Adherence as therapeutic citizenship: impact of the history of access to antiretroviral drugs on adherence to treatment

AIDS ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (Suppl 5) ◽  
pp. S31-S35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinh-Kim Nguyen ◽  
Cyriaque Yapo Ako ◽  
Pascal Niamba ◽  
Aliou Sylla ◽  
Issoufou Tiendrébéogo
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Behavioral Risk Factors in People with HIV/AIDS and Its Effect on Adherence to Treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moslem Soofi ◽  
atefeh moradi ◽  
Ebrahim Shakiba ◽  
Mehdi Moradinazar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Adherence To Medication ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Behavioral risk factors, in addition to increasing the risk of HIV/AIDS transmission, can affect the antiretroviral therapy (ART) pattern of people with the condition. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of behavioral risk factors and its effect on adherence to antiretroviral drugs (ARV) treatment in patients with HIV/AIDS in western Iran.Methods: This study was performed on all patients who were diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in Kermanshah province during the years 1995-2019 (25 years). Adherence to treatment in these patients was divided into three categories according to the WHO definition: Non-adherence, cessation and adherence to treatment. Using single-variable and multi-variable logistic regression, the effect of important variables in four models was modified and the effect of each of the behavioral risk factors was studied in patients who had non-adherence or experienced cessation compared to those who adhered to ARV.Results: Of the 2,867 patients with HIV/AIDS, 2,449 (85.42%) were men. The mean age of HIV infection was 33.36 ± 11.8 years. In 1995, less than 10 percent of people received treatment, which is 2019 it reached to more than 67 percent. All behavioral risk factors increased the non-adherence to medication and cessation of ARV. In general, after controlling confounding variables except needle sharing, all behavioral variables affected ARV treatment; The greatest impact on non-adherence to medication was History of drug abuse, History of the prison, History of injection drug use and Sex with non-spouse with a chance of 10.87 (7.21-16.39), 3.94 (2.84-5.46), 3.86 (2.47-6.03) and 3.38(2.19-5.23) times more than patients without these risk factors, respectively.Conclusion: Although the process of receiving treatment has been increasing since 2005, the non-adherence to medication is still high in high-risk groups, so it is important to focus more on reducing non-adherence and eventually cessation of treatment. In particular, more focus is necessary for health education and raising the level of awareness of these groups.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Behavioral Risk Factors in People with HIV/AIDS and Its Effect on Adherence to Treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moslem Soofi ◽  
Ebrahim Shakiba ◽  
Mehdi Moradinazar ◽  
Atefeh Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Adherence To Medication ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Behavioral risk factors, in addition to increasing the risk of HIV/AIDS transmission, can affect the antiretroviral therapy (ART) pattern of people with the condition. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of behavioral risk factors and its effect on adherence to antiretroviral drugs (ARV) treatment in patients with HIV/AIDS in western Iran.Methods: This study was performed on all patients who were diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in Kermanshah province during the years 1995-2019 (25 years). Adherence to treatment in these patients was divided into three categories according to the WHO definition: Non-adherence, cessation and adherence to treatment. Using single-variable and multi-variable logistic regression, the effect of important variables in four models was modified and the effect of each of the behavioral risk factors was studied in patients who had non-adherence or experienced cessation compared to those who adhered to ARV.Results: Of the 2,867 patients with HIV/AIDS, 2,449 (85.42%) were men. The mean age of HIV infection was 33.36 ± 11.8 years. In 1995, less than 10 percent of people received treatment, which is 2019 it reached to more than 67 percent. All behavioral risk factors increased the non-adherence to medication and cessation of ARV. In general, after controlling confounding variables except needle sharing, all behavioral variables affected ARV treatment; The greatest impact on non-adherence to medication was History of drug abuse, History of the prison, History of injection drug use and Sex with non-spouse with a chance of 10.87 (7.21-16.39), 3.94 (2.84-5.46), 3.86 (2.47-6.03) and 3.38(2.19-5.23) times more than patients without these risk factors, respectively.Conclusion: Although the process of receiving treatment has been increasing since 2005, the non-adherence to medication is still high in high-risk groups, so it is important to focus more on reducing non-adherence and eventually cessation of treatment. In particular, more focus is necessary for health education and raising the level of awareness of these groups.

Intellectual Property Rights, Moral Imagination, and Access to Life-Enhancing Drugs

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia H. Werhane ◽  
Michael Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
National Security ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Moral Imagination ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Patent Owner ◽  
Single Person ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of

Abstract:Although the idea of intellectual property (IP) rights—proprietary rights to what one invents, writes, paints, composes or creates—is firmly embedded in Western thinking, these rights are now being challenged across the globe in a number of areas. This paper will focus on one of these challenges: government-sanctioned copying of patented drugs without permission or license of the patent owner in the name of national security, in health emergencies, or life-threatening epidemics. After discussing standard rights-based and utilitarian arguments defending intellectual property we will present another model. IP is almost always a result of a long history of scientific or technological development and numbers of networks of creativity, not the act of a single person or a group of people at one moment in time. Thus thinking about and evaluating IP requires thinking about IP as shared rights. A network approach to IP challenges a traditional model of IP. It follows that the owner of those rights has some obligations to share that information or its outcomes. If that conclusion is applied to the distribution of antiretroviral drugs, what pharmaceutical companies are ethically required to do to increase access to these medicines in the developing world will have to be reanalyzed from a more systemic perspective.

