scholarly journals Evidence for behavioural thermoregulation by the world's largest fish

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (78) ◽  
pp. 20120477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Thums ◽  
Mark Meekan ◽  
John Stevens ◽  
Steven Wilson ◽  
Jeff Polovina
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Rhincodon Typus ◽  
Whale Sharks ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Body Heat

Many fishes make frequent ascents to surface waters and often show prolonged surface swimming following descents to deep water. This affinity for the surface is thought to be related to the recovery of body heat lost at depth. We tested this hypothesis using data from time–depth recorders deployed on four whale sharks ( Rhincodon typus ). We summarized vertical movements into bouts of dives and classified these into three main types, using cluster analysis. In addition to day and night ‘bounce’ dives where sharks rapidly descended and ascended, we found a third type: single deep (mean: 340 m), long (mean: 169 min) dives, occurring in daytime with extremely long post-dive surface durations (mean: 146 min). Only sharks that were not constrained by shallow bathymetry performed these dives. We found a negative relationship between the mean surface duration of dives in the bout and the mean minimum temperature of dives in the bout that is consistent with the hypothesis that thermoregulation was a major factor driving use of the surface. The relationship broke down when sharks were diving in mean minimum temperatures around 25°C, suggesting that warmer waters did not incur a large metabolic cost for diving and that other factors may also influence surface use.

scholarly journals The relationship between inter-organizational trust and performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Fiala ◽  
Martin Prokop ◽  
Iva Živělová
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Organizational Trust ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Supplier Performance ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Model Fit Indices ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

The article deals with an investigation of the relationship between inter-organizational trust and performance. Using data obtained in a questionnaire survey in 373 organizations with more than 20 employees with their seat in the Czech Republic, we found the relationship between inter-organizational trust and supplier performance, mediated by the level of conflict. Also, the statistically significant negative relationship between inter-organizational trust and costs of negotiation and the statistically significant positive relationship between supplier performance and perceived performance were confirmed. The hypothesis on the statistically significant relationship between inter-organizational trust and negotiating costs was not confirmed. The structural equation modelling technique was used in the calculations. The calculated model fit indices (CFI, NFI, NNFI) with values over 0.9 demonstrate a very good quality of the model.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Social Support Perceived by Infertile Couples and Their Mental Status

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binnaz AVŞAR ◽  
Tuba GUNER EMUL
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Mental Status ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Infertility Treatment ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Symptom Inventory ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Infertile Couples ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Infertility is a difficult process that affects couples psychologically. Providing adequate social support is important in terms of reducing the psychological problems experienced by infertile couples by facilitating compliance with the treatment. Aim/ Objective: This study evaluated the relationship between the mental status of couples receiving infertility treatment and their perceived social support. Methods: The study was descriptive study consisted of 148 infertile couples who received infertility treatment at the InVitro Fertilisation Center between January and April 2018 in a university hospital in Antalya. 148 infertile couples who received infertility treatment at the data of the research were gathered through a questionnaire for determining socio-demographic and infertility related characteristics of the couples receiving infertility treatment, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Brief Symptom Inventory. Results: In the study, the average age of infertile women was 31.4±5.6 and that of men was 34.5±5.2. The mean Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support score of the women was determined to be 62.6±14.2, whereas that of the men 59.2± 14.2. The mean score received by the women from depression subscale of Brief Symptom Inventory was determined to be 10.2±8.9, and the mean score received by the men 6.7±6.6. A strong negative relationship between the total Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Supportscore and the Brief Symptom Inventory subscale mean scores (p<0.01). Conclusions: As a result of the research, as the social support levels perceived by couples receiving infertility treatment increased, their symptoms of anxiety, depression, negative self-perception, somatization, and hostility was determined to decrease.

scholarly journals Is Religion a Determinant of Financial Development?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Amissah ◽  
Katarzyna Świerczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractStudies on the determinants of financial development have been silent on the role of religion. Growing evidence in the literature about how financial development positively affects economic growth and development highlights a greater interest in understanding the determinants of financial development. Despite the growing interest in this direction, less focus has been given to the role of religion in financial development. Using data from the World Values Survey, this study explores the relationship between finance and religion. In this study, finance is modelled through different measures of financial development and religion is represented by the intensity of religiosity. Results showed that on average there is a significant negative relationship. Subsequent analysis showed that as countries become financially developed, this negative relationship becomes insignificant. The quantile regression technique was employed to capture the nature of the relationship at different levels. The analysis showed that as countries become financially developed, the negative relationship becomes insignificant to financial development. These results account for some of the differences in the level of financial development between developed and developing countries where the latter tend to be more religious than the former.

