Meta-analysis of Total Effect Decomposition in the Presence of Multiple Mediators

Epidemiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
Yiwen Zhu ◽  
Franca Centorrino ◽  
John W. Jackson ◽  
Garrett M. Fitzmaurice ◽  
Linda Valeri
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Effect Decomposition

A Meta-Analysis of Marketing Communication Carryover Effects

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 990-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Köhler ◽  
Murali K. Mantrala ◽  
Sönke Albers ◽  
Vamsi K. Kanuri
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Personal Selling ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Marketing Communication ◽  
Carryover Effects ◽  
Targeted Advertising ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Empirical Generalizations

To optimally set marketing communication (“marcom”) budgets, reliable estimates of short-term elasticities and carryover effects are required. Empirical generalizations from meta-analyses of prior field studies can help guide these decisions. However, the last such meta-analysis of marcom carryover effects was performed on Koyck model–based estimates collected before 1984 and was confined to mass media advertising. The authors update and extend extant empirical generalizations via two meta-analyses of carryover estimates compiled from studies encompassing personal selling, targeted advertising, and mass media advertising, using diverse model forms, until 2015. The first is focused on and utilizes 918 estimates of the carryover proportion of the total effect, termed long-term share of the total effect, and the second focuses on 863 derivable estimates of 90% implied duration intervals. The authors find the mean long-term shares of the total effect for personal selling (.687) and targeted advertising (.650) are distinctly larger than that for mass media advertising (.523) and the corresponding median 90% implied duration intervals are 12.6, 2, and 3.4 months, respectively. The authors conclude by discussing differences by model type and the implications for marcom budget-setting and analyses.

scholarly journals Kinesio Taping Relieves Pain and Improves Isokinetic Not Isometric Muscle Strength in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10440
Author(s):  
Hsin-Yu Mao ◽  
Meng-Tzu Hu ◽  
Yea-Yin Yen ◽  
Shou-Jen Lan ◽  
Shin-Da Lee
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Conventional Therapy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Jadad Score ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Isokinetic Muscle Strength ◽  
Strength Improvement ◽  
Isometric Muscle

This study investigated the effects of kinesio taping (KT) or KT plus conventional therapy on pain, muscle strength, funrefction, and range of motion in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Data sources: Databases included PubMed, Ovid Medline, CINAHL, Airiti Library, EMBASE, and WOS search engines. Search terms related to KT and knee OA were combined and searched. Articles that met the inclusion criteria and were graded with a Jadad score ≥3 were included in a meta-analysis to calculate the total effect. The exclusion criteria were non-English-language articles, non-original articles, non-full-text articles, no description of the intervention, or articles with a Jadad score ≤2. Eleven articles were included in the meta-analysis. KT treatment had a significant small total effect on pain reduction (p < 0.001; n = 1509; standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.42; 95% CI = −0.65 to −0.18) and a significant moderate total effect on isokinetic muscle strength improvement (p = 0.001; n = 447; SMD = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.28 to 1.16). No significant total effects of KT on isometric muscle strength, time to complete functional tasks, or ROM improvement were found. KT or KT plus conventional therapy has a significant effect on pain relief and isokinetic but not isometric muscle strength improvement in patients with knee OA. KT can be an effective tool for treating knee OA pain and is especially valuable for aiding in isokinetic muscle strength. (PROSPERO register ID: CRD42021252313)

Predictors of Outcome in Cognitive and Behavioural Interventions for Irritable Bowel Syndrome. A Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mădălina Radu ◽  
Ramona Moldovan ◽  
Sebastian Pintea ◽  
Adriana Băban ◽  
Dan Dumitrașcu
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Psychosocial Distress ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Impact

