scholarly journals Interventions to reduce gender-based violence among young people living with or affected by HIV/AIDS in low-income and middle-income countries

AIDS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (14) ◽  
pp. 2219-2236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Meinck ◽  
Marija Pantelic ◽  
Thees F. Spreckelsen ◽  
Luisa Orza ◽  
Madison T. Little ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Health of transgender men in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. e003471
Author(s):  
Ayden Scheim ◽  
Vibhuti Kacholia ◽  
Carmen Logie ◽  
Venkatesan Chakrapani ◽  
Ketki Ranade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Men’S Health ◽  
Men's Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Trans Men ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

IntroductionDespite the rapid growth of research on transgender (trans) health globally, the extent of research on trans men and other transmasculine persons assigned the female sex at birth remains unclear. We, therefore, conducted a scoping review on trans men’s health in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).MethodsThe review included peer-reviewed articles and conference abstracts, and grey literature published from 1 January 1999 to 5 July 2019 in English, French, Hindi or Spanish and reporting original quantitative and/or qualitative data on the health of trans men or transmasculine persons living in LMIC. Studies were excluded if they did not disaggregate data for trans men or if they only described surgical techniques or laboratory values.ResultsWe included 53 studies (42 peer-reviewed and 11 grey literature) from 19 LMIC. Most were conducted in higher-middle-income countries (n=12) and in Latin America (n=16, 30.2%), the Middle East (n=14, 26.4%) or Sub-Saharan Africa (n=12, 22.6%) and published in 2014 or later (n=44, 83.0%). Approximately half of studies used quantitative methods (52.8%, n=28), of which 64.3% (n=18) had fewer than 50 participants and 14.2% (n=4) had over 150. Across study designs, social determinants of health and gender-affirming care were the most commonly represented domains (49.1% and 47.1% of studies respectively), with common themes including gender-based violence, coercion and discrimination as well as unprescribed hormone use. Other domains represented included mental health (32.1%), sexual and reproductive health (24.5%), general healthcare access (18.9%), physical health (9.4%) and substance use (9.4%).ConclusionGreater inclusion and disaggregation of trans men and transmasculine persons in global health research is needed to support sex- and gender-based analyses of trans health. Community-based research approaches and theoretically driven research may help to increase the relevance and rigour of such research. Funders should invest in research on trans men’s health in LMIC.

scholarly journals Potential for additional government spending on HIV/AIDS in 137 low-income and middle-income countries: an economic modelling study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. e382-e395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Haakenstad ◽  
Mark W Moses ◽  
Tianchan Tao ◽  
Golsum Tsakalos ◽  
Bianca Zlavog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Economic Modelling ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Modelling Study ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals The Economics of HIV/AIDS in Low-Income Countries: The Case for Prevention

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Canning
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

There are two approaches to reducing the burden of sickness and death associated with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): treatment and prevention. Despite large international aid flows for HIV/AIDS, the needs for prevention and treatment in low- and middle-income countries outstrip the resources available. Thus, it becomes necessary to set priorities. With limited resources, should the focus of efforts to combat HIV/AIDS be on prevention or treatment? I discuss the range of prevention and treatment alternatives and examine their cost effectiveness. I consider various arguments that have been raised against the use of cost-effectiveness analysis in setting public policy priorities for the response to HIV/AIDS in developing countries. I conclude that promoting AIDS treatment using antiretrovirals in resource-constrained countries comes at a huge cost in terms of avoidable deaths that could be prevented through interventions that would substantially lower the scale of the epidemic.

Financing of HIV/AIDS programme scale-up in low-income and middle-income countries, 2009–31

The Lancet ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 376 (9748) ◽  
pp. 1254-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hecht ◽  
John Stover ◽  
Lori Bollinger ◽  
Farzana Muhib ◽  
Kelsey Case ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Aids Programme ◽  
Hiv Aids

Gender-Based Violence Against Adolescent and Young Adult Women in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele R. Decker ◽  
Amanda D. Latimore ◽  
Suzumi Yasutake ◽  
Miriam Haviland ◽  
Saifuddin Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Young Adult Women ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Estimating resource needs for HIV/AIDS health care services in low-income and middle-income countries

