Substance Use Disorders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Gerard Moeller
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Abused Drugs ◽  
Nmda Receptor Channel

There is a consistent body of evidence showing that substance abuse and dependence can worsen preexisting medical conditions, can temporarily mimic medical and psychiatric disorders, and can themselves cause medical problems, including life-threatening overdose. Substance use disorders are common in young and middle-aged persons: the lifetime prevalence of these syndromes, including alcoholism, is over 20% for men and about 15% for women. This chapter discusses dependence, abuse, substance use disorder, and substance-induced disorders involving depressants, stimulants, opioids, cannabinoids, hallucinogens, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channel blockers, and inhalants. Epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis (including clinical assessment and laboratory tests), and treatment are reviewed. Treatment of intoxication, overdose, withdrawal, and rehabilitation is discussed. A figure illustrates the neurocircuitry of addiction. Tables describe the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV) diagnostic criteria for abuse and dependence; frequently misused drugs; neural effects of commonly abused drugs; the natural history of drug dependence; conditions affecting the outcome of urinary drug tests; and pharmacologic options for treatment of drug overdose. This chapter contains 1 figure , 6 tables and 112 references

Substance Use Disorders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Gerard Moeller
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Abused Drugs ◽  
Nmda Receptor Channel

There is a consistent body of evidence showing that substance abuse and dependence can worsen preexisting medical conditions, can temporarily mimic medical and psychiatric disorders, and can themselves cause medical problems, including life-threatening overdose. Substance use disorders are common in young and middle-aged persons: the lifetime prevalence of these syndromes, including alcoholism, is over 20% for men and about 15% for women. This chapter discusses dependence, abuse, substance use disorder, and substance-induced disorders involving depressants, stimulants, opioids, cannabinoids, hallucinogens, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channel blockers, and inhalants. Epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis (including clinical assessment and laboratory tests), and treatment are reviewed. Treatment of intoxication, overdose, withdrawal, and rehabilitation is discussed. A figure illustrates the neurocircuitry of addiction. Tables describe the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV) diagnostic criteria for abuse and dependence; frequently misused drugs; neural effects of commonly abused drugs; the natural history of drug dependence; conditions affecting the outcome of urinary drug tests; and pharmacologic options for treatment of drug overdose. This chapter contains 112 references.

What is Comorbidity – Fact or Artefact?

1996 ◽  
Vol 168 (S30) ◽  
pp. 7-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Ulrich Wittchen
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Icd 10

Comorbidity can be described broadly as the presence of more than one disorder in a person in a defined period of time (Wittchen & Essau, 1993). Stimulated by the introduction of explicit diagnostic criteria and operationalised diagnoses in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–III; APA, 1980) and the Diagnostic Criteria for Research in ICD–10 (WHO, 1991), numerous studies in the 1980s and early 1990s, have assessed the extent, the nature, and more recently, the implications of comorbidity for a better understanding of mental disorders. Most studies investigated the association of anxiety and mood disorders, but increasingly there are also studies looking into the association of mood disorders with other disorders (such as somatoform and substance use disorders (Wittchen et al, 1993, 1996)) as well as with somatic conditions (axis II) and personality disorders (axis III).

scholarly journals Prevalence of Substance Use Disorders and Psychiatric Conditions Among County Jail Inmates: Changes and Stability Over Time

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Proctor ◽  
Norman G. Hoffmann ◽  
Alyssa Raggio
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Jail Inmates ◽  
County Jail ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Comparable Sample

This study first sought to estimate the local Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) prevalence of various substance use disorders (SUDs) and psychiatric conditions among a sample of male county jail inmates ( N = 200) from 2016 data. The observed patterns in prevalence and internal consistency for the various conditions among a subgroup of inmates with a DSM-5 moderate-severe SUD diagnosis ( n = 149) were then compared to a comparable sample of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) substance-dependent inmates derived from 2008 data collected in an adjacent county jail ( N = 176) using a nearly identical structured clinical interview. Results revealed 87.0% of inmates in the total 2016 sample met criteria for any DSM-5 SUD. Despite similar methodology, comparable sample populations, and county jails in the same geographic region, there were marked differences between studies with respect to the prevalence of certain SUDs over an 8-year period. Conversely, 2016 prevalence rates for the co-occurring conditions were within 1% to 7% points of the rates evidenced in 2008.

