Implementation of Evidence-based Humanitarian Programs in Military-led Missions: Part I. Qualitative Gap Analysis of Current Military and International Aid Programs

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik J. Reaves ◽  
Kenneth W. Schor ◽  
Frederick M. Burkle
Keyword(s):  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Stability Operations ◽  
Measures Of Effectiveness

ABSTRACTBackground: A recent Department of Defense instruction mandates country-specific assessments, identification of interventions, and development of guidance for Department of Defense to plan, train, and prepare for the provision of humanitarian assistance in stability operations. It also directs the use of outcome-based measures of effectiveness and the establishment of processes facilitating transparency of information. Whereas this would align military-led projects closer to the standards of the international aid community, how this process will be developed and implemented within the military has not yet been determined.Methods: To begin developing an evidence-based program for military-led humanitarian aid, we conducted a qualitative gap analysis comparing information from a Web search of Department of Defense medical after-action reports, lessons learned, and expert interviews with the internationally accepted standards in humanitarian assistance impact assessment.Results: There is a major gap in the ability of the Department of Defense to assess the impact of humanitarian assistance in stability operations compared with international development standards. Of the 1000 Department of Defense after-action reports and lessons learned reviewed, only 7 (0.7%) reports refer to, but do not discuss, impact assessment or outcome-based measures of effectiveness.Conclusions: This investigation shows that the Department of Defense humanitarian assistance operations are, historically, recorded without documentation using quantifiable health data identifying which aid activities contributed directly to desired outcomes or favorable public opinion, and rarely are analyzed for effectiveness. As humanitarian assistance operations assume an ever greater role in US military strategy, it is imperative that we investigate useful impact assessment models to meet mission directives and, more important, to maximize coordination in a necessarily integrated and cooperative development environment. These findings provide baseline knowledge for the implementation of an evidence-based impact assessment process to validate future Department of Defense humanitarian assistance operations. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2008;2:230–236)

Implementation of Evidence-based Humanitarian Programs in Military-led Missions: Part II. The Impact Assessment Model

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik J. Reaves ◽  
Kenneth W. Schor ◽  
Frederick M. Burkle
Keyword(s):  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Stability Operations ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThe Department of Defense does not implement health-sector humanitarian assistance impact assessments to complement those of the international humanitarian aid community. This oversight fails to meet the recent Department of Defense Directive 3000.05 mandate calling for the application of measures of effectiveness. The decision by the Department of Defense to incorporate humanitarian assistance in stability operations should be supported by evidence-based impact assessments. This article proposes implementation of an impact assessment model in Department of Defense humanitarian assistance operations. The use of an impact assessment model will refocus previously identified information gaps from traditional military input-output management toward a greater emphasis on outcomes. This will help answer which humanitarian activities are successful, which are not, and why. Over time, the use of an impact assessment model will ensure that the Department of Defense and its operational units are learning as an organization while applying evidence-based lessons learned to future stability operations. Most important, the use of this model will both provide better understanding of the role that the Department of Defense has in humanitarian activities and help interpret and transfer these activities to the host nation and international aid community in a timely and efficient manner. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2008;2:237–244)

Providing Aid Agencies with Tools for Conflict-Sensitive Practice: Lessons Learned from Peace and Conflict Impact Assessment (PCIA)

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Leonhardt
Keyword(s):  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Conflict Analysis ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Methodological Challenges ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Peace And Conflict ◽  
Analytical Tools

Peace and Conflict Impact Assessment (PCIA) and other conflict-sensitive analytical tools are currently high on the agenda of development and humanitarian organisations. This article asks how far these tools can actually contribute to better development and humanitarian assistance in the context of conflict. For this, it attempts to match agency expectations with the existing tools for conflict analysis and impact assessment. It discusses key methodological challenges to developing conflict-sensitive tools and looks at the lessons learned from using them within aid administrations. The paper concludes on a cautious note, calling for more realistic expectations regarding the analysis that can be provided and reminding aid agencies that tools are just one element in the complex process of mainstreaming conflict-sensitivity.

