scholarly journals A fitness cost for thermal tolerance in a marine copepod: Implication on biological effects of global warming

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Mei Yee Leung
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Fitness Cost ◽  
Marine Copepod

scholarly journals Intraspecific variation in thermal tolerance differs between tropical and temperate fishes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. H. Nati ◽  
M. B. S. Svendsen ◽  
S. Marras ◽  
S. S. Killen ◽  
J. F. Steffensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Temperate Species ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Upper Thermal Tolerance

AbstractHow ectothermic animals will cope with global warming is a critical determinant of the ecological impacts of climate change. There has been extensive study of upper thermal tolerance limits among fish species but how intraspecific variation in tolerance may be affected by habitat characteristics and evolutionary history has not been considered. Intraspecific variation is a primary determinant of species vulnerability to climate change, with implications for global patterns of impacts of ongoing warming. Using published critical thermal maximum (CTmax) data on 203 fish species, we found that intraspecific variation in upper thermal tolerance varies according to a species’ latitude and evolutionary history. Overall, tropical species show a lower intraspecific variation in thermal tolerance than temperate species. Notably, freshwater tropical species have a lower variation in tolerance than freshwater temperate species, which implies increased vulnerability to impacts of thermal stress. The extent of variation in CTmax among fish species has a strong phylogenetic signal, which may indicate a constraint on evolvability to rising temperatures in tropical fishes. That is, in addition to living closer to their upper thermal limits, tropical species may have higher sensitivity and lower adaptability to global warming compared to temperate counterparts. This is evidence that freshwater tropical fish communities, worldwide, are especially vulnerable to ongoing climate change.

scholarly journals Plasticity in thermal tolerance has limited potential to buffer ectotherms from global warming

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1808) ◽  
pp. 20150401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex R. Gunderson ◽  
Jonathon H. Stillman
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Behavioural Plasticity ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Behavioural Thermoregulation ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Taxonomic Patterns

Global warming is increasing the overheating risk for many organisms, though the potential for plasticity in thermal tolerance to mitigate this risk is largely unknown. In part, this shortcoming stems from a lack of knowledge about global and taxonomic patterns of variation in tolerance plasticity. To address this critical issue, we test leading hypotheses for broad-scale variation in ectotherm tolerance plasticity using a dataset that includes vertebrate and invertebrate taxa from terrestrial, freshwater and marine habitats. Contrary to expectation, plasticity in heat tolerance was unrelated to latitude or thermal seasonality. However, plasticity in cold tolerance is associated with thermal seasonality in some habitat types. In addition, aquatic taxa have approximately twice the plasticity of terrestrial taxa. Based on the observed patterns of variation in tolerance plasticity, we propose that limited potential for behavioural plasticity (i.e. behavioural thermoregulation) favours the evolution of greater plasticity in physiological traits, consistent with the ‘Bogert effect’. Finally, we find that all ectotherms have relatively low acclimation in thermal tolerance and demonstrate that overheating risk will be minimally reduced by acclimation in even the most plastic groups. Our analysis indicates that behavioural and evolutionary mechanisms will be critical in allowing ectotherms to buffer themselves from extreme temperatures.

scholarly journals Adaptation to simultaneous warming and acidification carries a thermal tolerance cost in a marine copepod

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 20210071
Author(s):  
James A. deMayo ◽  
Amanda Girod ◽  
Matthew C. Sasaki ◽  
Hans G. Dam
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Acartia Tonsa ◽  
Evolutionary Adaptation ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Marine Copepod ◽  
Developmental Conditions ◽  
Tolerance Cost ◽  
Future Population ◽  
Population Resilience

The ocean is undergoing warming and acidification. Thermal tolerance is affected both by evolutionary adaptation and developmental plasticity. Yet, thermal tolerance in animals adapted to simultaneous warming and acidification is unknown. We experimentally evolved the ubiquitous copepod Acartia tonsa to future combined ocean warming and acidification conditions (OWA approx. 22°C, 2000 µatm CO 2 ) and then compared its thermal tolerance relative to ambient conditions (AM approx. 18°C, 400 µatm CO 2 ). The OWA and AM treatments were reciprocally transplanted after 65 generations to assess effects of developmental conditions on thermal tolerance and potential costs of adaptation. Treatments transplanted from OWA to AM conditions were assessed at the F1 and F9 generations following transplant. Adaptation to warming and acidification, paradoxically, reduces both thermal tolerance and phenotypic plasticity. These costs of adaptation to combined warming and acidification may limit future population resilience.

Implications of climate change for parasitism of animals in the aquatic environment

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 1331-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Marcogliese
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Weather Extremes ◽  
Animal Populations

Climate change can occur over evolutionary and ecological time scales as a result of natural and anthropogenic causes. Considerable attention has been focused in recent years on the biological consequences of global warming. However, aside from studies on those deleterious parasites that cause disease in man, little effort has been dedicated to understanding the potential changes in the parasite fauna of animal populations, especially those in aquatic systems. Predictions using General Circulation Models, among others, are examined in terms of their consequences for parasite populations in freshwater and marine ecosystems, concentrating on the temperate and boreal regions of eastern North America. Biological effects due to global warming are not predictable simply in terms of temperature response. It is also essential to explore the effects on aquatic parasites of alterations in host distribution, water levels, eutrophication, stratification, ice cover, acidification, oceanic currents, ultraviolet-light penetration, weather extremes, and human interference. Evaluation of the potential response of parasites of aquatic organisms to climate change illustrates the complexity of host–parasite systems and the difficulty of making accurate predictions for biological systems. Parasites in aquatic systems will respond directly to changes in temperature but also indirectly to changes in other abiotic parameters that are mediated indirectly through changes in the distribution and abundance of their hosts. Local extirpations and introductions may be expected as a result. In the long term, climatic change may influence selection of different life-history traits, affecting parasite transmission and, potentially, virulence.

scholarly journals Should I shrink or should I flow? – body size adjustment to thermo-oxygenic niche

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Walczyńska ◽  
Agnieszka Gudowska ◽  
Łukasz Sobczyk
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Tolerance Range ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Species Evolution ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Size Adjustment

AbstractOrganisms adjust their size according to temperature and supposedly also respond to its negative covariate, oxygen. To what extent is size a response to temperature or oxygen? We analyzed the thermo-oxygenic niche for the community of 188 rotifer species. Evolution toward ranges of thermal tolerance occurred separately from evolution toward their optima. Body size was adjusted to both temperature and oxygen, but the cues for body size response differed; size was either driven by optimal temperatures or by the oxygen tolerance range. Animals are clearly separated into generalists or specialists, and their evolutionary body size adjustment is realized through differential responses to environmental factors. Oxygen is as important as temperature in the evolution of body size and ecological niche preference. An important conclusion from this study is that oxygen deprivation following global warming seems to be as problematic for the studied organisms as the temperature increase itself.

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