Loss of maternal atrial natriuretic peptide programs cardiac and renal gene expression: role of GATA4 and Npr‐1 in the fetal programming of cardiovascular health and disease

Introduction: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), composed by 28 amino-acids, is well known to modulate fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity and the immune system. Since ANP is produced in both heart and in the central nervous system (CNS), in the last years, increasing attention has been devoted to its possible role in neuropsychiatric disorders. Indeed, scattered data would indicate its possible role in anxiety, major depression, addictive behaviors, post-traumatic stress disorder and other stress-related disorders. Further, ANP has been hypothesized to represent one of the factors linking depression to cardiovascular health and the immune system. Aims: Given the paucity of available information, the aim of this paper was to review the current literature on the role of ANP in the CNS and in the pathophysiology of different neuropsychiatric and stress-related conditions. Discussion: Supporting data on ANP in psychiatric disorders are still limited to animal studies, or to a few “real” findings in patients gathered some decades ago that should be replicated in larger clinical samples. Conclusions: Further studies are necessary to understand the possible implications of ANP in neuropsychiatry, because potentially it might represent a new way for innovative psychopharmacological treatments in different conditions, all underlaid by hyperactive HPA axis.

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The atrial natriuretic peptide- and catecholamine-induced lipolysis and expression of related genes in adipose tissue in hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00688.2006 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 293 (1) ◽

pp. E246-E251 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J. Polak ◽

C. Moro ◽

E. Klimcakova ◽

M. Kovacikova ◽

M. Bajzova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Natriuretic Peptide ◽

Hormone Sensitive Lipase ◽

Hormone Sensitive ◽

Hyperthyroid Patients ◽

Atrial Natriuretic

Thyroid dysfunction is associated with several abnormalities in intermediary metabolism, including impairment of lipolytic response to catecholamines in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SCAAT). Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a powerful lipolytic peptide; however, the role of ANP-mediated lipolysis in thyroid disease has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of thyroid hormones in the regulation of ANP-induced lipolysis as well as in the gene expression of hormone-sensitive lipase, phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B), uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2), natriuretic peptide receptor type A, and β2-adrenergic receptor in SCAAT of hyperthyroid and hypothyroid patients. Gene expression in SCAAT was studied in 13 hypothyroid and 11 hyperthyroid age-matched women before and 2–4 mo after the normalization of their thyroid status. A microdialysis study was performed on a subset of nine hyperthyroid and 10 hypothyroid subjects. ANP- and isoprenaline-induced lipolyses were higher in hyperthyroid subjects, with no differences between the groups following treatment. Hormone-sensitive lipase gene expression was higher in hyperthyroid compared with hypothyroid subjects before treatment, whereas no difference was observed following treatment. No differences in gene expression of other genes were observed between the two groups. Following treatment, the gene expression of UCP2 decreased in hyperthyroid, whereas the expression of PDE3B decreased in hypothyroid subjects. We conclude that thyroid hormones regulate ANP- and isoprenaline-mediated lipolysis in human SCAAT in vivo. Increased lipolytic subcutaneous adipose tissue response in hyperthyroid patients may involve postreceptor signaling mechanisms.

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Role of insulin and atrial natriuretic peptide in sodium retention in insulin-treated IDDM patients during isotonic volume expansion

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/diabetes.39.3.289 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 289-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

R. Trevisan ◽

P. Fioretto ◽

A. Semplicini ◽

G. Opocher ◽

F. Mantero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽

Natriuretic Peptide ◽

Volume Expansion ◽

Sodium Retention ◽

Atrial Natriuretic

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Hypoxia Stimulates Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Gene Expression in Cultured Atrial Cardiocytes

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/01.hyp.29.1.75 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 75-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Yiu-Fai Chen ◽

Joan Durand ◽

William C. Claycomb

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽

Natriuretic Peptide ◽

Atrial Cardiocytes ◽

Peptide Gene ◽

Atrial Natriuretic

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Congestive heart failure: increased cardiac and extracardiac atrial natriuretic peptide gene expression

Cardiovascular Research ◽

10.1016/s0008-6363(02)00495-9 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 238 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

J Poulos

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Congestive Heart Failure ◽

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽

Natriuretic Peptide ◽

Peptide Gene ◽

Atrial Natriuretic

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Alteration of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and Brain Natriuretic Peptide Gene Expression Associated with Progression and Regression of Cardiac Hypertrophy in Renovascular Hypertensive Rats

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0900197 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 197-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Hideo Kawakami ◽

Hideki Okayama ◽

Mareomi Hamada ◽

Kunio Hiwada

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽

Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽

Brain Natriuretic Peptide ◽

Natriuretic Peptide ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Hypertensive Rats ◽

Regression Of Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽

Peptide Gene ◽

Atrial Natriuretic

1. We assessed the changes of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide gene expression associated with progression and regression of cardiac hypertrophy in renovascular hypertensive rats (RHR). 2. Two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats (6-week-old male Wistar) were made and studied 6 (RHR-1) and 10 weeks (RHR-2) after the procedure. Regression of cardiac hypertrophy was induced by nephrectomy at 6 weeks after constriction, and the nephrectomized rats were maintained further for 4 weeks (nephrectomized rat: NEP). Sham operation was performed, and the rats were studied after 6 (Sham-1) and 10 weeks (Sham-2). Atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide gene expression in the left ventricle was analysed by Northern blotting. 3. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide were significantly higher in RHR-1 and RHR-2 than in Sham-1, Sham-2 and NEP. Atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide mRNA levels in RHR-1 were approximately 7.2-fold and 1.8-fold higher than those in Sham-1, respectively, and the corresponding levels in RHR-2 were 13.0-fold and 2.4-fold higher than those in Sham-2, respectively. Atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide mRNA levels of NEP were normalized. Levels of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide mRNA were well correlated positively with left ventricular weight/body weight ratios. There was a significant positive correlation between the levels of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide mRNA (r = 0.86, P<0.01). 4. We conclude that the expression of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide genes is regulated in accordance with the degree of myocardial hypertrophy and that the augmented expression of these two natriuretic peptides may play an important role in the maintenance of cardiovascular haemodynamics in renovascular hypertension.

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