WITHWomen: User Centered Approach to the Design and Development of a suite of Intimate Partner Violence Screening and Safety Planning Web-Applications (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia O'Campo ◽  
Alisa Velonis ◽  
Pearl Buhariwala ◽  
Janisha Kamalanathan ◽  
Maha Awaiz Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Safety Planning ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Mhealth Technology ◽  
The Right ◽  
Safe Access ◽  
Health Applications

BACKGROUND The popularity of mHealth technology has resulted in the development of numerous applications for almost every type of self-improvement or disease management. M- and e-health solutions for increasing awareness about and safety around partner violence is no exception. OBJECTIVE These applications allow women to control access to these resources and provide unlimited, and with the right design features, safe access when these resources are needed. Few applications, however, have been designed in close collaboration with intended users to ensure relevance and effectiveness. METHODS We report here on the design of a pair of evidence-based m- and e-health applications to facilitate early identification of unsafe relationship behaviors and tailored safety planning to reduce harm from violence including the methods by which we collaborated with and sought input from population of intended users. RESULTS The demographic characteristics of those who participated in the various surveys and interviews to inform the development of our screening and safety-decision support app are presented in (Table 2). CONCLUSIONS Finally, we share challenges we faced and lessons learned that might inform future design efforts of m- and e-health evidence-based applications.

Evidence-based Assessment

2010 ◽  
pp. 76-98
Author(s):  
John Hunsley ◽  
Eric J. Mash
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The Past ◽  
Specific Assessment ◽  
The Many ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

Evidence-based assessment relies on research and theory to inform the selection of constructs to be assessed for a specific assessment purpose, the methods and measures to be used in the assessment, and the manner in which the assessment process unfolds. An evidence-based approach to clinical assessment necessitates the recognition that, even when evidence-based instruments are used, the assessment process is a decision-making task in which hypotheses must be iteratively formulated and tested. In this chapter, we review (a) the progress that has been made in developing an evidence-based approach to clinical assessment in the past decade and (b) the many challenges that lie ahead if clinical assessment is to be truly evidence-based.

Supporting the Development of Clinical Reasoning of Preprofessional Novices in Dysphagia Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (03) ◽  
pp. 151-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Doeltgen ◽  
Stacie Attrill ◽  
Joanne Murray
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Reasoning ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Implicit Processing ◽  
Reasoning Skills

AbstractProficient clinical reasoning is a critical skill in high-quality, evidence-based management of swallowing impairment (dysphagia). Clinical reasoning in this area of practice is a cognitively complex process, as it requires synthesis of multiple sources of information that are generated during a thorough, evidence-based assessment process and which are moderated by the patient's individual situations, including their social and demographic circumstances, comorbidities, or other health concerns. A growing body of health and medical literature demonstrates that clinical reasoning skills develop with increasing exposure to clinical cases and that the approaches to clinical reasoning differ between novices and experts. It appears that it is not the amount of knowledge held, but the way it is used, that distinguishes a novice from an experienced clinician. In this article, we review the roles of explicit and implicit processing as well as illness scripts in clinical decision making across the continuum of medical expertise and discuss how they relate to the clinical management of swallowing impairment. We also reflect on how this literature may inform educational curricula that support SLP students in developing preclinical reasoning skills that facilitate their transition to early clinical practice. Specifically, we discuss the role of case-based curricula to assist students to develop a meta-cognitive awareness of the different approaches to clinical reasoning, their own capabilities and preferences, and how and when to apply these in dysphagia management practice.

Adapting an Evidence-Based Early Childhood Tier 2 Social-Emotional Learning Intervention for Web-Based Delivery

2021 ◽  
pp. 004723952110160
Author(s):  
Kristen L. Granger ◽  
Maureen A. Conroy ◽  
Kevin S. Sutherland ◽  
Edward G. Feil ◽  
Jessica Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Study Phase ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Testing Phase ◽  
Panel Review

The purpose of this article is to describe the adaptation process of an evidence-based early childhood Tier-2 intervention program, BEST in CLASS-Prekindergarten, from a face-to-face format to a web-based delivery format called BEST in CLASS-Web. We describe the three-phase iterative development process used to adapt the parent program for delivery via the web. Activities in these phases included focus groups, interviews, an expert panel review, alpha and beta testing (Phase 1), feasibility testing (Phase 2), and a pilot promise study (Phase 3). Each phase included a series of refinements and improvements to materials based on data and stakeholder feedback. Lessons learned and implications for developing and implementing professional development services via online platforms are discussed.

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