scholarly journals The Prevalence of Behavioral Risk Factors in People with HIV/AIDS and Its Effect on Adherence to Treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moslem Soofi ◽  
atefeh moradi ◽  
Ebrahim Shakiba ◽  
Mehdi Moradinazar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Adherence To Medication ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Behavioral risk factors, in addition to increasing the risk of HIV/AIDS transmission, can affect the antiretroviral therapy (ART) pattern of people with the condition. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of behavioral risk factors and its effect on adherence to antiretroviral drugs (ARV) treatment in patients with HIV/AIDS in western Iran.Methods: This study was performed on all patients who were diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in Kermanshah province during the years 1995-2019 (25 years). Adherence to treatment in these patients was divided into three categories according to the WHO definition: Non-adherence, cessation and adherence to treatment. Using single-variable and multi-variable logistic regression, the effect of important variables in four models was modified and the effect of each of the behavioral risk factors was studied in patients who had non-adherence or experienced cessation compared to those who adhered to ARV.Results: Of the 2,867 patients with HIV/AIDS, 2,449 (85.42%) were men. The mean age of HIV infection was 33.36 ± 11.8 years. In 1995, less than 10 percent of people received treatment, which is 2019 it reached to more than 67 percent. All behavioral risk factors increased the non-adherence to medication and cessation of ARV. In general, after controlling confounding variables except needle sharing, all behavioral variables affected ARV treatment; The greatest impact on non-adherence to medication was History of drug abuse, History of the prison, History of injection drug use and Sex with non-spouse with a chance of 10.87 (7.21-16.39), 3.94 (2.84-5.46), 3.86 (2.47-6.03) and 3.38(2.19-5.23) times more than patients without these risk factors, respectively.Conclusion: Although the process of receiving treatment has been increasing since 2005, the non-adherence to medication is still high in high-risk groups, so it is important to focus more on reducing non-adherence and eventually cessation of treatment. In particular, more focus is necessary for health education and raising the level of awareness of these groups.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Behavioral Risk Factors in People with HIV/AIDS and Its Effect on Adherence to Treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moslem Soofi ◽  
Ebrahim Shakiba ◽  
Mehdi Moradinazar ◽  
Atefeh Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Adherence To Medication ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Behavioral risk factors, in addition to increasing the risk of HIV/AIDS transmission, can affect the antiretroviral therapy (ART) pattern of people with the condition. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of behavioral risk factors and its effect on adherence to antiretroviral drugs (ARV) treatment in patients with HIV/AIDS in western Iran.Methods: This study was performed on all patients who were diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in Kermanshah province during the years 1995-2019 (25 years). Adherence to treatment in these patients was divided into three categories according to the WHO definition: Non-adherence, cessation and adherence to treatment. Using single-variable and multi-variable logistic regression, the effect of important variables in four models was modified and the effect of each of the behavioral risk factors was studied in patients who had non-adherence or experienced cessation compared to those who adhered to ARV.Results: Of the 2,867 patients with HIV/AIDS, 2,449 (85.42%) were men. The mean age of HIV infection was 33.36 ± 11.8 years. In 1995, less than 10 percent of people received treatment, which is 2019 it reached to more than 67 percent. All behavioral risk factors increased the non-adherence to medication and cessation of ARV. In general, after controlling confounding variables except needle sharing, all behavioral variables affected ARV treatment; The greatest impact on non-adherence to medication was History of drug abuse, History of the prison, History of injection drug use and Sex with non-spouse with a chance of 10.87 (7.21-16.39), 3.94 (2.84-5.46), 3.86 (2.47-6.03) and 3.38(2.19-5.23) times more than patients without these risk factors, respectively.Conclusion: Although the process of receiving treatment has been increasing since 2005, the non-adherence to medication is still high in high-risk groups, so it is important to focus more on reducing non-adherence and eventually cessation of treatment. In particular, more focus is necessary for health education and raising the level of awareness of these groups.

scholarly journals Socio-structural and behavioral risk factors associated with trafficked history of female bar/spa entertainers in the sex trade in the Philippines

2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianne A. Urada ◽  
Sonja Halterman ◽  
Anita Raj ◽  
Kiyomi Tsuyuki ◽  
Nymia Pimentel-Simbulan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Sex Trade ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Description Analysis of Human Behavior that Causes the Emergence of HIV/AIDS Infectious Diseases in Surabaya

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Yayuk Susilawati ◽  
Nasronudin Nasronudin ◽  
Atika Atika
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV virus is transmitted to other individuals particularly through sexual contact with infected individuals, narcotic abuse using shared infected needle, maternal-fetal transmission in perinatal period, either during pregnancy, labor, and breastfeeding, or through infected blood donor. The diagnosis of HIV/AIDS infection is established using laboratory examination with the indication of clinical symptoms or high risk behavior. This descriptive study was intended to describe human behaviors that cause the occurrence of HIV/AIDS in Surabaya. To find the description of the disease, the percentage of total HIV/AIDS patients according to behavioral risk factors was estimated. Total patients in 9 hospitals at each risk factor were divided with total patients in those hospital, multiplied with 100. The description of the disease according to behavioral risk factors in Surabaya is as follows: total patients between January and December 2005 was 382 individuals; 204 due to sexual contact (53.40%), 161 due to injected drug use (IDU) (42.15%), 6 perinatal cases (1.57%) and 11 with unknown causes (2.88%). From risk factor sexual relationship behavior as many as 204 people, respectively heterosexual 174 people (85.29%), homosexual 17 people (8.33%) and bisexual 13 people (6.37%). Further analytical studies are needed to analyze correlation between human behavior and the occurrence of HIV/AIDS in Surabaya.

