CYCLIC VARIATIONS IN THE EOSINOPHIL COUNT DURING THE PHASES OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

Five female subjects were studied to determine the applicability of volatile sulphur analysis of mouth air to monitor chemical, cytological and physiological changes observed during the menstrual cycle. Volatile sulphur results were compiled over twelve ovulatory cycles derived from two or three consecutive cycles from each subject. The results of mouth air evaluations were compared with concurrently determined levels of hormones in blood serum and organic metabolites in vaginal secretions. Distinct cyclic variations were observed in concentrations of all three volatile sulphur components (hydrogen sulphide, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulphide) of mouth air. There was a definite overall trend for the compounds to increase two- to four-fold immediately around mid-cycle and menstruation as well as during mid-proliferative and mid-luteal phases of each menstrual cycle. In those cycles in which hormonal profiles were obtained, the increase in volatile sulphur content closely coincided with the mid-cycle surge in luteinizing hormone, while the peak during the mid-luteal phase corresponded to a period of maximum level of progesterone and elevated oestrogens. The concentrations of lactic acid and urea in vaginal secretions also underwent cyclic changes analogous to those described for volatile sulphur components of mouth air. The occurrence of malodourous concentrations of hydrogen sulphide and methyl mercaptan immediately around menses in most of the cycles studied satisfactorily accounts for the reported incidence of breath malodour observed during this time.

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Changes Of Coagulation Parameters During The Menstrual Cycle

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v122.21.4785.4785 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 122 (21) ◽

pp. 4785-4785

Author(s):

Susan Halimeh ◽

Hannelore Rott ◽

Guenther Kappert ◽

Manuela Siebert

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Von Willebrand Disease ◽

Factor Vii ◽

Coagulation Disorder ◽

Factor Xiii Deficiency ◽

Coagulation Parameters ◽

Time Points ◽

Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽

Cyclic Variations ◽

Von Willebrand

Introduction Von Willebrand disease is the most common bleeding disorder with a prevalence of 1-2% of the population. Nevertheless diagnosis of a von Willebrand Syndrom Typ 1 is still challenging. In a newer publication (1), 30 studies about the haemostatic variables during the menstrual cycle were compared. 11 studies were focused on the von Willebrand parameters but only in one study these parameters in patients with von Willebrand disease were observed. We investigated possible cyclic variations in women with menorrhagia, which can lead to a diagnosis of a coagulation disorder. Samples and Methods We conducted a laboratory workup in 122 women sent to our lab for menorrhagia. The following tests were conducted: Blood count, VWF:RCo, VWF:Ag, VWF:CB, Fibrinogen (Clauss), activities of FII, FV, FVII, FVIII (clotting and chromogenic), FIX, FX, FXI, FXII, FXIII during the menstrual cycle on predefined time points (day 1-6, day 7-11, day 12-18, day 19-23, day 24-28). Results In 51 (40%) patients a von Willebrand disease could be detected, 37% hat other coagulation disorders like p. e. factor-VII-deficieny and factor-XIII-deficiency. 11.5% had an iron deficiency. In 11.5% no coagulation disorder could be found. In patients with von Willebrand disease we found cyclic variations especially in the VWF:Ag (p = 0.02). They showed the lowest level during the ovulation. For other coagulation parameters no significance for variations during the menstrual cycle were found. Conclusion There are cyclic variations in von Willebrand antigen. To investigate women on predefined time points during the menstrual cycle can be useful to diagnose a von Willebrand disease particularly in mild cases in which no other suspicious bleeding symptoms exists. Literature Knol H.M., Kemperman R.F.J., Kluin-Nelemans C., Mulder A.B., Meijer K., Haemostatic variables during normal menstrual cycle, Thrombosis and Haemostasis 107.1/2012 Disclosures: Halimeh: Octapharma AG: Investigator Other, Research Funding.

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Cyclic variations of bone resorption mediators and markers in the different phases of the menstrual cycle

Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism ◽

10.1007/s00774-013-0430-4 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 461-467 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Bruno Mozzanega ◽

Salvatore Gizzo ◽

Daniela Bernardi ◽

Luigi Salmaso ◽

Tito Silvio Patrelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Bone Resorption ◽

Cyclic Variations

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A comparison of cyclic variations in anterior knee laxity, genu recurvatum, and general joint laxity across the menstrual cycle

Journal of Orthopaedic Research® ◽

10.1002/jor.21145 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 28 (11) ◽

pp. 1411-1417 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Sandra J. Shultz ◽

Beverly J. Levine ◽

Anh-Dung Nguyen ◽

Hyunsoo Kim ◽

Melissa M. Montgomery ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Knee Laxity ◽

Joint Laxity ◽

Anterior Knee Laxity ◽

Genu Recurvatum ◽

Cyclic Variations ◽

Anterior Knee

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EFFECT OF A SEQUENTIAL OESTROGEN-PROGESTIN THERAPY ON THE PLASMA LEVEL OF OESTROGENS AND LIPIDS IN POST-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0920319 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 92 (2) ◽

pp. 319-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

L. Lillienberg ◽

H. Adlercreutz ◽

A. Svanborg

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Plasma Lipids ◽

Plasma Cholesterol ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Previous Treatment ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Clinical Effects ◽

