Effect of one-kidney, one clip hypertension on the structure and function of porcine intramyocardial small arteries

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart J. Bund ◽  
Alex A. Oldham ◽  
Christopher P. Allott ◽  
Bernard E. Loveday ◽  
Anthony M. Heagerty
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Small Arteries ◽  
And Function

Structure and in vitro function of human subcutaneous small arteries in mild heart failure

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (5) ◽  
pp. C1298-C1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Stephens ◽  
Mark J. Drinkhill ◽  
Alistair S. Hall ◽  
Stephen G. Ball ◽  
Anthony M. Heagerty
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Small Arteries ◽  
Mild Heart Failure ◽  
And Function

The structure and function of subcutaneous small arteries from patients with mild heart failure ( n = 27) 6–43 mo after myocardial infarction were compared with vessels from healthy control subjects ( n = 10). Patients were randomized to treatment with placebo or the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril starting 3–10 days after myocardial infarction. Dissected arterial vessels were mounted on a wire myograph for measurement of morphology and isometric tension. Morphology was not different in arteries from the three groups. Responses to norepinephrine, angiotensin II, and electrical field stimulation were similar in arteries from placebo-treated patients with mild heart failure and control subjects. Similarly, endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxation was normal in arteries from patients with mild heart failure. Ramipril therapy was associated with functional alterations: vasoconstrictor responses to norepinephrine and angiotensin II were significantly enhanced compared with placebo ( P < 0.001). These data suggest that vascular structure and function are not different in vitro in subcutaneous arteries from placebo-treated patients with mild heart failure. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy is associated with enhanced vasoconstriction to norepinephrine and angiotensin II, which may reflect upregulation of receptor-mediated events.

Altered small artery morphology and reactivity in critical limb ischaemia

1999 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. HILLIER ◽  
R. D. SAYERS ◽  
P. A. C. WATT ◽  
R. NAYLOR ◽  
P. R. F. BELL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Critical Limb Ischaemia ◽  
Limb Ischaemia ◽  
Small Arteries ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
And Function ◽  
Revascularization Procedures ◽  
Wall Contraction

Although the pathophysiology of critical limb ischaemia is poorly understood, there is evidence that the condition of the small arteries may determine the outcome of revascularization procedures. This study was designed to investigate the effects of critical limb ischaemia on the structure and function of the small arteries in the leg. Small arteries (< 500 μm) from proximal (non-ischaemic) and distal (ischaemic) sites were obtained from patients undergoing bypass surgery for critical limb ischaemia and mounted in a myograph. Reactivity and morphological measurements were carried out and compared with controls. Control vessels from the thigh and calf showed no difference in media to lumen ratio. However, a comparison of ischaemic and non-ischaemic vessels from the patients with critical limb ischaemia showed significant thinning of the ischaemic vessel wall. Contraction studies using noradrenaline and angiotensin II revealed a significant decrease in the response of ischaemic vessels compared with the non-ischaemic vessels from the same patient. Moreover, these differences in reactivity were still apparent after the responses were corrected for wall thickness. Endothelial function assessed using the endothelium-dependent agonists acetylcholine and bradykinin showed a significantly impaired relaxation response to acetylcholine but not to bradykinin in the ischaemic vessels, and acetylcholine-induced relaxation was not improved after incubation with indomethacin. There was no change in the response to the endothelium-independent cAMP-mediated vasodilator iloprost but a significant impairment to sodium nitroprusside which acts via cGMP. These results suggest that small arteries in critical limb ischaemia are altered in both structure and function, with vessel wall thinning and impaired responses to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside.

Structure and Function of Small Arteries in Salt-Induced Hypertension

Hypertension ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 905-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livius V. d’Uscio ◽  
Matthias Barton ◽  
Sidney Shaw ◽  
Pierre Moreau ◽  
Thomas F. Lüscher
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Small Arteries ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
And Function

Vasopeptidase Inhibition Corrects the Structure and Function of the Small Arteries in Experimental Renal Insufficiency

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olli Haltia ◽  
Suvi Törmänen ◽  
Arttu Eräranta ◽  
Jarkko Jokihaara ◽  
Klaus Nordhausen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Insufficiency ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Small Arteries ◽  
Vasopeptidase Inhibition ◽  
And Function

Structure and function of neural networks in the retina

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Peter Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Visual Axis ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Cat Retina ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

The synaptic connections in cat retina that link photoreceptors to ganglion cells have been analyzed quantitatively. Our approach has been to prepare serial, ultrathin sections and photograph en montage at low magnification (˜2000X) in the electron microscope. Six series, 100-300 sections long, have been prepared over the last decade. They derive from different cats but always from the same region of retina, about one degree from the center of the visual axis. The material has been analyzed by reconstructing adjacent neurons in each array and then identifying systematically the synaptic connections between arrays. Most reconstructions were done manually by tracing the outlines of processes in successive sections onto acetate sheets aligned on a cartoonist's jig. The tracings were then digitized, stacked by computer, and printed with the hidden lines removed. The results have provided rather than the usual one-dimensional account of pathways, a three-dimensional account of circuits. From this has emerged insight into the functional architecture.

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