Utilization of addiction treatment among U.S. adults with history of incarceration and substance use disorders

Introduction. Substance use disorders (SUDs) are commonly associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders. Community-based studies have found a significant association between SUDs and sexual dysfunction in men, with a possible causal relation in the case of nicotine. Methods. The case records of 105 men presenting to a clinic for patients with psychosexual disorders were reviewed. Men with and without comorbid SUDs were compared in terms of demographic, clinical, and familial variables. Results. 25 of the 105 men (23.8%) had a lifetime diagnosis of SUD, and 19 (18.1%) had a current SUD. The commonest substances involved were nicotine (n = 21, 20%) and alcohol (n = 9, 9.5%). Men with comorbid SUDs were more likely to report a family history of substance dependence, particularly alcoholism. Single men with SUDs were more likely to have a comorbid mood disorder. Conclusion. SUDs, particularly nicotine and alcohol use disorders, are common comorbidities in patients with psychosexual disorders. Identifying and treating these disorders in this population are important aspects of management.

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Implementation and Evaluation of a Text Message–Based Addiction Counseling Program (Text4Hope-Addiction Support): Protocol for a Questionnaire Study

JMIR Research Protocols ◽

10.2196/22047 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. e22047

Author(s):

Vincent Israel Opoku Agyapong ◽

Marianne Hrabok ◽

Wesley Vuong ◽

April Gusnowski ◽

Reham Shalaby ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

User Satisfaction ◽

Text Messaging ◽

Addiction Treatment ◽

Population Level ◽

Text Messages ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Demographic Correlates

Background With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, providing counseling to people with drug or alcohol addiction while maintaining physical distance has been challenging. This protocol describes the use of text messaging (as used in the Text4Hope-Addiction Support program) as a convenient, evidence-based, cost-effective, and accessible population-level mental health intervention with high user satisfaction proven in prior research. Objective The project goal is to implement a program of daily supportive text messaging (Text4Hope-Addiction Support) to reduce drug or alcohol cravings as well as anxiety and depression, typically associated with alcohol and substance use disorders. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of cravings, anxiety, and depressive symptoms; demographic correlates of the same; and the outcomes of the Text4Hope-Addiction Support intervention in mitigating cravings, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Methods Self-administered, anonymous, online questionnaires will be used to assess cravings for the primary substance of addiction (Brief Substance Craving Scale), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9). Data will be collected at baseline (onset of receiving text messages), program midpoint (6 weeks), and program end (12 weeks). Results As of October 2020, data collection is in progress; and it is expected to be completed by fall 2021. Data analysis will include parametric and nonparametric techniques, focusing on primary outcomes (ie, cravings, anxiety, and depressive symptoms) and metrics of use, including the number of subscribers and user satisfaction. Conclusions This Text4Hope-Addiction Support project will provide key information regarding the prevalence rates of cravings, anxiety, and depressive symptoms among persons with alcohol and substance use disorders; demographic correlates of cravings, anxiety, and depression; and outcome data related to this scalable population-level intervention. Information from this study will be valuable for addiction care practitioners; it will inform the policy and decision making regarding population-level addiction treatment and support during emergencies. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/22047

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Co -occurring Mental Disorders among In-patients in a Substance use Disorder Treatment Center in Plateau State, Nigeria

Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice ◽

10.46912/3i1.2020134 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 223-229

Author(s):

D M Makput

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Drug Abuse ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Substance Use Disorder ◽

Addiction Treatment ◽

Treatment Center ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Functional Abnormality ◽

Plateau State

Patients with psychoactive substance use disorders (SUD) often have co- occurring medical and mental disorders. This occurs as a result of a number of factors, for instance, drug abuse may facilitate the full expression of a latent psychiatric disorder; mental disorder may lead to SUD (drugs used for self- medication; or both SUD and mental disorders are caused by the same underlying brain deficit such as genetic vulnerability, neurotransmitter abnormality, structural or functional abnormality, and so on. After obtaining ethical clearance, the case notes of all patients who were admitted in the Centre for Addiction Treatment and Research, (CATR) Vom, Plateau state throughout the first quarter of year 2019 were traced. A systematic random sample of every third consecutive patient was selected beginning with the first patient admitted and relevant data were collected and analyzed. A total of fourty- eight (48) in-patients were analyzed. Ninety -four percent (94%) of the patients were males, the mean age of 23.6 + 5 years with 46% being below 25 years of age. Fourty-six percent (46%) had cannabis as their primary drug followed by alcohol (32%) and opioids (28%). Only 1 % had a history of injecting drug use. Twenty-nine percent (29%) of the SUD patients had co-occurring depression, nine percent (8%) had anxiety disorder, and five percent (4%) had Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in addition to their substance use disorder. In line with sustainable development goals (SDG) goal 3.5 which seeks to “strengthen prevention and treatment of substance abuse including narcotics drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol”; identifying co-occurring mental disorders among patients with substance use disorders is one way of moving closer towards achieving this SDG.

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Substance Use Disorders

10.2310/cannabis.1191 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

F Gerard Moeller

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Channel Blockers ◽

Medical Problems ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Life Threatening ◽

History Of ◽

Abused Drugs ◽

Nmda Receptor Channel

There is a consistent body of evidence showing that substance abuse and dependence can worsen preexisting medical conditions, can temporarily mimic medical and psychiatric disorders, and can themselves cause medical problems, including life-threatening overdose. Substance use disorders are common in young and middle-aged persons: the lifetime prevalence of these syndromes, including alcoholism, is over 20% for men and about 15% for women. This chapter discusses dependence, abuse, substance use disorder, and substance-induced disorders involving depressants, stimulants, opioids, cannabinoids, hallucinogens, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channel blockers, and inhalants. Epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis (including clinical assessment and laboratory tests), and treatment are reviewed. Treatment of intoxication, overdose, withdrawal, and rehabilitation is discussed. A figure illustrates the neurocircuitry of addiction. Tables describe the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV) diagnostic criteria for abuse and dependence; frequently misused drugs; neural effects of commonly abused drugs; the natural history of drug dependence; conditions affecting the outcome of urinary drug tests; and pharmacologic options for treatment of drug overdose. This chapter contains 1 figure , 6 tables and 112 references

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The familial aggregation of common psychiatric and substance use disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey: A family history study

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.170.6.541 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 170 (6) ◽

pp. 541-548 ◽

Cited By ~ 238

Author(s):

Kenneth S. Kendler ◽

Christopher G. Davis ◽

Ronald C. Kessler

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽

Familial Aggregation ◽

Generalised Anxiety Disorder ◽

Familial Transmission ◽

National Comorbidity Survey ◽

Externalising Disorders ◽

History Of

BackgroundMost family studies of psychiatric disorders examine one syndrome at a time, and identify probands in clinical rather than epidemiological settings.MethodIn the National Comorbidity Survey, 5877 respondents were asked about the history of five psychiatric disorders in their parents: major depression (MD), generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), antisocial personality disorder (ASP), alcohol abuse/dependence (AAD) and drug abuse/dependence (DAD).ResultsSignificant familial aggregation was seen for all disorders. Controlling for other disorders produced only modest reductions in the odds ratios for MD. GAD and AAD and larger reductions for ASP and DAD. The familial transmission of these disorders can be explained by underlying vulnerabilities to internalising and to externalising disorders transmitted across generations with moderate fidelity.ConclusionsFamilial aggregation of common psychiatric and substance use disorders is substantial in epidemiologic samples. The examined environmental adversities account for little of the observed parent-offspring transmission of these conditions.

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