Characterization of human tissuetype plasminogen activator variants with amino acid mutations in the kringle 1 domain

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ikenaka ◽  
K. Yajima ◽  
H. Yahara ◽  
H. Maruyama ◽  
K. Matsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Amino Acid Mutations

Characterization of human tissuetype plasminogen activator variants with amino acid mutations in the kringle 1 domain

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ikenaka ◽  
K. Yajima ◽  
H. Yahara ◽  
H. Maruyama ◽  
K. Matsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Amino Acid Mutations

scholarly journals Kinetic characterization of a cocaine hydrolase engineered from mouse butyrylcholinesterase

2015 ◽  
Vol 466 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiabin Chen ◽  
Xiaoqin Huang ◽  
Liyi Geng ◽  
Liu Xue ◽  
Shurong Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Substrate Inhibition ◽  
Kinetic Characterization ◽  
Substrate Activation ◽  
Amino Acid Mutations ◽  
Human Butyrylcholinesterase

Mouse (mBChE) and human butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE)-based cocaine hydrolases (mCocH and hCocH) have remarkably different catalytic efficiencies against cocaine, but with little differences in catalytic efficiencies against acetylcholine (ACh) and butyrylthiocholine (BTC). The amino-acid mutations have remarkably converted substrate activation of the enzymes into substrate inhibition.

scholarly journals Norovirus GII.P16/GII.2 Strain in Shenzhen, China: A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Miao Jin ◽  
Hailong Zhang ◽  
Yanan Zhu ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Vp1 Gene ◽  
Nonstructural Proteins ◽  
School Settings ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Amino Acid Mutations ◽  
Prevention Methods

Abstract Background Norovirus (NoV) is the main cause of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks worldwide. From September 2015 through August 2018, 203 NoV outbreaks with 2,500 patients were reported to the Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Methods Fecal specimens were collected from the 203 outbreaks and epidemiological data were collected through the AGE outbreak surveillance system in Shenzhen. The genotypes were determined by sequencing analysis. To gain a better understanding of evolutionary characterization of NoV in Shenzhen, the molecular evolution was analyzed by time-scale evolutionary phylogeny and amino acid mutations. Results Most of these outbreaks were associated with NoV GII.P16/GII.2 strain (45.3%,92/203) and occurred in school settings (91.6%,186/203). The timescale phylogeny suggested that the GII.P16/GII.2 strain was recombination strain and were still stable. The amino acid mutations suggested that the nonstructural proteins of the recombination strain might play a more significant role than VP1 gene in these GII.P16/GII.2 recombination strain outbreaks. Conclusions This study illustrated the characteristics of the molecular epidemiological patterns in Shenzhen, China during September 2015 to August 2018 and provided the evidence that the GII.P16/GII.2 strain was static and the epidemic trend had fade.

scholarly journals Sequence and unique phylogeny of G genes of bovine respiratory syncytial viruses circulating in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-166
Author(s):  
Asuka Kumagai ◽  
Kyoko Kawauchi ◽  
Kiyohiko Andoh ◽  
Shinichi Hatama
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Vaccine Failure ◽  
Hydrophobic Region ◽  
Genetic Subgroup ◽  
Amino Acid Mutations ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Unique Amino Acid

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is an etiologic agent of bovine respiratory disease. The rapid evolutionary rate of BRSV contributes to genetic and antigenic heterogeneity of field strains and causes occasional vaccine failure. We conducted molecular epidemiologic characterization of BRSV circulating in Japan to obtain genetic information for vaccine-based disease control. Phylogenetic analysis of G and F gene sequences revealed that all of the isolated Japanese BRSV strains clustered in the same genetic subgroup, which was distinct from the 9 known groups. We assigned the Japanese group to subgenotype X. The Japanese isolates formed 2 temporal clusters: isolates from 2003 to 2005 clustered in lineage A; isolates from 2017 to 2019 formed lineage B. The alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences of the G gene revealed that the central hydrophobic region responsible for viral antigenicity is conserved in all of the isolates; unique amino acid mutations were found mainly in mucin-like regions. Our results suggest that BRSV has evolved uniquely in Japan to form the new subgenotype X; the antigenic homogeneity of the viruses within this group is inferred.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of FOX-4, a New AmpC-Type Plasmid-Mediated β-Lactamase from an Escherichia coli Strain Isolated in Spain

