Sleep quality and its association with postural stability and fear of falling among Spanish postmenopausal women

Abstract Objectives Body composition shifts as we age, resulting in loss of skeletal muscle mass with an increase in fat mass, which is linked to disruptions in sleep-wake rhythms and mood disturbance. Current evidence suggests protein and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (O3FA) individually augment sleep quality and attenuate depression, but a concomitant effect is yet to be determined. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of protein and O3FA supplementation on regulation of sleep and mood states in postmenopausal women. Methods Overweight, postmenopausal women (60.6 ± 9.0 years; BMI: 28.1 ± 6.9) participated in this randomized, controlled, single-blinded, 16 wk dietary intervention. Participants were allocated to 1 of 5 groups: 1) control, no INT (n = 6); 2) whey protein isolate (PRO; 25 g/d; n = 4); 3) O3FA (DHA/EPA; 4.3 g/d; n = 10); 4) PRO + soy bean oil (4.3 g/d) placebo (n = 6), and 5) PRO + O3FA (n = 8). Sleep (via Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Global Sleeping Score; PSQI GSS) and total mood disturbances; (TMD; via Profile of Mood States (POMS)) including six affect states of depression, fatigue, anger, tension, confusion, and vigor subscales were assessed at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 wks. Sleep was measured at 0, 8, and 16 wk via wrist Actigraphy. Body composition was measured via DXA at 0 and 16 wk. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA to assess the relationship between diet, sleep, and mood states over time. Results Overall, all interventions improved PSQI GSS (P < 0.05) by 16 wks. There was a trend for all interventions to improve sleep efficiency (P = 0.06), with no effect on total sleep time. All interventions improved TMD (P < 0.05) and vigor (P < 0.001), with a trend on depression (P = 0.06). PRO, O3FA, and O3FA + PRO significantly improved vigor at 12-wks (P < 0.01). PRO alone significantly improved vigor at 16 wk (P < 0.001) compared to CON. There was no significant effect of intervention on body composition. However, PRO, O3FA, and PRO + O3FA had a positive (564.7 ± 681.4 g) and the CON had a negative (−171.0 ± 991.6) net change of total lean mass at 16 wks. Conclusions This pilot study suggests that PRO, O3FA, and PRO + O3FA have potential to improve sleep and mood in overweight, postmenopausal women. Additional research is needed to determine the long-term individual and concomitant effect of PRO and O3FA on sleep and mood states. NCT0303041. Funding Sources Arkansas Biosciences Institute.

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Effects of Mind–Body Interventions Involving Meditative Movements on Quality of Life, Depressive Symptoms, Fear of Falling and Sleep Quality in Older Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17186556 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (18) ◽

pp. 6556

Author(s):

Manuel Weber ◽

Thiemo Schnorr ◽

Mareike Morat ◽

Tobias Morat ◽

Lars Donath

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Fear Of Falling ◽

Randomized Controlled

Background: The aim of the present systematic meta-analytical review was to quantify the effects of different mind–body interventions (MBI) involving meditative movements on relevant psychological health outcomes (i.e., quality of life (QoL), depressive symptoms, fear of falling (FoF) and sleep quality) in older adults without mental disorders. Methods: A structured literature search was conducted in five databases (Ovid, PsycINFO, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science). Inclusion criteria were: (i) the study was a (cluster) randomized controlled trial, (ii) the subjects were aged ≥59 years without mental illnesses, (iii) an intervention arm performing MBI compared to a non-exercise control group (e.g., wait-list or usual care), (iv) psychological health outcomes related to QoL, depressive symptoms, FoF or sleep quality were assessed and (v) a PEDro score of ≥5. The interventions of the included studies were sub-grouped into Tai Chi/Qigong (TCQ) and Yoga/Pilates (YP). Statistical analyses were conducted using a random-effects inverse-variance model. Results: Thirty-seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (comprising 3224 participants) were included. Small to moderate-but-significant overall effect sizes favoring experimental groups (Hedges’ g: 0.25 to 0.71) compared to non-exercise control groups were observed in all outcomes (all p values ≤ 0.007), apart from one subdomain of quality of life (i.e., social functioning, p = 0.15). Interestingly, a significant larger effect on QoL and depressive symptoms with increasing training frequency was found for TCQ (p = 0.03; p = 0.004). Conclusions: MBI involving meditative movements may serve as a promising opportunity to improve psychological health domains such as QoL, depressive symptoms, FoF and sleep quality in older adults. Hence, these forms of exercise may represent potential preventive measures regarding the increase of late-life mental disorders, which need to be further confirmed by future research.

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