Background & Aims: Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has small to medium effects in alleviating emotional distress and psychosomatic symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the mechanism through which CBT exerts its effects is less studied. Mediation analysis examines the extent to which intermediate variables explain the effect of the intervention on outcomes. The meta-analysis aims to identify and assess the impact of CBT mediators identified in previous research on IBS. Methods: An extensive search of studies investigating the effects of CBT for IBS published before January 2018 was conducted. A total of 699 studies were identified through database search and 6 studies including data from 638 patients were analysed. The selected studies had to clearly define the CBT intervention, include IBS patients, report sufficient data to allow calculation of effect sizes and provide a clear mediation analysis of one or several variables on the outcome. Results: The total effect of CBT was significant for both categories of outcomes (i.e. IBS symptom severity and psychosocial distress), with a low-to-moderate effect on psychosocial distress (r=0.222) and a medium-to-large effect on IBS symptom severity (r=0.413). In fact, the total effect of CBT on IBS symptom severity is significantly higher than the total effect on psychosocial distress Q(1)= 5.06, p= 0.024. Both behaviours and emotions (r=0.158) as well as cognitions (r=0.141) generated significant mediated effects on psychosocial distress, with no significant differences between them (Q(1)= 0.05, p=0.825). Behaviours and emotions mediated 71.1% of the total effect of CBT on psychosocial distress and cognitions mediated 63.5% of the total effect. Conclusion: Although significant for both outcomes, the statistical analysis revealed CBT interventions have a greater effect on alleviating IBS symptoms severity rather than on reducing psychological distress. Of the mediators investigated, behaviours, emotions and cognitions seem to have a small to moderating effect in reducing IBS symptom and psychological distress.

scholarly journals Robotic-Assisted Gait Training Effect on Function and Gait Speed in Subacute and Chronic Stroke Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaya Shanker Tedla ◽  
Snehil Dixit ◽  
Kumar Gular ◽  
Mohammed Abohashrh
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Subacute Stroke

Background: The review is intended to provide the effectiveness of robotic-assisted gait training (RAGT) for functional gait recovery in poststroke survivors through a systematic review and to provide evidence for gait speed improvements through the meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Summary: In this systematic review, PubMed, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, Science Direct, Science Robotics, Scopus, UpToDate, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, ­CINHAL, EMBASE, and EBSCO were reviewed to identify relevant RCTs. Articles included in the study were thoroughly examined by 2 independent reviewers. The included RCTs were having a PEDro score between 6 and 8 points. The initial database review yielded 1,371 studies and, following further screening; 9 studies finally were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis. Out of the 9 studies, 4 were on chronic stroke and 5 were on subacute stroke. The meta-analysis of gait speed showed an effect size value ranging between –0.91 and 0.64, with the total effect size of all the studies being –0.12. During subgroup analysis, the subacute stroke total effect size was identified as –0.48, and the chronic stroke total effect size was noted as 0.04. Meta-analysis revealed no significant differences between RAGT and conventional gait training (CGT). Key Messages: Our systematic review revealed that the RAGT application demonstrated a better or similar effect to that of CGT in a poststroke population. A meta-analysis of gait speed involving all the studies identified here indicated no significant differences between RAGT and CGT. However, the subanalysis of chronic stroke survivors showed a slight positive effect of RAGT on gait speed.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Mediation Analysis Using Natural Effect Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (11) ◽  
pp. 1427-1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murthy N Mittinty ◽  
Stijn Vansteelandt
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Inverse Probability ◽  
Effect Decomposition ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Longitudinal Measurements ◽  
Measured Time ◽  
Structural Mean Models ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Mediation analysis is concerned with the decomposition of the total effect of an exposure on an outcome into the indirect effect, through a given mediator, and the remaining direct effect. This is ideally done using longitudinal measurements of the mediator, which capture the mediator process more finely. However, longitudinal measurements pose challenges for mediation analysis, because the mediators and outcomes measured at a given time point can act as confounders for the association between mediators and outcomes at a later time point; these confounders are themselves affected by the prior exposure and outcome. Such posttreatment confounding cannot be dealt with using standard methods (e.g., generalized estimating equations). Analysis is further complicated by the need for so-called cross-world counterfactuals to decompose the total effect. This work addresses these challenges. In particular, we introduce so-called natural effect models, which parameterize the direct and indirect effect of a baseline exposure with respect to a longitudinal mediator and outcome. These can be viewed as a generalization of marginal structural mean models to enable effect decomposition. We introduce inverse probability weighting techniques for fitting these models, adjusting for (measured) time-varying confounding of the mediator-outcome association. Application of this methodology uses data from the Millennium Cohort Study, a longitudinal study of children born in the United Kingdom between September 2000 and January 2002.