Therapeutic skills and therapeutic expectations in the treatment of migrant individuals and their families

2021 ◽  
pp. 467-474
Author(s):  
Samuel O. Okpaku
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Explanatory Model ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Treatment Expectations ◽  
Helping Alliance ◽  
Family Approach ◽  
Central Elements ◽  
History Of

This chapter emphasizes the need to categorize migrants into three major subgroups. This is necessary as different categories may have different needs in terms of documentation, services, and opportunities. The central elements for effective therapeutic approaches are then reviewed. These include the establishment of a helping alliance, the client’s explanatory model, adherence to treatment, and the client’s expectations of the treatment. These expectations may be divided into ‘treatment expectations’ and ‘outcome expectations’. Therapists’ skills and characteristics are also explored. It is suggested that the salient factors in psychotherapy of locals are likely to be the same for migrants, but for this latter group there is a need to be mindful of cultural issues, the history of trauma, and the need for a family approach. The chapter concludes by emphasizing that therapists pay attention to their own values in addition to the issues relating to culture.

scholarly journals A clinical case of Kaposi sarcoma in a patient with TB/HIV co-infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
N. V. Kuzmina ◽  
N. V. Nelidova
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
T Cell Immunity ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Cell Immunity ◽  
Viral Hepatitis B

The article describes a clinical case of Kaposi sarcoma in a patient with concurrent tuberculosis, HIV infection with severely compromised T-cell immunity, viral hepatitis B and C, and substances and alcohol abuse. Also, the patient had low adherence to treatment with anti-tuberculosis and antiretroviral drugs.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

2021 ◽  
pp. 197-212
Author(s):  
Quarraisha Abdool Karim ◽  
Urisha Singh ◽  
Cheryl Baxter ◽  
Salim S. Abdool Karim
Keyword(s):  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Living With Hiv

This chapter traces the history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from its origins, remarkable scientific advances, and unprecedented global responses through to the current state of the epidemic, progress towards ending acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and remaining challenges. It explains the origins of HIV-1 and HIV-2, the development of a surveillance system, and the viral structure. It outlines different antiretroviral drugs used in the treatment of HIV infections, and current drug research. The prevention of both mother-to-child transmission and sexual transmission is outlined, including pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use. The development of modern technologies and social media to help people living with HIV is covered. Programmes to modify behaviour and reduce risk from injecting drug use are explained.

The uptake of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis within a sexual assault setting in Sydney, Australia

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Templeton ◽  
S C Davies ◽  
A L Garvin ◽  
R J Garsia
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Hiv Seroprevalence ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Mucosal Site ◽  
History Of ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Anal Penetration

Our aim was to compare the assault characteristics of victims presenting to a sexual assault service who were prescribed HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (HIV PEP) with those not prescribed HIV PEP. A retrospective review was carried out of the medical records of victims who were seen over a 12-month period in 1999/2000. HIV PEP may have been potentially appropriate for 117 victims, of whom nine (7.7%) were prescribed PEP (eight women, one man). There was a trend for prescription of PEP to depend on the type of assault, with those suffering anal penetration most likely to be prescribed PEP, followed by those with vaginal, and then oral penetration ( P=0.08). Those who gave a history of oral or vaginal mucosal contact with ejaculate were more likely to receive PEP compared with those in whom ejaculation occurred at a non-mucosal site ( P=0.03). Most prescribed PEP regimens involved three antiretroviral drugs. In this study, HIV PEP, when prescribed, was in accord with existing guidelines. Future studies should aim to better document HIV seroconversions in victims of sexual assault and HIV seroprevalence in assailants.

Regression of invasive conjunctival squamous carcinoma in an HIV-positive patient on antiretroviral therapy

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 782-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Holkar ◽  
H S Mudhar ◽  
A Jain ◽  
M Gupta ◽  
K E Rogstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Squamous Carcinoma ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
African Woman ◽  
Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tomography Scan ◽  
Conjunctival Lesion ◽  
Orbital Invasion

Case history of an African woman presenting with advanced HIV and a painful conjunctival lesion is presented. A conjunctival biopsy revealed invasive squamous cell carcinoma, with orbital invasion on computed tomography scan. She was commenced on antiretroviral therapy. She refused surgery to remove the eye and orbital contents (exenteration), and was referred to palliative care. Gradually, her immune status and ocular symptoms improved. At ophthalmic review, the tumour had apparently completely regressed. This unprecedented phenomenon may be due to antiretroviral therapy. Discussion covers conjunctival carcinoma and behaviour of HIV-related tumours with antiretroviral therapy. Antiretroviral drugs may offer a better alternative to disfiguring surgery in the future.

scholarly journals Studi Kualitatif Keberadaan Penyakit Kusta di Desa Dendun Kecamatan Mantang Kabupaten Bintan

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Harvensica Gunnara ◽  
Rian Yuliyana ◽  
Rinaldi Daswito ◽  
Ratna Juwita ◽  
Hendra Dhermawan Sitanggang
Keyword(s):  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
District Health ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Depth Interviews

Indonesia is in the third position in the world with the most leprosy sufferers after India and Brazil. Leprosy is commonly found in developing countries, as a result of the country's limited ability to provide adequate services in the fields of health, education, and socioeconomic welfare for the community. Dendun Village in Mantang District had the most cases of leprosy, 5 (five) cases in the Bintan Regency area in 2018. The study was used as a qualitative approach with a case study method. Content analysis was used in the analysis process of this research. Testing the results of research used source triangulation by cross-checking data with facts from other sources (informants) and triangulation methods by collecting data through in-depth interviews with informants and reviewing documents. The level of knowledge, negative stigma, adherence to treatment, history of contact with leprosy sufferers, and access to health services were important factors for the existence of leprosy in Dendun Village, Mantang District, Bintan Regency. Patients are expected to comply with the treatment program seriously to prevent transmission, cure, and recovery due to diseases carried out by the Bintan District Health Office and Mantang Puskesmas.

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