The activation of fatty acid metabolism by Vespa amino acid mixture (VAAM) and related nutrients during endurance exercise in mice

PURPOSE:The combined effect of acetic acid supplementation and endurance exercise training on fatty acid metabolism and skeletal muscle functions are not well known. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-week acetic acid administration with or without endurance exercise training on fatty acid metabolism and skeletal muscle functions using mice.METHODS: Fourty-eight male wild-type ICR mice (10-week old) were randomly divided into 4 groups: sedentary control (Sed+Con), sedentary sodium acetate (Sed+NaAc), exercise control (Exe+Con) and exercise sodium acetate (Exe+NaAc) groups. For acetic acid diet, sodium acetate was incorporated into the chow diet at 5% (w/w). For the exercise training, mice performed 4 days/week of 20 min treadmill running exercise training for 8 weeks. Following 8 weeks of combined treatments of acetic acid and endurance running exercise training, visceral fat mass and skeletal muscle mass, blood parameters, and the markers for fatty acid metabolism were analyzed. The results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA (p<.05) using the SPSS 21 program.RESULTS: Eight weeks of Exe+NaAc treatment significantly increased maximal running time compared with Sed+Con and Exe+Con groups (p<.05). Eight weeks of Exe+NaAc treatment significantly decreased fatty acid synthesis-related FAS (fatty acid synthase) protein levels compared with the Sed+Con group, and increased fatty acid oxidation-related CPT1B (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B) protein levels compared with Sed+Con and Sed+NaAc groups (p<.05). This combined treatment of acetic acid and endurance exercise training also increased AMPK activation compared with the Sed+Con and the Sed+NaAc groups (p<.05).CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that there were synergistic effects of the treatment of 8-week acetic acid supplementation and endurance exercise training on the reductions of body weight and visceral fat mass and an increase in endurance performance.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis curli pili (MTP) deficiency is associated with alterations in cell wall biogenesis, fatty acid metabolism and amino acid synthesis

Metabolomics ◽

10.1007/s11306-020-01720-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Ashokcoomar ◽

K. S. Reedoy ◽

S. Senzani ◽

D. T. Loots ◽

D. Beukes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Amino Acid Synthesis ◽

Cell Wall Biogenesis

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Amino Acid, Glucose, and Free Fatty Acid Metabolism in the Lower Limb in Cirrhotics. An Approach to the Problem of Plasma Amino Acid Imbalance in Liver Cirrhosis

Advances in Hepatic Encephalopathy and Urea Cycle Diseases ◽

10.1159/000410854 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 545-551

Author(s):

P. Amodio ◽

C. Merkel ◽

R. Nosadini ◽

R. Zuin ◽

A. Gatta

Keyword(s):

Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Plasma Amino Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽

Amino Acid Imbalance

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Modelling Metabolic Shifts during Cardiomyocyte Differentiation, Iron Deficiency and Transferrin Rescue Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo12010009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Benjamin B. Johnson ◽

Johannes Reinhold ◽

Terri L. Holmes ◽

Jamie A. Moore ◽

Verity Cowell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Tca Cycle ◽

High Energy ◽

Metabolic Substrate ◽

Substrate Utilisation ◽

Substrate Metabolism

Cardiomyocytes rely on specialised metabolism to meet the high energy demand of the heart. During heart development, metabolism matures and shifts from the predominant utilisation of glycolysis and glutamine oxidation towards lactate and fatty acid oxidation. Iron deficiency (ID) leads to cellular metabolism perturbations. However, the exact alterations in substrate metabolism during ID are poorly defined. Using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM), the present study investigated changes in major metabolic substrate utilisation in the context of ID or upon transferrin rescue. Typically, during hiPSC-CM differentiation, the greatest increase in total metabolic output and rate was seen in fatty acid metabolism. When ID was induced, hiPSC-CMs displayed increased reliance on glycolytic metabolism, and six TCA cycle, five amino acid, and four fatty acid substrates were significantly impaired. Transferrin rescue was able to improve TCA cycle substrate metabolism, but the amino acid and fatty acid metabolism remained perturbed. Replenishing iron stores partially reverses the adverse metabolic changes that occur during ID. Understanding the changes in metabolic substrate utilisation and their modification may provide potential for discovery of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases.

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Factors Influencing the Biosynthesis of the Tyrosine-rich Proteins of Wool

Australian Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.1071/bi9740031 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 31 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

MJ Frenkel ◽

JM Gillespie ◽

PJ Reis

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Wheat Gluten ◽

Amino Acid Mixture ◽

Acid Mixture ◽

Amino Acid Residues ◽

Significant Reversal ◽

Aromatic Amino Acid Metabolism ◽

Tyrosine Content ◽

Dietary Origin

The tyrosine content of wool can vary from about 2�3 to 4�4% of the amino acid residues. This variability, which can be attributed mostly to differences in the proportion of high-tyrosine proteins, appears to be partly of genetic and partly of dietary origin, for there are considerable differences in high-tyrosine protein content between the wools from different breeds of sheep and individual sheep of the same breed, and abomasal infusions of zein, maize gluten and wheat gluten strongly repress the synthesis of these proteins. Infusions of an amino acid mixture simulating the composition of zein produced a similar effect to that of zein. No significant reversal of the repression was produced by adding lysine, tryptophan or tyrosine to zein. It is suggested that these inhibitions may result from interference with aromatic amino acid metabolism.

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