scholarly journals Shen Song Yang Xin Capsule Combined with Antiarrhythmic Drugs, a New Integrative Medicine Therapy, for the Treatment of Frequent Premature Ventricular Contractions (FPVC): A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Bo Feng
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Antiarrhythmic Drugs ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Ventricular Premature Contraction ◽  
Premature Ventricular Contractions ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Objective. To evaluate the beneficial and adverse effects of Shen Song Yang Xin Capsule (SSYX Capsule) combined with antiarrhythmic drugs for the treatment of frequent premature ventricular contractions (FPVC).Methods. Seven electronic databases were searched to retrieve any potential randomized controlled trials (RCTs) designed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of SSYX Capsule combined with Antiarrhythmic Drugs for FPVC reported in any language, with total effect for FPVC and number of ventricular premature contraction as the main outcome measure. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using criteria from the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Review of Interventions, Version 5.1.0, and analysed using RevMan 5.1.0 software.Results. Sixteen RCTs of SSYX Capsule were included. The methodological quality of the trials was generally evaluated as low. The results of meta-analysis showed that SSYX Capsule combined with antiarrhythmic drugs was more effective in total effect for FPVC and number of ventricular premature contraction compared with Antiarrhythmic Drugs in patients with FPVC or FPVC complicated by other diseases. Ten of the trials reported adverse events, indicating that the safety of SSYX Capsule is still uncertain.Conclusions. There is some but weak evidence about SSYX Capsule combined with antiarrhythmic drugs appearing to be more effective in total effect for FPVC and number of ventricular premature contraction in patients with FPVC and its complications.

scholarly journals The development of respect in young athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252643
Author(s):  
Manuel Tomás Abad Robles ◽  
Benjamín Navarro Domínguez ◽  
José Antonio Cerrada Nogales ◽  
Francisco Javier Giménez Fuentes-Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Control Effort ◽  
Social Conventions ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background The practice of sports can lead to the development of values such as respect, self-control, effort, autonomy and leadership. However, sport can only foster educational habits and values if it is properly timed and specifically focused towards that end. The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of interventions on the development and promotion of respect in the practice of sport among young people. Methods A systematic search was conducted, according to the guidelines of the PRISMA declaration, in the Web of Science (WOS), PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Google Scholar and SportDiscus databases. A total of 6 articles were considered to meet the inclusion criteria for the promotion of respect. Criteria for inclusion included: the full text needed to be available; it should be written in one of the selected languages: English, Spanish and Portuguese; it should be an intervention, an experimental or quasi-experimental study or a randomized controlled trial. Each manuscript was independently reviewed by three authors of this work. Results The results of the meta-analyses showed that the Siedentop sports education model, and Hellison’s personal and social responsibility model (TPRS), had significant improvements regarding respect for opponents (total effect size = 0.39, small effect, with 95% Confidence Interval of 0.07 to 0.72). In addition, these models, along with another programme called Fair Play, also achieved significant increases as regards respect for the social conventions of sport (total effect size = 0.67, moderate effect, with 95% IC from 0.25 to 1.10). Conclusions In conclusion, the use of interventions related to the above-mentioned models is recommended when it is intended to encourage respect for opponents and social conventions. These considerations could be useful to both teachers and coaches in order to further cultivate these important attitudes.

The effects of low-ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA on biomarkers of inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yali Wei ◽  
Yan Meng ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Liyong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Long Chain

The purpose of the systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine if low-ratio n-6/n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation affects serum inflammation markers based on current studies.

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