scholarly journals Blood flow in the rabbit aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (65) ◽  
pp. 1708-1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Vincent ◽  
A. M. Plata ◽  
A. A. E. Hunt ◽  
P. D. Weinberg ◽  
S. J. Sherwin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Local Variation ◽  
Descending Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Local Flow ◽  
Descending Aorta ◽  
Flow Features ◽  
Realistic Representation

The distribution of atherosclerotic lesions within the rabbit vasculature, particularly within the descending thoracic aorta, has been mapped in numerous studies. The patchy nature of such lesions has been attributed to local variation in the pattern of blood flow. However, there have been few attempts to model and characterize the flow. In this study, a high-order continuous Galerkin finite-element method was used to simulate blood flow within a realistic representation of the rabbit aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta. The geometry, which was obtained from computed tomography of a resin corrosion cast, included all vessels originating from the aortic arch (followed to at least their second generation) and five pairs of intercostal arteries originating from the proximal descending thoracic aorta. The simulations showed that small geometrical undulations associated with the ductus arteriosus scar cause significant deviations in wall shear stress (WSS). This finding highlights the importance of geometrical accuracy when analysing WSS or related metrics. It was also observed that two Dean-type vortices form in the aortic arch and propagate down the descending thoracic aorta (along with an associated skewed axial velocity profile). This leads to the occurrence of axial streaks in WSS, similar in nature to the axial streaks of lipid deposition found in the descending aorta of cholesterol-fed rabbits. Finally, it was observed that WSS patterns within the vicinity of intercostal branch ostia depend not only on local flow features caused by the branches themselves, but also on larger-scale flow features within the descending aorta, which vary between branches at different locations. This result implies that disease and WSS patterns in the vicinity of intercostal ostia are best compared on a branch-by-branch basis.

Unsteady and Three-Dimensional Simulation of Blood Flow in the Human Aortic Arch

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Shahcheraghi ◽  
H. A. Dwyer ◽  
A. Y. Cheer ◽  
A. I. Barakat ◽  
T. Rutaganira
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Human Aorta ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Descending Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Wall Shear

A three-dimensional and pulsatile blood flow in a human aortic arch and its three major branches has been studied numerically for a peak Reynolds number of 2500 and a frequency (or Womersley) parameter of 10. The simulation geometry was derived from the three-dimensional reconstruction of a series of two-dimensional slices obtained in vivo using CAT scan imaging on a human aorta. The numerical simulations were obtained using a projection method, and a finite-volume formulation of the Navier-Stokes equations was used on a system of overset grids. Our results demonstrate that the primary flow velocity is skewed towards the inner aortic wall in the ascending aorta, but this skewness shifts to the outer wall in the descending thoracic aorta. Within the arch branches, the flow velocities were skewed to the distal walls with flow reversal along the proximal walls. Extensive secondary flow motion was observed in the aorta, and the structure of these secondary flows was influenced considerably by the presence of the branches. Within the aorta, wall shear stresses were highly dynamic, but were generally high along the outer wall in the vicinity of the branches and low along the inner wall, particularly in the descending thoracic aorta. Within the branches, the shear stresses were considerably higher along the distal walls than along the proximal walls. Wall pressure was low along the inner aortic wall and high around the branches and along the outer wall in the ascending thoracic aorta. Comparison of our numerical results with the localization of early atherosclerotic lesions broadly suggests preferential development of these lesions in regions of extrema (either maxima or minima) in wall shear stress and pressure.

Case 16.12

2014 ◽  
pp. 781-782
Author(s):  
Christine U. Lee ◽  
James F. Glockner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Subclavian Artery ◽  
Left Subclavian Artery ◽  
Collateral Blood Flow ◽  
Descending Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Descending Aorta ◽  
Partial Volume ◽  
Internal Mammary ◽  
History Of

31-year-old man with a history of hypertension that was diagnosed at age 10 Sagittal oblique VR images (Figure 16.12.1) and a partial volume MIP image (Figure 16.12.2) from 3D CE MRA reveal severe focal narrowing of the proximal descending thoracic aorta just distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery. Note also enlarged internal mammary and intercostal arteries representing sources of collateral blood flow to the descending aorta....

An unusual case of interrupted cervical aortic arch associated with long segment coarctation of the descending thoracic aorta

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mousam Dey ◽  
Naveen Garg ◽  
Sunil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Multidetector Ct ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Interrupted Aortic Arch ◽  
Descending Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Aortic Arch Interruption ◽  
Cardiovascular Anomalies ◽  
Multidetector Ct Angiography

AbstractInterrupted aortic arch is a rare congenital anomaly in newborns and infants and is commonly associated with other cardiovascular anomalies. Here, we report an unusual case of type A interrupted cervical aortic arch associated with long segment coarctation of the descending thoracic aorta. Patent ductus arteriosus reconstituted the descending thoracic aorta. Proximal segments of the left common carotid and left subclavian arteries were atretic. Echocardiography-gated multidetector CT angiography not only identified the type of aortic arch interruption in the neonate but also delineated the exact anatomical details.