Health Policy ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Bertozzi ◽  
Juan-Pablo Gutierrez ◽  
Marjorie Opuni ◽  
Neff Walker ◽  
Bernhard Schwartländer
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Resource Needs ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals The impact of gender equity in agriculture on nutritional status, diets, and household food security: a mixed-methods systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. e002173
Author(s):  
Helen Harris-Fry ◽  
Hayaan Nur ◽  
Bhavani Shankar ◽  
Giacomo Zanello ◽  
Chittur Srinivasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionUndernutrition rates remain high in rural, low-income settings, where large, gender-based inequities persist. We hypothesised that increasing gender equity in agriculture could improve nutrition.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review to assess the associations between gender-based inequities (in income, land, livestock, and workloads) and nutrition, diets and food security outcomes in agricultural contexts of low-income and middle-income countries. Between 9 March and 7 August 2018, we searched 18 databases and 14 journals, and contacted 27 experts. We included quantitative and qualitative literature from agricultural contexts in low-income and middle-income countries, with no date restriction. Outcomes were women’s and children’s anthropometric status, dietary quality and household food security. We conducted meta-analyses using random-effects models.ResultsWe identified 19 820 records, of which 34 studies (42 809 households) met the inclusion criteria. Most (22/25) quantitative studies had a high risk of bias, and qualitative evidence was of mixed quality. Income, land and livestock equity had heterogeneous associations with household food security and child anthropometric outcomes. Meta-analyses showed women’s share of household income earned (0.32, 95% CI −4.22 to 4.86; six results) and women’s share of land owned (2.72, 95% CI -0.52 to 5.96; three results) did not increase the percentage of household budget spent on food. Higher-quality studies showed more consistently positive associations between income equity and food security. Evidence is limited on other exposure–outcome pairings.ConclusionsWe find heterogeneous associations between gender equity and household-level food security. High-quality research is needed to establish the impact of gender equity on nutrition outcomes across contexts.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018093987.

scholarly journals The Latest Treatment Interventions Improving Mental Health Outcomes for Women, Following Gender-Based Violence in Low-and-Middle-Income Countries: A Mini Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily St. John ◽  
Rebecca Walmsley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Humanitarian Crises ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Gender-based violence (GBV), specifically violence against women, is a worldwide pandemic. Prevalence is further escalated in low-and-middle-income countries and in humanitarian crises. Survivors are left with a combination of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety. These mental health disorders lead to further morbidity and mortality. Despite its high prevalence and co-morbidities, gender disparities and mental health stigma globally lead to few interventions developed for this population. The aim of this review is to highlight the mental health interventions developed in the past 5 years, for women following GBV in low-and-middle-income countries. It aims to discuss their efficacy and controversies when implemented into healthcare systems, understand the gaps that remain in the field and suggest future research developments. A thorough literature search revealed 16 new interventions available for improving mental health outcomes for women following GBV in low-and-middle-income countries. Following an in-depth evaluation of the papers, one intervention was successful in effectively implementing treatment into healthcare systems—“PM+.” However, it proved only to be effective in the short term. Further research must be done for improving long-term mental health outcomes. Results demonstrated poor follow-up for women engaging in group therapy. The review also highlights community workers were used in service delivery to reduce barriers accessing care. No interventions proved effective in humanitarian crises, despite GBV escalated in these settings. There are very few interventions available in comparison to the prevalence of this global health issue. Therefore, this review encourages further research and improvements in mental healthcare interventions following GBV.

scholarly journals Towards Ethical International Research Partnerships in Gender-Based Violence Research: Insights From Research Partners in Kenya

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122110357
Author(s):  
Sanne Weber ◽  
Margaret Hardiman ◽  
Wangu Kanja ◽  
Siân Thomas ◽  
Nicole Robinson-Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Research ◽  
High Income ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Research Partnerships ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Safety Concerns ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Research with survivors of gender-based violence in low- and middle-income countries is important to improve understanding of experiences of violence and the policies that can help combat it. But this research also implies risks for survivors, such as re-traumatization, safety concerns, and feelings of exploitation. These risks are magnified if research is undertaken by researchers from high-income countries, whose positionality produces power inequalities affecting both participants and research partners. This article describes the ethical challenges of international gender-based violence research from the perspective of Kenyan researchers and organizations and identifies recommendations about how to prevent them.

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