Radiation dose of 18F-FDG to lactating breasts, its effect on the effective dose and a more accurate effective dose from 18F-FDG

Background: Concern has been raised regarding the mounting collective radiation doses from computed tomography (CT), increasing the risk of radiation-induced cancers in exposed populations. Purpose: To compare radiation dose and image quality in a chest phantom and in patients for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) at 100 and 120 peak kilovoltage (kVp) using 16-multichannel detector computed tomography (MDCT). Material and Methods: A 20-ml syringe containing 12 mg I/ml was scanned in a chest phantom at 100/120 kVp and 25 milliampere seconds (mAs). Consecutive patients underwent 100 kVp ( n = 50) and 120 kVp ( n = 50) 16-MDCT using a “quality reference” effective mAs of 100, 300 mg I/kg, and a 12-s injection duration. Attenuation (CT number), image noise (1 standard deviation), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR; fresh clot = 70 HU) of the contrast medium syringe and pulmonary arteries were evaluated on 3-mm-thick slices. Subjective image quality was assessed. Computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) and dose–length product (DLP) were presented by the CT software, and effective dose was estimated. Results: Mean values in the chest phantom and patients changed as follows when X-ray tube potential decreased from 120 to 100 kVp: attenuation +23% and +40%, noise +38% and +48%, CNR −6% and 0%, and CTDIvol −38% and −40%, respectively. Mean DLP and effective dose in the patients decreased by 42% and 45%, respectively. Subjective image quality was excellent or adequate in 49/48 patients at 100/120 kVp. No patient with a negative CT had any thromboembolism diagnosed during 3-month follow-up. Conclusion: By reducing X-ray tube potential from 120 to 100 kVp, while keeping all other scanning parameters unchanged, the radiation dose to the patient may be almost halved without deterioration of diagnostic quality, which may be of particular benefit in young individuals.

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Radiation exposure during the treatment of spinal deformities

The Bone & Joint Journal ◽

10.1302/0301-620x.103b.bjj-2020-1416.r3 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Jwalant S. Mehta ◽

Kirsten Hodgson ◽

Lu Yiping ◽

James Swee Beng Kho ◽

Ravindra Thimmaiah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radiation Dose ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Effective Dose ◽

Spinal Deformity ◽

Background Radiation ◽

Ct Scans ◽

Intraoperative Fluoroscopy ◽

The Difference ◽

Risk Of Cancer ◽

Surgical Group

Aims To benchmark the radiation dose to patients during the course of treatment for a spinal deformity. Methods Our radiation dose database identified 25,745 exposures of 6,017 children (under 18 years of age) and adults treated for a spinal deformity between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2016. Patients were divided into surgical (974 patients) and non-surgical (5,043 patients) cohorts. We documented the number and doses of ionizing radiation imaging events (radiographs, CT scans, or intraoperative fluoroscopy) for each patient. All the doses for plain radiographs, CT scans, and intraoperative fluoroscopy were combined into a single effective dose by a medical physicist (milliSivert (mSv)). Results There were more ionizing radiation-based imaging events and higher radiation dose exposures in the surgical group than in the non-surgical group (p < 0.001). The difference in effective dose for children between the surgical and non-surgical groups was statistically significant, the surgical group being significantly higher (p < 0.001). This led to a higher estimated risk of cancer induction for the surgical group (1:222 surgical vs 1:1,418 non-surgical). However, the dose difference for adults was not statistically different between the surgical and non-surgical groups. In all cases the effective dose received by all cohorts was significantly higher than that from exposure to natural background radiation. Conclusion The treatment of spinal deformity is radiation-heavy. The dose exposure is several times higher when surgical treatment is undertaken. Clinicians should be aware of this and review their practices in order to reduce the radiation dose where possible.

