Financial return-on-investment of ophthalmic interventions

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa M. Brown ◽  
Gary C. Brown ◽  
Heidi B. Lieske ◽  
P. Alexander Lieske
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 950-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L. McQuaid ◽  
Aris Garro ◽  
Ronald Seifer ◽  
S. Katharine Hammond ◽  
Belinda Borrelli

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 488
Author(s):  
Sandra G Leggat

THE REVIEW OF the 60-year history of the Australian Healthcare and Hospitals Association highlights the important role of information and information management in enhancing the Australian health care system. In 1990 Peter Read, the National Director of the (then) Australian Hospital Association, suggested that the health system would soon have hospitals where there are proper information systems which allow managers to identify problem areas by intra and inter hospital comparisons; hospitals where managers know how much treatment does cost and more importantly how much it should cost; and hospitals where the incentives encourage efficient high quality care and where payment received has some relevance to the cost of treatment given.1 But 2007 is almost over and, as outlined by Jared Dart our n=1 author (page 510), we are still waiting! Government funders and health service organisations typically view information as a cost to be managed and not as an asset in which to invest. While investment in health care information management and technology cannot often be justified on economic or financial terms (that is, the financial return on investment [ROI]), a broader perspective that included the positive impact on the quality of care, the improvement in patient safety and patient satisfaction, and the reduction in social costs would favourably tip the investment scale. A paradigm shift is required to balance an overriding concern with return on investment with return to care. This issue focuses on work that is being completed on information foundations (pages 523, 531, 540 and 546), exploitation of technology (page 527) and the use of information to improve care. I would like to draw your attention to the paper by Watson, Rayner, and Lumley from Mother and Child Health Research that outlines their experience in obtaining ethics approval for a study of preterm birth (page 514). This paper provides an example of the information inefficiencies that we have created and perpetuate in our health care system. Don?t miss this issue?s Models of Care paper by Francis and colleagues (page 499) and the concept of health in older age (page 642).


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dumsani Mandla Gumede ◽  
Myra Taylor ◽  
Jane Kvalsvig

Abstract Background: In order to improve health in low- and middle- income countries the basic health infrastructure needs to be upgraded. Part of the problem is the shortage of skilled healthcare professionals (HCP) particularly in rural areas. The Umthombo Youth Development Foundation (UYDF) is a non-profit organisation (NPO) established in 1999 to assist in addressing shortage of HCPs in rural areas. The aim of this study is to measure the success of the UYDF bursary scheme in achieving this goal by calculating the cost of supporting rural students and estimating the benefits in relieving the shortage in terms of the financial return on investment.Methods: The sources of the data were the UYDF organisational records (finance, human resources and procurement), supplemented by the published and unpublished UYDF reports. The return on investment was estimated through the use of an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) calculation.Results: The UYDF database of beneficiaries showed that by the year 2017 a total of 337 HCPs had graduated and a further 254 were still studying. An average of R17 million was spent every year on the students or R102 015 per student per year. The IRR was 63% higher than interest rates on commercial loans. These graduates are expected to generate an estimated R15 billion in lifetime earnings, which would be equal to R4 billion at current prices.Conclusion: The UYDF scheme relieved the shortage of HCPs in rural hospitals, and the hospitals were able to retain the service of many of the locally sourced HCPs. The costs of implementing the bursary scheme were outweighed by the income generated from salaries, and taxes contributed to the country’s economic development.


Author(s):  
Jobina Li ◽  
Cameron McIntosh

This chapter provides a cost-benefit analysis of developmental crime prevention. From a life-course perspective, developmental prevention offers an intriguing solution to address growing concerns regarding current criminal justice practices, given the growing body of research that suggests that this type of intervention is both results-oriented and fiscally responsible. To this end, this chapter lays out the case for the economics of developmental crime prevention. It next provides an overview of the methodological basis, and related considerations, of a cost-benefit analysis, which assigns monetary values to program outcomes relative to program costs so as to provide an estimate of the financial return on investment. The chapter then reviews the leading cost-benefit analysis studies in developmental crime prevention today and offers a glimpse at the future of such research.


