Is Academic Attainment or Situational Judgement Test Performance in Medical School Associated With the Likelihood of Disciplinary Action? A National Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract BACKGROUND. The socioeconomic status of applicants to Canadian medical schools has been understudied in the past two decades. Institutional efforts have been made to address the lack of socioeconomic diversity across Canada during this time. We investigated the income characteristics of medical school applicants, as well as the relationship between applicant income and offer of admission, to characterize the current state of socioeconomic diversity in medical admissions.METHODS. We conducted a retrospective cohort study on 26,120 applicants at one Ontario medical school from 2013 to 2018. Characteristics of applicants who were offered admission were compared to the general population and applicants not offered admission. Regression analyses were used to investigate the association between median total neighborhood income and successful admission.RESULTS. The median total neighborhood income for medical school applicants was $98,816, which was approximately $28,480 higher than the Canadian general population. Those not admitted to the medical school had a median total neighborhood income of $98,304 compared to $105,984 for those offered admission (p<0.001). This trend was seen in every province and territory in Canada. Median total neighborhood income was a predictor of an offer of admission; applicants in the >75th percentile income group had 54% increased odds of being offered admission when compared to applicants in the <25th percentile in our unadjusted model. Income was not significant in our adjusted models but showed that the income medians drastically shifted between pre-interview and post-interview periods, from $98,816 to $104,000 (p<0.001).CONCLUSION. Medical school applicants are from higher economic strata compared to the general population. Despite already representing a high economic stratum, a higher median total neighborhood income relative to other applicants was associated with an offer of admission.

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The impact of disability on performance in a high-stakes postgraduate surgical examination: a retrospective cohort study

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine ◽

10.1177/01410768211032573 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 014107682110325

Author(s):

R Ellis ◽

J Cleland ◽

DSG Scrimgeour ◽

AJ Lee ◽

PA Brennan

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Medical School ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Early Career ◽

Predictors Of Success ◽

Pass Rates ◽

Surgical Performance ◽

The Impact

Objective Despite rising numbers of doctors in the workforce with disabilities, little is known about the impact of disabilities on postgraduate performance. To ensure all groups are treated fairly in surgical training, it is essential to know whether any attainment differences exist in markers of surgical performance. To address this gap, we assessed the impact of disabilities on performance on the Intercollegiate Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons examination (MRCS). Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Secondary care. Participants All UK MRCS candidates attempting Part A ( n = 9600) and Part B ( n = 4560) between 2007 and 2017 with linked disability data in the UK Medical Education Database ( https://www.ukmed.ac.uk ) were included. Main outcome measures Chi-square tests and correlation coefficients established univariate associations with MRCS performance, while multiple logistic regressions identified independent predictors of success. Results Though MRCS Part B pass rates were similar ( p = 0.339), candidates with registered disabilities had significantly lower first-attempt Part A pass rates (46.3% vs. 59.8%, p < 0.001). Candidates with disabilities also performed less well in examinations taken throughout school and medical school, and after adjusting for prior academic performance and sociodemographic predictors of success, logistic regression found that candidates with disabilities were no less likely to pass MRCS than their peers (odds ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval 0.66 to 1.62). No significant variation was found in MRCS performance between type of disability or degree of limitations caused by disability ( p > 0.05). Conclusion Although candidates with registered disabilities performed less well in formal, written examinations, our data indicate that they are as likely to pass MRCS at first attempt as their peers who achieved similar grades at high school and medical school. In order to enable equity in career progression, further work is needed to investigate the causes of attainment differences in early career assessments.