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Radiation Dose Evaluation of Typical Design Basis Accident for Advanced PWR in China

10.1115/icone28-61090 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Haiying Chen ◽

Shaowei Wang ◽

Xinlu Tian ◽

Fudong Liu

Keyword(s):

Radiation Dose ◽

Effective Dose ◽

Half Life ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Outer Boundary ◽

Design Basis ◽

Loss Of Coolant Accident ◽

Design Basis Accident ◽

Typical Design ◽

Total Effective Dose

Abstract The loss of coolant accident (LOCA) is one of the typical design basis accidents for nuclear power plant. Radionuclides leak to the environment and cause harm to the public in LOCA. Accurate evaluation of radioactivity and radiation dose in accident is crucial. The radioactivity and radiation dose model in LOCA were established, and used to analyze the radiological consequence at exclusion area boundary (EAB) and the outer boundary of low population zone (LPZ) for Hualong 1. The results indicated that the long half-life nuclides, such as 131I, 133I, 135I, 85Kr, 131mXe, 133mXe and 133Xe, released to environment continuously, while the short half-life nuclides, such as 132I, 134I, 83mKr, 85mKr, 87Kr, 88Kr, 135mXe and 138Xe, no longer released to environment after a few hours in LOCA. 133Xe may release the largest radioactivity to environment, more than 1015Bq. Inhalation dose was the major contribution to the total effective dose. The total effective dose and thyroid dose of Hualong 1 at EAB and the outer boundary of LPZ fully met the requirements of Chinese GB6249.

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Quantifying murine bone marrow and blood radiation dose response following 18F-FDG PET with DNA damage biomarkers

Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis ◽

10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.09.002 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 770 ◽

pp. 29-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Grainne Manning ◽

Kristina Taylor ◽

Paul Finnon ◽

Jennifer A. Lemon ◽

Douglas R. Boreham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Radiation Dose ◽

Dose Response ◽

Fdg Pet ◽

Murine Bone Marrow ◽

18F Fdg

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Radiation Dose to Patients and Personnel during Fluoroscopy at Percutaneous Renal Stone Extraction

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1177/028418518903000217 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 201-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

K. Geterud ◽

A. Larsson ◽

S. Mattsson

Keyword(s):

Radiation Dose ◽

Effective Dose ◽

Renal Stone ◽

Absorbed Dose ◽

Effective Dose Equivalent ◽

Dose Equivalent ◽

Organ Doses ◽

The Mean ◽

Total Effective Dose Equivalent ◽

Total Effective Dose

The radiation dose to patients and personnel was estimated during 11 percutaneous renal stone extractions. For the patients the energy imparted, the mean absorbed dose to various organs, and the effective dose equivalent were estimated. For different personnel categories some organ doses and the effective dose equivalent were also estimated. Large differences in the radiation dose between patients were observed. The mean effective dose equivalent to the patient was 4.2 (range 0.6–8.3) mSv, and the energy imparted 285 (range 50–500) mJ. These figures are comparable to those reported for routine colon examination and urography. For the personnel there were also large differences between individuals and categories. The highest radiation dose was received by the radiologist. It was estimated that a radiologist who performs 150 percutaneous renal stone extractions per year will receive a yearly contribution to his/her effective dose equivalent of 2.4 mSv. Even when the contribution from other diagnostic and interventional radiologic procedures is added, the total effective dose equivalent hardly exceeds 5 mSv or 1/10 of the present dose limit for persons engaged in radiologic work. For the hands of the radiologist there is a risk of doses closer to the present limit for single organs or tissues of 500 mSv/year.

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Effective ?-radiation Dose on Chitosan for Preservation of Mangoes (Mangifera indica)

Jahangirnagar University Environmental Bulletin ◽

10.3329/jueb.v2i0.16328 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 35-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ashna Islam ◽

Mahfuza Sharifa Sultana ◽

Fahmida Parvin ◽

Mubarak A Khan

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Radiation Dose ◽

Shelf Life ◽

Effective Dose ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Color Change ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Chitosan Solution ◽

Effective Radiation Dose ◽

Effective Radiation

The effective dose of ? radiation on chitosan for mango preservation was studies in this work. The 2% chitosan solution was irradiated with at various total doses (50-200 kGy). The mature green mangoes were soaked in un-irradiated and irradiated chitosan solutions and then they were stored at normal room temperature. The percentage of weight loss, color change and percentage of spoilage were observed for 15 days in control, un-irradiated and irradiated chitosan coated mangoes. The overall results showed the superiority of 50 kGy and 100 kGy irradiated chitosan in extending shelf life of mango as comared to control, un-irradiated and 120 kGy to 200 kGy irradiated chitosan. Jahangirnagar University Environmental Bulletin, Vol.2, 35-40, 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jueb.v2i0.16328

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Is Biological Effective Dose (BED) Predictive of Outcomes After Radiosurgery for Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations?