Oestrone Sulphate ◽

Cyclic Variations ◽

Progestin Therapy

ABSTRACT With the aim of minimizing side effects of substitution therapy a natural synthetic oestrogen, oestrone sulphate, and norethisterone acetate were administered to 6 oophorectomized women and 4 women with physiological menopause cyclically in order to follow the pattern of physiological variations during the menstrual cycle as closely as possible, without causing bleedings. In addition to assessing the clinical effects and analyses of plasma oestrone and oestradiol-17β, the metabolic effects on plasma triglycerides, cholesterol and individual phospholipid levels, as well as on the fatty acid composition of lecithin were followed. The oral administration of oestrone sulphate in doses varying with the "cycle" from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/day gave in these women plasma concentrations of oestrone in the lower pre-menopausal physiological range causing cyclic variations in plasma lipids similar to those during a physiological menstrual cycle but did not normalize the plasma oestradiol concentrations and did not give acceptable therapeutic effect. Total phospholipids, total and free cholesterol, triglycerides and the percentage of lecithin were higher, and the percentage of lysolecithin lower in the oestrogen phase, than in the progestin phase. The changes in linoleic acid in lecithin varied inversely with changes in arachidonic acid in lecithin and cyclic variations also occurred in the content of palmitic and stearic acid in lecithin. When previous treatment with ethinyloestradiol was exchanged with oestrone sulphate the total cholesterol values in plasma varied in the opposite direction. The results obtained in this and previous studies suggest different effects of ethinyloestradiol and oestrone (oestrone sulphate?) in the metabolism of certain sterols, and that the effect of oestrone (or oestrone sulphate?) on plasma cholesterol dominates during physiological condition in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.

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ALTERATIONS OF PROTEIN, NUCLEIC ACIDS AND ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN THE HUMAN ENDOMETRIUM DURING THE NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0610729 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 729-736 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

H. Schmidt ◽

P. Berle ◽

K. D. Voigt

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Nucleic Acids ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Biochemical Parameter ◽

Cell Number ◽

Secretory Phase ◽

Endometrial Cells ◽

Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽

Cyclic Variations ◽

Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

ABSTRACT In twenty-one women with a normal menstrual cycle determinations of protein, of nucleic acids and of some enzymes of energy metabolism have been performed on endometrial tissue. The calculation of enzyme activities is based on the DNA content which represents a biochemical parameter of the cell number. The glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase show markedly increased activities during the secretory phase of the cycle. This suggests that the ovarian hormones induce a considerable stimulation of carbohydrate metabolism of the endometrial cells. Isocitrate dehydrogenase activity shows a transient but marked increase immediately after ovulation. There is also activation of an amino peptidase during the secretory phase of the cycle. The data presented are compatible with previous observations on the cyclic variations of these parameters in the rat uterus.

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The Effect of Estradiol and Progesterone on Knee and Ankle Joint Laxity

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/0363546505275149 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 33 (9) ◽

pp. 1298-1304 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Bruce D. Beynnon ◽

Ira M. Bernstein ◽

Adelle Belisle ◽

Bjarne Brattbakk ◽

Patrick Devanny ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Knee Joint ◽

Knee Laxity ◽

Joint Laxity ◽

Ligamentous Injury ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Knee Joint Laxity ◽

Cyclic Variations ◽

Posterior Knee ◽

Anterior Posterior

Background Female athletes suffer a higher incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries compared to their male counterparts, and they appear to be at increased risk for these injuries when they have increased anterior-posterior knee laxity and at specific phases of the menstrual cycle. Although the mechanism by which these factors combine to increase injury risk is unclear, studies suggest that cyclic variations in joint laxity produced by hormone fluctuation during the menstrual cycle pre-dispose an athlete to increased risk of ligamentous injury. Little is known about whether joint laxity varies cyclically during the menstrual cycle and if so, whether it is modulated by cyclic variations of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4). Hypothesis Increased serum estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels are associated with increased ankle and knee joint laxity. Study Design Cohort study. Level of evidence, 2. Methods Ankle laxity, anterior-posterior knee laxity, and serum concentrations of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) were measured during the menstrual cycle in women and at corresponding time intervals in men (controls). Ankle laxity was measured from stress radiographs and included anterior talar translation relative to the tibia and talar tilt relative to the tibia; anterior-posterior knee laxity was measured with the KT-1000 arthrometer. Results Women had greater knee and ankle laxity values compared to men. There was, however, no change in knee and ankle laxity over the normal menstrual cycle in women and no change over time in men. There was no relationship between estradiol and progesterone fluctuation and ankle and knee joint laxity. Conclusions Knee and ankle joint laxities are greater for women compared to men; however, the cyclic estradiol and progesterone fluctuations that occur during the menstrual cycle do not produce cyclic fluctuations of joint laxity. Studies using joint laxity to identify a subject at risk for ligamentous injury need only consider making measurements at a specific point in time, such as during a preseason screening evaluation.

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