Impact of histopathology of non-neoplastic thyroid tissue on ablation outcome in patients with papillary thyroid cancer

Thyroid carcinoma is the majority widespread endocraine malignancy in that papillary thyroid cancer is a well-differentiated type. Since hyperthyroidism protects from thyroid cancer due to lack of reproduction of thyroid tissue by the thyroid-stimulating hormone. The papillary carcinoma is the fast-growing and metastases to local region rapidly. A 60 years old post menopausal women with a known case of hypertension of past 6 years on treatment and with hyperthyroidism of past 2 months was presented in the outpatient department in the hospital with chief complaints of mass in the neck with dyphagia, cough, breathlessness, sense of fullness and odynophagia of past 2 weeks. On physical and general examination patient found with diffuse thyroid swelling with enlarged right sided lymph node. The patient was diagnosed with papillary thyroid caricinoma with various investigation reports includes CT Scan, Immouno history chemistry reports, Histopathology and Two fine-needle aspiration biopsies. The patient has undergone 6 cycles of chemotherapy with the corticosteroids, anti-cancer drugs which includes Vincristine, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, anti- emetic drugs and also with H2 receptor blockers. The papillary thyroid cancer is common and occurs predominantly in females than in males and with good prognosis and decreased death rates. The higher level of thyroid function is very rare in case of PTC.

Download Full-text

Incidental Scintigraphic Finding of Ovarian Teratoma Containing Normal Thyroid Tissue on Post–Radioactive Iodine Therapy for Papillary Thyroid Cancer

Clinical Nuclear Medicine ◽

10.1097/rlu.0b013e318286bdbc ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 467-468 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mathieu Gauthé ◽

Antony Kelly ◽

Catherine Dejax ◽

Florent Cachin ◽

Nicolas Bourdel

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Radioactive Iodine ◽

Thyroid Tissue ◽

Ovarian Teratoma ◽

Radioactive Iodine Therapy ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽

Normal Thyroid ◽

Scintigraphic Finding

Download Full-text

Expression of transcription and growth factors and the AKT/m-TOR signaling pathway components in papillary thyroid cancer

Problems of Endocrinology ◽

10.14341/probl9310 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 208-215

Author(s):

Liudmila V. Spirina ◽

Sventlana Yu. Chizhevskaya ◽

Irina V. Kondakova

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factors ◽

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Growth Factors ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Mrna Level ◽

Thyroid Tissue ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Benign Lesions ◽

Tor Signaling

Background: The molecular mechanism of thyroid cancer development is associated with changes in expression of transcription factors and growth factors accompanied by modified level of the AKT/m-TOR components. Aims. The aim of study was to determine NF-κB p65, NF-κB p50, HIF-1α, HIF-2α, VEGF, CAIX, VEGFR2 expression and mRNA level of the AKT/m-TOR signaling pathway components in papillary thyroid cancer compared to those in benign lesions. Material and methods: Forty patients aged 33—66 years with T1-4N0-2M0 papillary thyroid cancer (7 males and 33 females) were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 52.0±2.6 years. The comparison group included patients with benign lesions of thyroid tissue (4 males and 18 females) aged 38—66 years (mean age, 53.0±4.4 years). Expression levels of NF-κB p65, NF-κB p50, HIF-1α, HIF-2α, VEGF, CAIX, VEGFR2, and the AKT/m-TOR signaling pathway components were determined by RT-PCR using specific primers. Results: Increased expression of transcription factors NF-κB and HIF-2α was found in papillary thyroid cancer. The levels of AKT and PTEN mRNA were elevated in transformed tissues. c-Raf expression was reduced 2.1-fold in cancer compared to that in thyroid tissues with benign lesions. Multiple positive correlations were revealed between transcription and growth factors and the AKT/m-TOR signaling pathway components in cancer. An association between PTEN expression and the NF-κB mRNA level was revealed, being a sign of deregulation in the signaling cascade in cancer tissues. Conclusions: Overexpression of NF-κB, HIF-2α, AKT, PTEN and reduction of c-Raf expression is typical of thyroid papillary cancer.

Download Full-text

Incidental finding of ovarian teratoma on post-therapy scan for papillary thyroid cancer and impact of SPECT/CT imaging

Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia ◽

10.1590/s0004-27302011000700010 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 55 (7) ◽

pp. 490-493 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Anwar Ali Jammah ◽

Albert Driedger ◽

Irina Rachinsky

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Photon Emission ◽

Thyroid Tissue ◽

Cystic Teratoma ◽

Whole Body ◽

Ovarian Teratoma ◽

Emission Computed Tomography ◽

Papillary Thyroid

A 41-year old woman post thyroidectomy and neck dissection is presented in this case. She initially presented goiter and an enlarged cervical lymph node. She had no family history of cancer or radiation therapy. She had total thyroidectomy and found to have papillary thyroid cancer (T4N1M0). Histopathology report revealed multifocal classical papillary thyroid carcinoma with lympho-vascular invasion, extra-thyroidal extension, and positive lymph nodes. She was treated with 6.5 Gigabecquerel (GBq) of 131Iodine. Whole-body scan showed uptake in the neck and large focus in the left lower abdomen. Single-photon emission computed tomography SPECT/CT demonstrated a round shaped mass in the left pelvis. Pathology revealed cystic teratoma with benign thyroid tissue (struma ovarii), and no malignancy. Two months later, she had the second treatment with 5.5 GBq 131Iodine. Her follow-up stimulated and non-stimulated thyroglobulin levels were significantly lower, and there was no abnormal uptake in the follow-up scan.