2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Daniel Givens ◽  
Benjamin W. Newcomer

AbstractPrograms for control and eradication of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) are often considered prudent when the expense of a control program within a specified time frame effectively prevents loss due to disease and the expense of control does not exceed the costs associated with infection. In some geographic areas, concerns about animal welfare or desires to reduce antibiotic usage may motivate BVDV control even when control programs are associated with a lack of financial return on investment. In other geographic areas, concerns about financial return on investment may be the key motivating factor in considering implementation of BVDV control programs. Past experiences indicate that systematic, well-coordinated control programs have a clear potential for success, while voluntary control programs in cultures of distributed decision-making often result in notable initial progress that ultimately ends in dissolution of efforts. Segmentation of the cattle industry into cow–calf producers, stocker/backgrounders, and feedlot operators amplifies the distribution of decision-making regarding control programs and may result in control measures for one industry segment that are associated with significant costs and limited rewards. Though the host range of BVDV extends well beyond cattle, multiple eradication programs that focus only on testing and removal of persistently infected (PI) cattle have proven to be effective in various countries. While some individuals consider education of producers to be sufficient to stimulate eradication of BVDV, research surrounding the adoption of innovative health care procedures suggests that the process of adopting BVDV control programs has a social element. Collegial interactions and discussions may be crucial in facilitating the systematic implementation necessary to optimize the long-term success of control programs. Compulsory control programs may be considered efficient and effective in some regions; however, in a nation where individual identification of cattle remains voluntary, the likelihood of effective compulsion to control BVDV within a farm or ranch appears to be very unlikely. While currently available diagnostic tests are sufficient to support BVDV eradication via systematic, well-coordinated programs, the development of a diagnostic procedure to safely and consistently detect the gestation of a PI fetus after 5 months of gestation would be a valuable research breakthrough. This desired testing modality would allow diagnosis of PI calves, while the dam continues to provide biocontainment of the infected fetus. This development could speed the progress of control programs in achieving the goal of BVDV control and eventual eradication.


2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Gary ◽  
Christine A. Denison ◽  
Marvin L. Bouillon

ABSTRACT: Recently, concerns have been raised regarding the shortage of Ph.D. students in accounting. In the immediate future, the number of retirements in accounting academia is likely to exceed the number of qualified replacements. Many speculate that accountants are deterred from pursuing a Ph.D. by the opportunity costs involved. This study places those concerns in a larger context by comparing those opportunity costs to the potential financial payoff to the degree recipient from a career in accounting academia. We conduct a simulation, exploring several hypothetical career paths. Results indicate that it is possible to earn a positive return on investment for a Ph.D. degree across a variety of assumptions. In the scenarios we examine, the return on investment is higher for those leaving public accounting sooner and for those spending less time in Ph.D. programs. This finding informs current efforts to promote academia as a viable career path in accounting, providing potential students with a financial justification to pursue a Ph.D.


2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cashandra C. Jasson ◽  
Cookie Govender

Orientation: Organisations face productivity and efficiency challenges brought on by global pressure. To cope with the challenges, they seek to develop and enhance their human capital as a source of sustainable competitive advantage. Evidence suggests that less than 10% of what is learned on training courses is applied effectively to enhance performance and business results.Research purpose: This abstract research critically examined existing training evaluation models to propose a new model.Motivation for the study: Smart investment in scarce and critical skills development by means of training is expected to enhance human capital; however, the challenge lies with the uncertainty in whether the return on these investments are measured and whether training risks are managed.Research design, approach and method: Theoretical, abstract research was conducted to understand existing measurement and evaluation models of training with regard to costs, benefits and risks.Main findings: This conceptual paper resulted in a new business model to measure training return on investment and risks. The proposed model adapted and built on the Kirkpatrick-–Phillips training evaluation model, adding a sixth, risk evaluation step and specifying measurement factors for each step.Practical and managerial implications: Training and line managers must note that although the evaluation of trainee’s satisfaction, learning, application, impact and financial return is imperative and must be measured, ignoring the measurement of risk factors such as learning barriers and challenges may jeopardise the ability of leaders and managers to predict how investments in human capital development will impact business results.


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