Dilatation of the entire thoracic aorta in patients with bicuspid aortic valve: a magnetic resonance angiography study

VASA ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Westhoff-Bleck ◽  
Meyer ◽  
Lotz ◽  
Tutarel ◽  
Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Angiography ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Aortic Root ◽  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
Descending Aorta ◽  
Severe Aortic Regurgitation

Background: The presence of a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) might be associated with a progressive dilatation of the aortic root and ascending aorta. However, involvement of the aortic arch and descending aorta has not yet been elucidated. Patients and methods: Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was used to assess the diameter of the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and descending aorta in 28 patients with bicuspid aortic valves (mean age 30 ± 9 years). Results: Patients with BAV, but without significant aortic stenosis or regurgitation (n = 10, mean age 27 ± 8 years, n.s. versus control) were compared with controls (n = 13, mean age 33 ± 10 years). In the BAV-patients, aortic root diameter was 35.1 ± 4.9 mm versus 28.9 ± 4.8 mm in the control group (p < 0.01). The diameter of the ascending aorta was also significantly increased at the level of the pulmonary artery (35.5 ± 5.6 mm versus 27.0 ± 4.8 mm, p < 0.001). BAV-patients with moderate or severe aortic regurgitation (n = 18, mean age 32 ± 9 years, n.s. versus control) had a significant dilatation of the aortic root, ascending aorta at the level of the pulmonary artery (41.7 ± 4.8 mm versus 27.0 ± 4.8 mm in control patients, p < 0.001) and, furthermore, significantly increased diameters of the aortic arch (27.1 ± 5.6 mm versus 21.5 ± 1.8 mm, p < 0.01) and descending aorta (21.8 ± 5.6 mm versus 17.0 ± 5.6 mm, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The whole thoracic aorta is abnormally dilated in patients with BAV, particularly in patients with moderate/severe aortic regurgitation. The maximum dilatation occurs in the ascending aorta at the level of the pulmonary artery. Thus, we suggest evaluation of the entire thoracic aorta in patients with BAV.

Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer aneurysm of the innominate artery

VASA ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan ◽  
Tager
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Open Surgery ◽  
Innominate Artery ◽  
Ruptured Aneurysm ◽  
Descending Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer ◽  
Descending Aorta

Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer of the aorta is uncommon, and usually develops in the descending thoracic aorta. Rarely this condition involves the branch vessels of the aorta. We report a case of ruptured aneurysm of the innominate artery resulting from penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer. Open surgery was the treatment of choice for the ruptured aneurysm, while conservative treatment was recommended for the associated penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers of the descending aorta.

scholarly journals Treating the patient with acute rupture of penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer of the thoracic aorta

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-380
Author(s):  
I R Yagafarov ◽  
R R Sayfullin ◽  
M M Iskhakov ◽  
N V Gazizov ◽  
M G Khatypov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Spontaneous Rupture ◽  
Open Surgery ◽  
Intraoperative Complications ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Safe Procedure ◽  
Descending Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Prosthetic Repair ◽  
Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer

Spontaneous rupture of the aorta - a violation of the integrity of the aortic wall which is not caused by an aneurysm, trauma, dissection or disintegrating tumor process, and is an acute life-threatening condition. According to some authors, the main cause of spontaneous rupture of the aorta is a penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer of the aorta, which is an ulceration of aortic atherosclerotic plaque leading to penetration of the internal elastic plate in media. We present a case of successful hybrid surgical treatment of patient with spontaneous rupture of the descending thoracic aorta with the formation of para-aortic hematoma and left-sided hemothorax. The patient underwent a hybrid operation - aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta prosthetic repair, subclavian bypass with left subclavian artery ligation, left-sided thoracotomy, and pleural cavity sanitation. No intraoperative complications were observed, the patient was taken off the ventilator on day 2. The control computed tomography performed on day 10, revealed correct and stable stent graft position with no signs of continued bleeding, endoleak. The patient was discharged in satisfactory condition on day 14. Due to the high hospital mortality of open surgery on the thoracic aorta in case of penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers, as well as the predominance of elderly patients with severe comorbidities that contraindicate open surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass, endovascular and hybrid technologies, which are minimally invasive and traumatic, come to the fore. Endovascular prosthetic repair in case of penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer of aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta is an effective and safe procedure in patients at high risk, showing encouraging long-term results.

scholarly journals Hybrid Repairs of the Distal Aortic Arch and Proximal Descending Thoracic Aorta

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bozinovski ◽  
Scott A. LeMaire ◽  
Scott A. Weldon ◽  
Joseph S. Coselli
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Descending Thoracic Aorta

Descending aortic flow reversal in obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous connection

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1002-1004
Author(s):  
Anupama K. Nair ◽  
Sitaraman Radhakrishnan ◽  
Krishna S. Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Flow Reversal ◽  
Aortic Flow ◽  
Severe Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Descending Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Descending Aorta ◽  
Left Ventricular Output ◽  
Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection

AbstractIn this study, we present the case of a neonate with obstructed infracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection with severe pulmonary hypertension and a patent ductus arteriosus with right-to-left shunting. The patient had an unusual finding of pandiastolic flow reversal in the upper descending thoracic aorta. He underwent emergency surgical re-routing of the pulmonary veins to the left atrium, and postoperative echocardiography showed disappearance of the descending aortic flow reversal. We hypothesise that in severely obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous connection the left ventricular output may be extremely low, resulting in flow reversal in the descending aorta.

A congenital fistula between the descending aorta and the right pulmonary vein in a neonate presenting with heart failure

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 563-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhair O. Shebani ◽  
Mohammad D. Khan ◽  
Magdi A. Tofeig
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Cardiac Failure ◽  
Cardiac Catheterisation ◽  
Newborn Baby ◽  
Descending Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Descending Aorta ◽  
The Right ◽  
Congenital Fistula

AbstractWe report a large congenital fistula connecting the descending thoracic aorta to the right upper pulmonary vein in a newborn baby presenting on the seventh day of life with cardiac failure and a continuous murmur heard posteriorly. The fistula was detected echocardiographically, and shown at cardiac catheterisation not to be suitable for percutaneous occlusion. The anatomy of the fistula was confirmed at surgery, when it was ligated successfully.

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