prmt5 in blood vessel formation as well as hematopoiesis using zebrafish as a model system. Through the combination of different prmt5 loss-of-function approaches we highlighted a key role of Prmt5 in both processes. Notably, we showed that Prmt5 promotes vascular morphogenesis through the transcriptional control of ETS transcription factors and adhesion proteins in endothelial cells. Interestingly, using a catalytic dead mutant of Prmt5 and a specific drug inhibitor, we found that while Prmt5 methyltransferase activity was required for blood cell formation, it was dispensable for vessel formation. Analyses of chromatin architecture impact on reporter genes expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments led us to propose that Prmt5 regulates transcription by acting as a scaffold protein that facilitates chromatin looping to promote vascular morphogenesis.

Embryonic mesenchymal cells share the potential for smooth muscle differentiation: myogenesis is controlled by the cell's shape

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (13) ◽  
pp. 3027-3033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yang ◽  
N.K. Relan ◽  
D.A. Przywara ◽  
L. Schuger
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Mesenchymal Cell ◽  
Muscle Differentiation ◽  
Mesenchymal Cells ◽  
Membrane Potentials ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Visceral Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Differentiation

Undifferentiated embryonic mesenchymal cells are round/cuboidal in shape. During development, visceral myogenesis is shortly preceded by mesenchymal cell elongation. To determine the role of the cell's shape on smooth muscle development, undifferentiated embryonic mesenchymal cells from intestine (abundant visceral muscle), lung (some visceral muscle) or kidney (no visceral muscle) were plated under conditions that maintained cell rounding or promoted elongation. Regardless of their fate in vivo, all the cells differentiated into smooth muscle upon elongation as indicated by the expression of smooth muscle-specific proteins and the development of membrane potentials of −60 mV and voltage-dependent Ca2+ currents, characteristic of excitable cells. Smooth muscle differentiation occurred within 24 hours and was independent of cell proliferation. Regardless of their fate in vivo, all the round cells remained negative for smooth muscle markers, had membrane potentials of −30 mV and showed no voltage-activated current. These cells, however, differentiated into smooth muscle upon elongation. The role of the cell's shape in controlling smooth muscle differentiation was not overcome by treatment with retinoic acid, TGF-beta1, PDGF BB or epithelial-conditioned medium (all modulators of smooth muscle differentiation). These studies suggest that the mesenchymal cell shape plays a main role in visceral myogenesis.

scholarly journals The role of pericytes in blood-vessel formation and maintenance

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Bergers ◽  
Steven Song
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Blood Vessel Formation ◽  
Vessel Formation
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