The natural history of substance use disorders

Introduction. Substance use disorders (SUDs) are commonly associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders. Community-based studies have found a significant association between SUDs and sexual dysfunction in men, with a possible causal relation in the case of nicotine. Methods. The case records of 105 men presenting to a clinic for patients with psychosexual disorders were reviewed. Men with and without comorbid SUDs were compared in terms of demographic, clinical, and familial variables. Results. 25 of the 105 men (23.8%) had a lifetime diagnosis of SUD, and 19 (18.1%) had a current SUD. The commonest substances involved were nicotine (n = 21, 20%) and alcohol (n = 9, 9.5%). Men with comorbid SUDs were more likely to report a family history of substance dependence, particularly alcoholism. Single men with SUDs were more likely to have a comorbid mood disorder. Conclusion. SUDs, particularly nicotine and alcohol use disorders, are common comorbidities in patients with psychosexual disorders. Identifying and treating these disorders in this population are important aspects of management.

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Utilization of addiction treatment among U.S. adults with history of incarceration and substance use disorders

Addiction Science & Clinical Practice ◽

10.1186/s13722-019-0138-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jack Tsai ◽

Xian Gu

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Addiction Treatment ◽

History Of

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Substance Use Disorders

10.2310/cannabis.1191 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

F Gerard Moeller

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Channel Blockers ◽

Medical Problems ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Life Threatening ◽

History Of ◽

Abused Drugs ◽

Nmda Receptor Channel

There is a consistent body of evidence showing that substance abuse and dependence can worsen preexisting medical conditions, can temporarily mimic medical and psychiatric disorders, and can themselves cause medical problems, including life-threatening overdose. Substance use disorders are common in young and middle-aged persons: the lifetime prevalence of these syndromes, including alcoholism, is over 20% for men and about 15% for women. This chapter discusses dependence, abuse, substance use disorder, and substance-induced disorders involving depressants, stimulants, opioids, cannabinoids, hallucinogens, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channel blockers, and inhalants. Epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis (including clinical assessment and laboratory tests), and treatment are reviewed. Treatment of intoxication, overdose, withdrawal, and rehabilitation is discussed. A figure illustrates the neurocircuitry of addiction. Tables describe the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV) diagnostic criteria for abuse and dependence; frequently misused drugs; neural effects of commonly abused drugs; the natural history of drug dependence; conditions affecting the outcome of urinary drug tests; and pharmacologic options for treatment of drug overdose. This chapter contains 1 figure , 6 tables and 112 references

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The familial aggregation of common psychiatric and substance use disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey: A family history study

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.170.6.541 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 170 (6) ◽

pp. 541-548 ◽

Cited By ~ 238

Author(s):

Kenneth S. Kendler ◽

Christopher G. Davis ◽

Ronald C. Kessler

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽

Familial Aggregation ◽

Generalised Anxiety Disorder ◽

Familial Transmission ◽

National Comorbidity Survey ◽

Externalising Disorders ◽

History Of

BackgroundMost family studies of psychiatric disorders examine one syndrome at a time, and identify probands in clinical rather than epidemiological settings.MethodIn the National Comorbidity Survey, 5877 respondents were asked about the history of five psychiatric disorders in their parents: major depression (MD), generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), antisocial personality disorder (ASP), alcohol abuse/dependence (AAD) and drug abuse/dependence (DAD).ResultsSignificant familial aggregation was seen for all disorders. Controlling for other disorders produced only modest reductions in the odds ratios for MD. GAD and AAD and larger reductions for ASP and DAD. The familial transmission of these disorders can be explained by underlying vulnerabilities to internalising and to externalising disorders transmitted across generations with moderate fidelity.ConclusionsFamilial aggregation of common psychiatric and substance use disorders is substantial in epidemiologic samples. The examined environmental adversities account for little of the observed parent-offspring transmission of these conditions.

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Excess mortality from mental, neurological and substance use disorders in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences ◽

10.1017/s2045796014000687 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 121-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

F. J. Charlson ◽

A. J. Baxter ◽

T. Dua ◽

L. Degenhardt ◽

H. A. Whiteford ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Natural History ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Burden Of Disease ◽

Excess Mortality ◽

Global Burden Of Disease ◽

Global Burden ◽

Causal Pathways ◽

Excess Deaths

Aims.Mortality-associated burden of disease estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 (GBD 2010) may erroneously lead to the interpretation that premature death in people with mental, neurological and substance use disorders (MNSDs) is inconsequential when evidence shows that people with MNSDs experience a significant reduction in life expectancy. We explore differences between cause-specific and excess mortality of MNSDs estimated by GBD 2010.Methods.GBD 2010 cause-specific death estimates were produced using the International Classification of Diseases death-coding system. Excess mortality (all-cause) was estimated using natural history models. Additional mortality attributed to MNSDs as underlying causes but not captured through GBD 2010 methodology is quantified in the comparative risk assessments.Results.In GBD 2010, MNSDs were estimated to be directly responsible for 840 000 deaths compared with more than 13 million excess deaths using natural history models.Conclusions.Numbers of excess deaths and attributable deaths clearly demonstrate the high degree of mortality associated with these disorders. There is substantial evidence pointing to potential causal pathways for this premature mortality with evidence-based interventions available to address this mortality. The life expectancy gap between persons with MNSDs and the general population is high and should be a focus for health systems reform.

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