Assessment of breast volume changes during human pregnancy using a three-dimensional surface assessment technique in the prospective CGATE study

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian M. Bayer ◽  
Mayada R. Bani ◽  
Michael Schneider ◽  
Ulf Dammer ◽  
Eva Raabe ◽  
...  
2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 847-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin C. Koch ◽  
Boris Adamietz ◽  
Sebastian M. Jud ◽  
Peter A. Fasching ◽  
Lothar Haeberle ◽  
...  

The Breast ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Floor N.H. Wilting ◽  
Marijn Hameeteman ◽  
Hanneke J.P. Tielemans ◽  
Dietmar J.O. Ulrich ◽  
Stefan Hummelink

2018 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 858-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tycho S. Wesselius ◽  
Arico C. Verhulst ◽  
Rinaldo D. Vreeken ◽  
Tong Xi ◽  
Thomas J. J. Maal ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid MBChB ◽  
Rachel Connell ◽  
Stephanie Dean ◽  
Rosa Micco ◽  
Naser Alotaibi ◽  
...  

Introduction Three-dimensional surface imaging (3D-SI) of the breasts enables the measurement of anthropometric distances and breast volume. These measurements may be used in surgical planning and to facilitate clear communication with patients. The aim of this study was to compare measurements using a portable 3D-SI system, Crisalix, with a more established non-mobile camera, the VECTRA XT. Methods Participants were imaged three times using the Crisalix and the VECTRA XT system. Breast volume, sternal notch to nipple distance, nipple to nipple distance and breast width were measured. Intra-observer agreement was measured using the co-efficient of variation (CV). Agreement between the two methods was represented with Bland Altman agreement plots. Results Intra-method variation was low for both methods (maximum CV 3.3% for Crisalix and 3.2% for VECTRA XT), with only nipple-to-nipple distance being statistically significant, marginally in favour of VECTRA. The mean inter-method differences were small but the limits of agreement (LoA) were wide for all parameters: best for sternal notch to nipple distance, mean difference (MD) -0.03cm and LoA 1.8 to -1.8cm; the widest LoA were for breast volume: MD 31.1cm3 and LoA 286.7 to -244.6cm3. Conclusion This is the first comparison of anthropometric distances and breast volume measured using the two most widely used 3D-SI systems, Crisalix and VECTRA XT. Intra-method variation is low but currently it would not be appropriate to use the two systems interchangeably due to the wide limits of agreement for all four parameters assessed.


2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 430-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo Yeon Lee ◽  
Min Jung Kim ◽  
Dae Hyun Lew ◽  
Seung Yong Song ◽  
Dong Won Lee

Author(s):  
Kang Liu ◽  
Titan C. Paul ◽  
Leo A. Carrilho ◽  
Jamil A. Khan

The experimental investigations were carried out of a pressurized water nuclear reactor (PWR) with enhanced surface using different concentration (0.5 and 2.0 vol%) of ZnO/DI-water based nanofluids as a coolant. The experimental setup consisted of a flow loop with a nuclear fuel rod section that was heated by electrical current. The fuel rod surfaces were termed as two-dimensional surface roughness (square transverse ribbed surface) and three-dimensional surface roughness (diamond shaped blocks). The variation in temperature of nuclear fuel rod was measured along the length of a specified section. Heat transfer coefficient was calculated by measuring heat flux and temperature differences between surface and bulk fluid. The experimental results of nanofluids were compared with the coolant as a DI-water data. The maximum heat transfer coefficient enhancement was achieved 33% at Re = 1.15 × 105 for fuel rod with three-dimensional surface roughness using 2.0 vol% nanofluids compared to DI-water.


1991 ◽  
Vol 06 (39) ◽  
pp. 3591-3600 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIROSI OOGURI ◽  
NAOKI SASAKURA

It is shown that, in the three-dimensional lattice gravity defined by Ponzano and Regge, the space of physical states is isomorphic to the space of gauge-invariant functions on the moduli space of flat SU(2) connections over a two-dimensional surface, which gives physical states in the ISO(3) Chern–Simons gauge theory. To prove this, we employ the q-analogue of this model defined by Turaev and Viro as a regularization to sum over states. A recent work by Turaev suggests that the q-analogue model itself may be related to an Euclidean gravity with a cosmological constant proportional to 1/k2, where q=e2πi/(k+2).


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