Download Full-text

Germ-line mutations in WDR77 predispose to familial papillary thyroid cancer

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.2026327118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 118 (31) ◽

pp. e2026327118

Author(s):

Yanyang Zhao ◽

Tian Yu ◽

Jie Sun ◽

Feiliang Wang ◽

Chaoze Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Splice Site ◽

Messenger Rna ◽

Germ Line ◽

Thyroid Tissue ◽

Splice Site Mutation ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

Site Mutation

The inheritance of predisposition to nonsyndromic familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) remains unclear. Here, we report six individuals with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in two unrelated nonsyndromic FNMTC families. Whole-exome sequencing revealed two germ-line loss-of-function variants occurring within a 28-bp fragment of WDR77, which encodes a core member of a transmethylase complex formed with the protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 that is responsible for histone H4 arginine 3 dimethylation (H4R3me2) in frogs and mammals. To date, the association of WDR77 with susceptibility to cancer in humans is unknown. A very rare heterozygous missense mutation (R198H) in WDR77 exon 6 was identified in one family of three affected siblings. A heterozygous splice-site mutation (c.619+1G > C) at the 5′ end of intron 6 is present in three affected members from another family. The R198H variant impairs the interaction of WDR77 with PRMT5, and the splice-site mutation causes exon 6 skipping and results in a marked decrease in mutant messenger RNA, accompanied by obviously reduced H4R3me2 levels in mutation carriers. Knockdown of WDR77 results in increased growth of thyroid cancer cells. Whole-transcriptome analysis of WDR77 mutant patient-derived thyroid tissue showed changes in pathways enriched in the processes of cell cycle promotion and apoptosis inhibition. In summary, we report WDR77 mutations predisposing patients to nonsyndromic familial PTC and link germ-line WDR77 variants to human malignant disease.

Download Full-text

A Rare Case of Aggressive Ectopic Thyroid Cancer in a Patient With Graves Disease

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1794 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A878-A879

Author(s):

Ejaz Mahmood ◽

Catherine Anastasopoulou ◽

Nissa Blocher

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Thyroid Gland ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Mediastinal Mass ◽

Case Reports ◽

Thyroid Tissue ◽

Ectopic Thyroid ◽

Graves Disease ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Ectopic Thyroid Tissue

Abstract Background: Ectopic thyroid tissue is a rare entity with a prevalence of 1 per 300,000 persons. Malignancy in ectopic thyroid tissue is reported in <1% of these cases.[1] We report a case of aggressive papillary carcinoma in ectopic thyroid gland in a patient with Graves’ disease. Case: A 65-year old woman was incidentally found to have a 3.1 cm mass with coarse calcifications in the superior mediastinum on CT scan of chest. Ultrasound confirmed the presence of hypoechoic mass which was separate from thyroid. Additionally, a 0.5cm TI-Rad 4 left thyroid lobe nodule was found. FNA of the mediastinal mass was suspicious for follicular thyroid neoplasm. Thyramir testing was positive for BRAF V600E and TERT c-124C>T mutations. Thyroid function tests showed frank hyperthyroidism and elevated thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins. Thyroid uptake and scan showed diffuse uptake of 67% at 24 hours. The patient underwent simultaneous excision of mediastinal mass and total thyroidectomy. The pathology of mediastinal mass showed papillary thyroid cancer with tall and sclerosis features with one involved lymph node. The pathology of thyroid gland did not show any malignancy. She was treated with 100 mCi I-131. Post treatment Whole Body Nuclear Scan after treatment revealed metastatic disease in left lower lung area. Discussion: Ectopic thyroid gland is usually found anywhere between forman caecum and mediastinum. It is rare to find ectopic thyroid tissue in the presence of eutopic thyroid gland which can create a diagnostic dilemma. Only a very few case reports of thyroid cancer arising from ectopic thyroid tissue have been reported. Our case is unique as the eutopic thyroid gland had Graves’ disease with no malignancy but the ectopic thyroid tissue developed aggressive papillary thyroid cancer. There are no specific guidelines for the management of carcinoma in ectopic thyroid glands, possibly due to the rarity of the condition. Our case has a clear metastasis to the lungs. However, it is important to differentiate ectopic thyroid tissue with carcinoma from thyroid cancer metastasis which can be difficult at times. Without specific guidelines for the management of cancer in ectopic thyroids, an individualised approach can be taken using the same therapeutic principals used in the management of eutopic thyroid cancer. Additionally, a finding of a normal thyroid gland or a benign condition in the thyroid gland should not exclude the diagnosis of malignancy in ectopic thyroid tissues. 1) Vázquez, Oscar R., et al. “Ectopic papillary thyroid cancer with distant metastasis.” Case reports in endocrinology 2018 (2018).