Deprivation in the Midst of Plenty: Citizen Polarization and Political Protest

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
John D. Griffin ◽  
Chad Kiewiet de Jonge ◽  
Vania Ximena Velasco-Guachalla
Keyword(s):  
National Survey ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Political Protest ◽  
Political Unrest ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cross National

Abstract This article elaborates relative deprivation theory to a societal level to argue that political unrest is rooted in the polarization of citizens' grievance judgments, rather than the mean level of societal grievance. Using data from twelve cross-national survey projects, it examines the relationship between citizen polarization and political protest in eighty-four democracies and semi-democracies from 1977 to 2010. The study finds that countries with more polarized citizens are more likely to experience nonviolent protest. Protests are most likely in countries where average citizen grievances are low but citizens are polarized, which is consistent with the elaborated theoretical expectations of relative deprivation theory.

An agency perspective on the board of directors and corporate entrepreneurship

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1201-1215
Author(s):  
Mark A. Tribbitt ◽  
Yi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Corporate Entrepreneurship ◽  
Publicly Traded ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
Publicly Traded Firms ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between board dependence, antitakeover provisions and their influence on corporate entrepreneurship (CE). Design/methodology/approach The study uses agency theory as a framework to expand on the board dependence–CE relationship by injecting the moderating role of antitakeover provisions to the model. Using data collected from 350 publicly traded firms, a panel regression analyses was conducted on both innovation and venturing components of CE. Findings The findings of this study show a negative relationship between board dependence and CE. Further this study shows that such a negative relationship becomes weaker when higher levels of antitakeover provisions are injected into the model. Research limitations/implications This study was conducted using a sample of large publicly traded firms within the information and manufacturing sectors, and so our findings may not be generalizable to firms in other contexts. Further, other variables representing CE (e.g. new product introductions) may add to this line of research in the future. Practical implications Understanding the role of board of directors within a firm may help foster CE throughout the organization. Originality/value This study expands on existing research by incorporating the influence of environmental factors (e.g. antitakeover provisions) and examining the relationship between corporate governance and CE using both measures of innovation and venturing.

scholarly journals Patient-Reported Allergies, a Marker of Preoperative Pain and Disability in Elective Spine Surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 592-597
Author(s):  
Keith W. Lyons ◽  
Tracy M. Borsinger ◽  
Adriana P. Lucas ◽  
Kevin J. McGuire ◽  
Adam M. Pearson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Neck Disability Index ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Preoperative Pain ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

Study Design: Retrospective review. Objective: Previous literature demonstrates mixed results regarding the relationship between patient-reported allergies and pain, function, and satisfaction scores. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between patient-reported allergies and preoperative Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement System (PROMIS) scores. Methods: All patients undergoing elective cervical, lumbar procedures between May 2017 and October 2018 were included. Baseline demographic information was recorded, as well as all reported allergies or adverse reactions. Preoperative PROMIS, ODI, and NDI scores were recorded. Hierarchical multiple linear regressions were used to assess the relationship between total number of allergies and the preoperative pain and function scores. Results: A total of 570 patients were included (476 lumbar, 94 cervical). The mean number of allergies reported was 1.89 ± 2.32. The mean preoperative ODI and NDI scores were 46.39 ± 17.67 and 43.47 ± 16.51, respectively. The mean preoperative PROMIS Physical Health and PROMIS Mental Health scores were 37.21 ± 6.54 and 43.89 ± 9.26, respectively. Hierarchical multiple linear regression showed that total number of reported allergies shared a statistically significant negative relationship with all of the following scores: ODI ( B = 0.83, P = .02), NDI ( B = 1.45, P = .02), PROMIS Physical Health ( B = −0.29, P = .013), and PROMIS Mental Health ( B = −0.38, P = .024). Conclusions: Patient-reported allergies share a statistically significant negative relationship with preoperative pain and function scores; as patients have increasing total number of allergies, the ODI/NDI scores become worse (increase) and the PROMIS scores become worse (decrease).

