Diminished Antibody Response to Hepatitis B Immunization in Children With Sickle Cell Disease

Introduction: Sickle cell disease causes chronic anemia with the need for transfusions. The risk in children to get transfusions transmitted infections is high. Aims: Determine the prevalence of HBsAg and HCV antibodies in sickle cell disease children under sixteen in Lome (Togo). Study Design: It is a cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Haematology Unit of Campus University Hospital and Paediatric Unit of Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital of Lomé collected between February to May 2016. Sample processing: Campus Hospital Laboratory. Methodology: We collected blood in sickle cell disease patients in Campus and Sylvanus Olympio university hospitals at Lomé and informations about sickle cell type, transfusion, and hepatitis B vaccination. Sera were tested with Cobas e411 Roche® in the determining of hepatitis B surface antigen (HbSAg) and hepatitis C antibodies (HCVAb). Epi Info was used for statiscal analysis ®. Significant associations were found when P<0.05. Results: Total of 172 patients from Campus Hospital and 79 from Sylvanus Olympio were included. Sex ratio and SS phenotype were 0.93, 69.8% and 1.32, 64.5% respectively. HBsAg was detected in 1.7% from Campus and 7.6% in Sylvanus Olympio. One patient from Campus carried HCVAb. Significant association between hepatitis B and sex (P=0.02) and hepatitis B and vaccination were found (P= 0.0003). Males were more infected and patients who were unvaccinated carried HBsAg. Conclusion: Vaccination against viral hepatitis and best blood donation screening are necessary to avoid these viral diseases in sickle cell disease children.

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Prevalence of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV in Sickle Cell Disease Patients from Oman

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2018-99-118435 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 4916-4916

Author(s):

Salam Alkindi ◽

Nada AL-Umairi ◽

Anil Pathare

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C ◽

Sickle Cell Disease ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Conflicts Of Interest ◽

Sickle Cell Trait ◽

Cell Disease ◽

Positive Serology ◽

Hcv Prevalence ◽

Genotype 2

Abstract Background and Purpose: Oman is a country with an intermediate prevalence of Hepatitis B (HBV) carriers (2.8-7.1%, 20101), while the prevalence of HBV infection was 5.8% (20142). Hepatitis C (HCV) prevalence reported from Oman was 0.41% (20163). Further, a total of 2394 Human Immunodeficiency (HIV) infections were identified among Omanis (20134). Unfortunately, there are no studies on the prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients from Oman. Objectives: This study was therefore performed to estimate the prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV among SCD patients from Oman. Methods: In a retrospective cross-sectional cohort study, medical records of all patients with SCD and sickle cell trait (SCT) patients who received blood transfusions between 2006 to 2017 were retrieved from the hospital information system. Specifically, data on HIV, HBV and HCV exposure were recorded to study the prevalence, following approval for the study from the hospital medical research and ethics committee. Results: Amongst a total of 1000 patient (491 males and 509 females), 126 (12.6%) had anti-HCV antibodies (anti-HCV) based on serology and amongst these 52(5.2%) were PCR positive. Genotype 1 was the most predominant (n=36), followed by genotype 3& 4(n=7 each) followed by genotype 2(n=2). 23 (2.3%) SCD patients showed positive serology for hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) and amongst these 16 (1.6%) were PCR positive. None of the SCD patients showed positive serology for HIV. Liver Ultrasound was normal in 788 patients (78.8%), whereas, 208(20.8%) had hepatomegaly and 4(0.4%)had liver cirrhosis. Further, only 2 patients amongst the 36 patients who had died had a hepatic cause. Conclusion: This study provides comprehensive data on the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection among SCD patients and raises concerns regarding the HCV prevalence in these patients with its impact on chronic liver disease. Reassuringly, no case with HIV was observed. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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The prevalence of human immunodeficiency and of hepatitis B viral infections is not increased in patients with sickle cell disease in Tanzania

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-06726-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Grace Shayo ◽

Irene Makundi ◽

Lucio Luzzatto

Keyword(s):

Sickle Cell Disease ◽

Blood Transfusion ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dar Es Salaam ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Cell Disease ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Tanzania ranks as the fourth country in the world with respect to the number of sickle cell disease (SCD) births; it is also endemic to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the hepatitis B virus (HBV). This study was done to determine the prevalence of HIV and HBV infections among SCD patients in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods A multicenter hospital-based descriptive cross sectional study was carried out among participants aged ≥ 16 years with a proven diagnosis of SCD. Socio-demographic and clinical data were recorded. Blood samples were drawn for HIV and HBV diagnosis. All categorical variables were summarized into frequencies. Results There were 185/325 (56.9 %) females. The mean age (SD) was 23.0 ± 7.5 years. The prevalence of HIV was 1.8 %; the prevalence of HBV was 1.2 %. Conclusions The prevalence of both HIV and HBV in SCD patients is no greater than in the general population of Dar es Salaam or Tanzania. For associations, a large study would be needed. From a detailed blood transfusion history of SCD patients we found no evidence that HIV or HBV infection was transmitted through blood transfusion.

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