Download Full-text

Investigating an orally available small-molecule inhibitor (vemurafenib) of BRAFV600E in a novel preclinical model of human papillary thyroid cancer.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e17014 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e17014-e17014

Author(s):

Mark Duquette ◽

Peter M. Sadow ◽

Carmen Priolo ◽

Andrew Fischer ◽

Richard Hodin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Therapeutic Efficacy ◽

Thyroid Tissue ◽

Genetic Alterations ◽

Preclinical Model ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Differentiation Markers ◽

Therapeutic Model

e17014 Background: Patients with BRAFV600E-positive human papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) have poorer prognosis, higher rates of metastases and mortality, and resistance to radioiodine treatment. The goal of this study was to assess the therapeutic efficacy of vemurafenib (a new orally available BRAFV600E selective inhibitor) in a translational therapeutic model of BRAFV600E human nonmetastatic or metastatic PTC. Methods: We have established in vitro cultures of human primary PTC cells with or without heterozygous BRAFWT/V600E, primary normal thyroid (NT) cells, and used previously established human PTC cell lines with BRAFV600E. Immunocytochemistry was used to characterize markers of differentiation. Genotyping (over 500 genes analyzed) by mass spectrometry was performed to determine genetic alterations. Cell viability assays were performed upon different concentrations of vemurafenib: 0.01, 0.1, 1, 5, and 10 µM. Phosphorylation (p) of ERK1/2 (downstream BRAFV600E) was used to measure BRAFV600E activity. Results: We have isolated 8 independent batches of primary human non-metastatic or metastatic PTC cells from total thyroidectomy patients with PTC >1.1 cm, and 4 independent batches of primary NT cells from normal matched thyroid tissue specimens. 62.5% of the isolated batches of PTC cells were heterozygous BRAFWT/V600E and expressed epithelial markers and thyroid differentiation markers (e.g. PAX8, TSH-receptor). The NT cells showed no mutations. BRAFWT/V600E nonmetastatic PTC cells showed decreased viability (IC50: 5 µM) and pERK1/2 levels (IC90: 10 µM) when exposed to vemarufenib, with no toxic effects. PTC cells with BRAFWT, or NT cells showed no change in viability and pERK1/2 levels when exposed to vemarufenib. Importantly, BRAFWT/V600E metastatic PTC cells showed a partial suppression of viability and inhibition of pERK1/2 but only at a higher dose (10 µM) of vemurafenib. Conclusions: We have established the first translational therapeutic model of heterozygous BRAFWT/V600E-PTC. Testing of PTC samples for BRAFWT/V600E and testing in vitro will help predict therapeutic efficacy of Vemurafenib in patients with BRAFWT/V600E-PTC.

Download Full-text

Papillary Thyroid Cancer in a Struma Ovarii in a 17-Year-Old Nulliparous Patient: A Case Report

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics10010045 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 45 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Agnieszka Gonet ◽

Rafał Ślusarczyk ◽

Danuta Gąsior-Perczak ◽

Artur Kowalik ◽

Janusz Kopczyński ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Papillary Carcinoma ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Thyroid Tissue ◽

Histopathological Diagnosis ◽

Struma Ovarii ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Preoperative Serum ◽

Therapeutic Decisions

Introduction: Struma ovarii accounts for 2% of mature teratomas. Struma ovarii is diagnosed when thyroid tissue accounts for >50% of the teratoma. Malignant transformation is rare, occurring in <5% of struma ovarii cases. Case presentation: A 17-year-old patient was diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer in struma ovarii. The patient exhibited menstrual disorders. Abdominal and pelvic CT revealed a 17 cm mass in the left adnexa. Laparoscopic removal of the left adnexa with enucleation of right ovarian cysts was performed. Histopathological diagnosis was a follicular variant papillary carcinoma measuring 23 mm in diameter. Immunohistochemical positive expression of CK19, TTF-1, and thyroglobulin (Tg) confirmed the diagnosis. Molecular analysis detected the BRAF K601E mutation in ovarian tumor tissues. Preoperative serum Tg concentration was >300 ng/mL, which decreased to 38.2 ng/mL after gynecological surgery with undetectable anti-Tg antibodies. The patient underwent total thyroidectomy with no cancer detected on histopathological examination. The patient was treated with I-131 and showed no recurrence 4 years after the diagnosis. Conclusions: Malignant struma ovarii is diagnosed by surgery. Because papillary carcinoma in struma ovarii is rare and there are no guidelines regarding the management of this type of cancer, therapeutic decisions should be made individually based on clinical and pathological data.

Download Full-text