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1093/neuros/nyz310_689 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 66 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Cody L Nesvick ◽

Christopher S Graffeo ◽

Michael J Link ◽

Bruce E Pollock

Keyword(s):

Radiation Dose ◽

Effective Dose ◽

Arteriovenous Malformations ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Continuous Variable ◽

Biological Effective Dose ◽

Excellent Outcome

Abstract INTRODUCTION Reports have shown that radiation dose directly correlates with the chance of nidus obliteration after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). However, recent studies have shown that the rate of obliteration was greater in patients having SRS before 2000. As the effect of radiation on cell viability is both dose- and time-dependent, one explanation may be that contemporary SRS, which utilizes more isocenters of radiation to improve dose conformality, takes longer to deliver the same radiation dose, thereby reducing its effectiveness. Biological effective dose (BED) is a metric that incorporates both dose and treatment time and has been shown to correlate with enhanced cell kill in Vitro, as well as normal tissue toxicity in animal models. METHODS A retrospective study of patients having single-session AVM SRS between 1990 and 2009 with a minimum of 2 yr follow-up. Excluded were patients having prior radiation or embolization, as well as patients having volume-staged SRS. BED was calculated using the mono-exponential model described by Jones and Hopewell. The primary outcomes of the study were time to obliteration and chance of excellent outcome (nidus obliteration with no new deficits). RESULTS Three hundred twenty-one patients (328 AVMs) met inclusion criteria (median follow-up, 6.7 yr). BED was associated with both decreased time to obliteration and excellent outcome in univariate Cox regression analyses, both when treated as a dichotomous (P = .002, HR = 1.51 for obliteration; P = .001, HR = 1.61 for outcome) or continuous variable (P = .049, HR = 1.002 for obliteration; P = .01, HR = 1.00 for outcome). In multivariable analyses including dichotomized BED and modified Radiosurgery-Based Arteriovenous Malformation Score as covariates, BED remained significantly associated with both time to obliteration (P = .01, HR = 1.46) and excellent outcome (P = .04, HR = 1.40). CONCLUSION BED was predictive of outcomes after AVM SRS. Further study is warranted to determine whether BED optimization should be considered as well as a prescribed treatment dose for SRS treatment planning.

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Computational delineation and quantitative heterogeneity analysis of lung tumor on 18F-FDG PET for radiation dose-escalation

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-018-28818-8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiuying Wang ◽

Hui Cui ◽

Guanzhong Gong ◽

Zheng Fu ◽

Jianlong Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radiation Dose ◽

Dose Escalation ◽

Fdg Pet ◽

Lung Tumor ◽

Heterogeneity Analysis ◽

18F Fdg

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EFFECTS OF THE SCAN RANGE ON RADIATION DOSE IN THE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY COMPONENT OF ONCOLOGY POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY/COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

Radiation Protection Dosimetry ◽

10.1093/rpd/ncy210 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 185 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yusuke Inoue ◽

Kazunori Nagahara ◽

Hiroko Kudo ◽

Hiroyasu Itoh

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Positron Emission Tomography ◽

Radiation Dose ◽

Effective Dose ◽

The Body ◽

Emission Tomography ◽

Whole Body ◽

Computed Tomography Images ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Proximal Thigh

Abstract We performed phantom experiments to investigate radiation dose in the computed tomography component of oncology positron emission tomography/computed tomography in relation to the scan range. Computed tomography images of an anthropomorphic whole-body phantom were obtained from the head top to the feet, from the head top to the proximal thigh or from the skull base to the proximal thigh. Automatic exposure control using the posteroanterior and lateral scout images offered reasonable tube current modulation corresponding to the body thickness. However, when the posteroanterior scout alone was used, unexpectedly high current was applied in the head and upper chest. When effective dose was calculated on a region-by-region basis, it did not differ greatly irrespective of the scan range. In contrary, when effective dose was estimated simply by multiplying the scanner-derived dose-length product by a single conversion factor, estimates increased definitely with the scan range, indicating severe overestimation in whole-body imaging.

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