Diagnoses, Dimensions, and DSM-5

2010 ◽  
pp. 254-279
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Widiger ◽  
Maryanne Edmundson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III) is often said to have provided a significant paradigm shift in how psychopathology is diagnosed. The authors of DSM-5 have the empirical support and the opportunity to lead the field of psychiatry to a comparably bold new future in diagnosis and classification. The purpose of this chapter is to address the validity of the categorical and dimensional models for the classification and diagnosis of psychopathology. Considered in particular will be research concerning substance use disorders, mood disorders, and personality disorders. Limitations and concerns with respect to a dimensional classification of psychopathology are also considered. The chapter concludes with a recommendation for a conversion to a more quantitative, dimensional classification of psychopathology.

scholarly journals Substance Use Disorders in Men Presenting to a Psychosexual Clinic

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ravi Philip Rajkumar
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Family History ◽  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Community Based ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Current

Introduction. Substance use disorders (SUDs) are commonly associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders. Community-based studies have found a significant association between SUDs and sexual dysfunction in men, with a possible causal relation in the case of nicotine. Methods. The case records of 105 men presenting to a clinic for patients with psychosexual disorders were reviewed. Men with and without comorbid SUDs were compared in terms of demographic, clinical, and familial variables. Results. 25 of the 105 men (23.8%) had a lifetime diagnosis of SUD, and 19 (18.1%) had a current SUD. The commonest substances involved were nicotine (n = 21, 20%) and alcohol (n = 9, 9.5%). Men with comorbid SUDs were more likely to report a family history of substance dependence, particularly alcoholism. Single men with SUDs were more likely to have a comorbid mood disorder. Conclusion. SUDs, particularly nicotine and alcohol use disorders, are common comorbidities in patients with psychosexual disorders. Identifying and treating these disorders in this population are important aspects of management.

Prevalence of Premenstrial Disphoric Disorder Associated Factors among Students of Tabor Secondary and Preparatory School in Hawassa City, Ethiopia Cross Sectional

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulugeta Gobena Tadesse ◽  
Dereje Dirago Dire ◽  
Yacob Yacob Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preparatory School ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
History Of ◽  
Menstruating Women

Abstract Background: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)-is a severe and disabling form of premenstrual Syndrome affecting 3-8% of menstruating women. The disorder consists of a cluster of affective, behavioral and somatic symptoms that recur monthly during the luteal phase the menstrual cycle. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) was added to the list of depressive disorders in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders in 2013. The exact pathogenesis of the disorder is still unclear.Objective: To assess the prevalence of PMDD and its associated factors among students of Hawassa tabor secondary and preparatory school.Method: A cross sectional institutional based was conducted among 351 randomly selected female students of Hawassa tabor school. Data was collected by three students were facilitate the works with closed ended structured questionnaire and they was trained on how to collect the data. The collected data was entered, analyzed and cleaned by SPS.Results: prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder in this study was 76.9%. Of each symptom is more than ninety present or 324 (92.3%) respondents can’t have experience unpleasant physical or emotional symptoms peculiar to the five days before the onset of menses & 27(7.7%) participants have show the symptoms. Among those 26 (7.4%) have present for the past ≥3 consecutive cycles. 46 (13.1%) have family history of such symptoms.Conclusions: These findings have implications for both women and medical providers, who should be aware that PMS symptoms are prevalent and often distressing, yet also understand that the severity of symptoms may remit over time.

Recognizing Consequences of Your Substance Use

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Dennis C. Daley ◽  
Antoine Douaihy
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The People ◽  
Life Threatening

Substance use can contribute directly and indirectly to problems in any area of life. Substance use disorders raise the risk of medical, spiritual, psychological, psychiatric, family, and economic problems. Problems may range in severity from mild to life-threatening. Sometimes the effects are subtle or hidden. The goals of this chapter are for the client to understand the consequences of their substance use and its effect on the people closest to them and to identify problems caused by the client’s substance use disorder.

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