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Role of students’ context in predicting academic performance at a medical school: a retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010169 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. e010169 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tamara Thiele ◽

Daniel Pope ◽

A Singleton ◽

D Stanistreet

Keyword(s):

Academic Performance ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Medical School ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort

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The influence of income on medical school admissions in Canada: a retrospective cohort study

BMC Medical Education ◽

10.1186/s12909-020-02126-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tyler Pitre ◽

Alexander Thomas ◽

Kyle Evans ◽

Aaron Jones ◽

Margo Mountjoy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Medical School ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Medical School Admissions

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The Influence of Income on Medical School Admissions in Canada: A Retrospective Cohort Study

10.21203/rs.2.22407/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tyler Pitre ◽

Alexander Thomas ◽

Kyle Evans ◽

Aaron Jones ◽

Margo Mountjoy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

General Population ◽

Medical School ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Income Group ◽

Medical School Admissions ◽

Current State ◽

Socioeconomic Diversity ◽

Neighborhood Income

Abstract BACKGROUND. The socioeconomic status of applicants to Canadian medical schools has been understudied in the past two decades. Institutional efforts have been made to address the lack of socioeconomic diversity across Canada during this time. We investigated the income characteristics of medical school applicants, as well as the relationship between applicant income and offer of admission, to characterize the current state of socioeconomic diversity in medical admissions.METHODS. We conducted a retrospective cohort study on 26,120 applicants at one Ontario medical school from 2013 to 2018. Characteristics of applicants who were offered admission were compared to the general population and applicants not offered admission. Regression analyses were used to investigate the association between median total neighborhood income and successful admission, as well as performance on admission testing criteria, including: the MMI, CASPer, GPA, and the MCAT.RESULTS. The median total neighborhood income for medical school applicants was $98,816, which was approximately $28,480 higher than the Canadian general population. Those not admitted to the medical school had a median total neighborhood income of $98,304 compared to $105,984 for those offered admission (p<0.001). This trend was seen in every province and territory in Canada. Median total neighborhood income was an independent predictor of admission; applicants in the >75 th percentile income group had 54% increased odds of being offered admission when compared to applicants in the <25 th percentile. Performance on the MCAT, MMI and CASPer were moderately associated with income; applicants’ GPAs were not associated with income.CONCLUSION. Medical school applicants are from higher economic strata compared to the general population. Despite already representing a high economic stratum, a higher median total neighborhood income relative to other applicants was associated with an offer of admission.

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The effect of medical school on postgraduate fitness to practise decisions: a retrospective cohort study

British Journal of Hospital Medicine ◽

10.12968/hmed.2013.74.10.581 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 74 (10) ◽

pp. 581-584 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alexander Sanders ◽

Celia A Taylor

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Medical School ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort

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AKI Epidemiology and Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study from the Prenephrology Era

International Journal of Nephrology ◽

10.1155/2021/5549316 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

K. Asmus ◽

S. Erfurt ◽

O. Ritter ◽

S. Patschan ◽

D. Patschan

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Renal Replacement Therapy ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Medical School ◽

Replacement Therapy ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Renal Recovery ◽

Hospital Treatment ◽

University Hospitals

Background. Acute kidney injury substantially worsens the prognosis of hospitalized patients. The Brandenburg Medical School was founded in 2014, and a nephrology section was opened in summer 2017. The aim of the study was to analyze AKI epidemiology and outcomes in one of two university hospitals belonging to the medical school. The period of interest dated from January to December 2015. Methods. The investigation was designed as a single-center, retrospective cohort study at the Brandenburg Hospital of the Brandenburg Medical School. All in-hospital patients treated between January and the end of December 2015 were included. AKI was defined as specified in the 2012 published KDIGO criteria (criteria 1 and 2). Four parameters were evaluated in particular: AKI incidence, in-hospital mortality, frequency of renal replacement therapy, and renal recovery during the stay at the hospital. Results. A total number of 5,300 patients were included in the analysis. AKI was diagnosed in 490 subjects (10.1%). The in-hospital mortality was 26%. The following conditions/parameters significantly differed between survivors (s) and nonsurviving (ns) subjects: duration of in-hospital treatment (s > ns), AKI onset (outpatient vs. in-hospital) (outpatient in s > ns), dialysis due to AKI (s < ns), vasopressor administration (s < ns), and invasive ventilation (s < ns). 5.6% received dialysis therapy, and renal recovery occurred in 31% of all surviving AKI subjects. Conclusion. Both, the AKI incidence and the frequency of dialysis were lower than reported in the literature. However, fewer subjects recovered from AKI. These discrepant findings possibly result from the lack of prehospitalization creatinine values, the lack of follow-up data, and a generally lower awareness for the need to perform renal replacement therapy in AKI.

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