scholarly journals Socio-Behavioral Risk Factors Associated with Cryptosporidiosis in HIV/AIDS Patients Visiting the HIV Referral Clinic at Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-116
Author(s):  
Yeboah K. Opoku ◽  
Johnson N. Boampong ◽  
Irene Ayi ◽  
Godwin Kwakye-Nuako ◽  
Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Cape Coast ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Enteric Protozoan ◽  
Hiv Aids

Objective:To identify the socio-behavioral risk factors associated with cryptosporidiosis among HIV/AIDS patients with chronic diarrhea symptoms visiting the HIV referral clinic at Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 HIV/AIDS patients with recurrent diarrhea. Questionnaires were administered to collect social and behavioral risk factors associated withCryptosporidiumand other opportunistic protozoan parasitic infections in HIV patients. Stool samples were collected for the diagnosis of enteric protozoan pathogens using modified Ziehl-Neelsen and acid-fast staining methods. CD4+cells counts of study subjects were obtained from patients clinical records. The data obtained were analyzed using Pearson chi-square and multivariate-adjusted statistics tool on SPSS 16 for Windows.Results:Twenty-seven (54%) of the subjects were infected with enteric protozoan pathogens. The prevalences ofCryptosporidium,CyclosporaandMicrosporidiuminfections were 46%, 32% and 16%, respectively.Cryptosporidiuminfection was significantly associated with drinking water (×2=13.528, p<0.001),Cyclosporawas associated with the type of drinking water (×2=14.931, p<0.001) and toilet facilities used by the study subjects (×2=12.463, p<0.01), whilesMicrosporidiuminfection was associated with hand washing behavior (×2=12.463, p<0.01). Enteric protozoans were frequently encountered among subjects with CD4+ T-cell count <200 cells/mm3. However, coinfection ofCyclospora spp&Cryptosporidiumspp was not observed in CD4+cell count <200 and >500 cells/mm3.Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factor forCryptosporidiuminfection among HIV/AIDS patients was the source of drinking water (pipe borne water 76.2% prevalence: sachet water 25%; OR=0.10, 95%CI: 0.03-0.39, p<0.001).Conclusion:We report the risk factor for exposure ofCryptosporidiuminfection among HIV/AIDS patients for the first time in Ghana. The contamination of drinking water by protozoan parasites should be a public health concern. These results provide the stepping block to understand the transmission dynamics ofCryptosporidiumand other opportunistic pathogens in HIV/AIDS infected patients in Ghana.

scholarly journals Psychological and Behavioral Predictors of Vaccine Efficacy: Considerations for COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 174569162198924
Author(s):  
Annelise A. Madison ◽  
M. Rosie Shrout ◽  
Megan E. Renna ◽  
Janice K. Kiecolt-Glaser
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
The Impact

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine candidates are being evaluated, with the goal of conferring immunity on the highest percentage of people who receive the vaccine as possible. It is noteworthy that vaccine efficacy depends not only on the vaccine but also on characteristics of the vaccinated. Over the past 30 years, a series of studies has documented the impact of psychological factors on the immune system’s vaccine response. Robust evidence has demonstrated that stress, depression, loneliness, and poor health behaviors can impair the immune system’s response to vaccines, and this effect may be greatest in vulnerable groups such as the elderly. Psychological factors are also implicated in the prevalence and severity of vaccine-related side effects. These findings have generalized across many vaccine types and therefore may be relevant to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. In this review, we discuss these psychological and behavioral risk factors for poor vaccine responses, their relevance to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as targeted psychological and behavioral interventions to boost vaccine efficacy and reduce side effects. Recent data suggest these psychological and behavioral risk factors are highly prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic, but intervention research suggests that psychological and behavioral interventions can increase vaccine efficacy.

scholarly journals Effects of Behavioral Risk Factors and Social-Environmental Factors on Non-Communicable Diseases in South Korea: A National Survey Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Nam Jeong Jeong ◽  
Eunil Park ◽  
Angel P. del Pobil
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Social Environmental Factors

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are one of the major health threats in the world. Thus, identifying the factors that influence NCDs is crucial to monitor and manage diseases. This study investigates the effects of social-environmental and behavioral risk factors on NCDs as well as the effects of social-environmental factors on behavioral risk factors using an integrated research model. This study used a dataset from the 2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. After filtering incomplete responses, 5462 valid responses remained. Items including one’s social-environmental factors (household income, education level, and region), behavioral factors (alcohol use, tobacco use, and physical activity), and NCDs histories were used for analyses. To develop a comprehensive index of each factor that allows comparison between different concepts, the researchers assigned scores to indicators of the factors and calculated a ratio of the scores. A series of path analyses were conducted to determine the extent of relationships among NCDs and risk factors. The results showed that social-environmental factors have notable effects on stroke, myocardial infarction, angina, diabetes, and gastric, liver, colon, lung, and thyroid cancers. The results indicate that the effects of social-environmental and behavioral risk factors on NCDs vary across the different types of diseases. The effects of social-environmental factors and behavioral risk factors significantly affected NCDs. However, the effect of social-environmental factors on behavioral risk factors was not supported. Furthermore, social-environmental factors and behavioral risk factors affect NCDs in a similar way. However, the effects of behavioral risk factors were smaller than those of social-environmental factors. The current research suggests taking a comprehensive view of risk factors to further understand the antecedents of NCDs in South Korea.

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