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 2549-2553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germán Bou ◽  
Antonio Oliver ◽  
Mar Ojeda ◽  
Carmelo Monzón ◽  
Jesús Martínez-Beltrán
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Clinical Strain ◽  
Plasmid Analysis ◽  
Amino Acid Mutations ◽  
Lactamase Gene

ABSTRACT A clinical strain of Escherichia coli (Ec GCE) displayed resistance to cefoxitin, cefotetan, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime. Susceptibility was not restored by the addition of clavulanic acid. Two β-lactamases with apparent pIs of 5.4 and 6.4 were identified; the β-lactamase with a pI of 6.4 was transferred by conjugation and associated with a 40-kb plasmid. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence showed a new ampC β-lactamase gene that is closely related to those encoding the FOX-3, FOX-2, and FOX-1 β-lactamases but whose product has four novel amino acid mutations, at positions 11 (M→T), 43 (A→E), 233 (V→A), and 280 (Y→H). This first cephamycinase from Spain was named FOX-4.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of the Hemagglutinin Gene of Influenza B Virus which Predominated in the 1985/86 Canadian Influenza Season

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimian Zou ◽  
Isabelle Prud’homme ◽  
John M Weber
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Prototype Strain ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Ha Gene ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Ann Arbor ◽  
Amino Acid Mutations

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of B/Canada/3/85, a prototype strain of influenza B virus variants that emerged in the 1984/85 influenza season and predominated in the 1985/86 season in Canada.DESIGN: Sequencing and comparison of the HA genes of B/Canada/3/85 and the vaccine strains for the 1985/86 season, B/USSR/100/83, and for the 1986/87 season, B/Ann Arbor/1/86.RESULTS: B/Canada/3/85 was similar to B/Ann Arbor/1/86 and significantly different from B/USSR/100/83. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA1-coding sequences indicated that B/Canada/3/85 and several other 1985 strains isolated in distant parts of the world were very closely related and were early variants representing the emergence of a new lineage, the B/Victoria/2/87 lineage. B/Canada/3/85 differed from B/USSR/100/83 in nucleotide sequence by 3.44% and in amino acid sequence by 3.33%. There was also an insertion of two amino acids in the HA1 region of B/Canada/3/85.CONCLUSIONS: B/Canada/3/85 was one of the herald strains for the 1985/1986 influenza B epidemic. The amino acid mutations and the two-codon insertion together may account for the observed antigenic changes in the HA of the influenza B variants.

The Influence of Carbohydrate Structure on the Clearance of Recombinant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (02) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Hotchkiss ◽  
C J Refino ◽  
C K Leonard ◽  
J V O'Connor ◽  
C Crowley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Sodium Periodate ◽  
Glycosylation Site ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Carbohydrate Structure ◽  
Tissue Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
High Mannose ◽  
Oligosaccharide Structures

SummaryModification of the carbohydrate structures of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) can increase or decrease its rate of clearance in rabbits. When rt-PA was treated with sodium periodate to oxidize carbohydrate residues, the rate of clearance was decreased from 9.6 ± 1.9 ml min−1 kg−1 to 3.5 ± 0.6 ml min−1 kg−1 (mean ± SD, n = 5). A similar change in the clearance of rt-PA was introduced by the use of endo-β-N-acetyl- glucosaminidase H (Endo-H), which selectively removes high mannose asparagine-linked oligosaccharides; the clearance of Endo-H-treated rt-PA was 5.0 ± 0.5 ml min−1 kg−1. A mutant of rt-PA was produced with an amino acid substitution at position 117 (Asn replaced with Gin) to remove a potential glycosylation site that normally contains a high mannose structure. The clearance of this material was also decreased, similar to the periodate and Endo-H-treated rt-PA. Conversely, when rt-PA was produced in the CHO 15B cell line, which can produce only high mannose oligosaccharide structures on glycoproteins, the clearance was increased by a factor of 1.8. These results demonstrate that the removal of rt-PA from the blood depends significantly upon the nature of its oligosaccharide structures.

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