Role of Education in Inter-Caste Marriages of Women from Scheduled Castes in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Ravindra Medhe
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Freedom Of Choice ◽  
Large Scope ◽  
Scheduled Castes ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Scheduled Castes (SC) is a group of deprived castes in India. Traditionally, people belongs to these castes are socio-economically exploited and untouchables. The present study analyses the role of education in decision of inter-caste marriages for social cohesion. The relationship between education of bride, parents and parents-in-law with number of inter-caste marriages was calculated using data compiled by India Human Development Survey (2011). The study shows no direct and robust relationship between education and inter-caste marriages. Educated brides lead for inter-caste marriages and educated parents support in this decision, but negative relationship was observed for education of parents-in-law with number of inter-caste marriages. Educated parents-in-law show no acceptance for inter-caste marriages of their shoots. The freedom of choice to bride show key role in formation of inter-case marriages which shows wide state-to-state variations. Education improves the capabilities of a person to deicide their own. Therefore, we have large scope to create bases for inter-caste marriages and social change through enlightenment and education.

LIMIT-TO-ARBITRAGE FACTORS AND IVOL RETURNS PUZZLE: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM TAIWAN BEFORE AND DURING COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150004
Author(s):  
KHOA DANG DUONG ◽  
QUI NHAT NGUYEN ◽  
TRUONG VINH LE ◽  
DIEP VAN NGUYEN
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Stock Returns ◽  
Trading Volume ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Idiosyncratic Volatility ◽  
Individual Investors ◽  
Limits To Arbitrage ◽  
Trading Activities ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines the impacts of limit-to-arbitrage factors on the returns of the idiosyncratic volatility (IVOL) puzzle in Taiwan before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Although various studies explore the relationship between stock returns and IVOL, the empirical findings are mixed. We are motivated by unique market microstructures in Taiwan, such as individual investors’ aggressive trading volume and low transaction costs in Taiwan, discouraging arbitrary trading activities. Our empirical results indicate a negative relationship between IVOL and stock returns by using data from the Taiwan stock market. However, the IVOL anomaly does not exist during the Covid-19 pandemic, even in the small stocks sample. Besides, our findings suggest that four proxies of limits-to-arbitrage, such as reversal, transaction costs, turnover and Amihud’s Illiquidity, have statistically significant impacts on the return of IVOL anomaly in Taiwan except for the pandemic period. Finally, our finding suggests that the stock turnover is the only limit-to-arbitrage factor that helps investors earn arbitrary profits during the COVID-19 period.

The relationship between heat flow and vasculature in the dorsal fin of wild bottlenose dolphinsTursiops truncatus

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (22) ◽  
pp. 3475-3486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin M. Meagher ◽  
William A. McLellan ◽  
Andrew J. Westgate ◽  
Randall S. Wells ◽  
Dargan Frierson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Respiratory Event ◽  
Vascular Structures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Body Cooling ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Body Heat

SUMMARYThe dorsal fin of the bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatuscontains blood vessels that function either to conserve or to dissipate body heat. Prior studies have demonstrated that heat flux, measured from a single position on the dorsal fin, decreases during body cooling and diving bradycardia and increases after exercise and at the termination of the dive response. While prior studies attributed changes in heat flux to changes in the pattern of blood flow, none directly investigated the influence of vascular structures on heat flux across the dorsal fin. In this study we examined whether heat flux is higher directly over a superficial vein,compared to a position away from a vein, and investigated the temporal relationship between heart rate, respiration and heat flux. Simultaneous records of heat flux and skin temperature at three positions on the dorsal fins of 19 wild bottlenose dolphins (with the fin in air and submerged) were collected, together with heart rate and respiration. When the fin was submerged, heat flux values were highest over superficial veins, usually at the distal tip, suggesting convective delivery of heat, via blood, to the skin's surface. Conversely, in air there was no relationship between heat flux and superficial vasculature. The mean difference in heat flux (48 W m-2) measured between the three fin positions was often equal to or greater than the heat flux that had been recorded from a single position after exercising and diving in prior studies. Tachycardia at a respiratory event was not temporally related to an increase in heat flux across the dorsal fin. This study suggests that the dorsal fin is a spatially heterogeneous thermal surface and that patterns of heat flux are strongly influenced by underlying vasculature.

Socioeconomic Status and the Frequency of Anger across the Life Course

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Schieman
Keyword(s):  
General Social Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

Previous studies suggest that older people report less anger. However, little is known about the relationship between age and the frequency of anger among individuals with different levels of education and economic circumstances. Using data from the 1996 General Social Survey ( N = 1,442), I examine the effects of age on anger across levels of education and objective and subjective economic conditions. A significant and positive age × education interaction suggests that the negative relationship between age and the frequency of anger is stronger at lower levels of education. Adjustment for social roles and economic conditions fails to account for the age × education interaction effect. In addition, differences in anger between individuals who reported worsening financial conditions and those who reported that their finances improved or stayed the same are greatest among the youngest age groups, and the gap decreases at successively older age levels. I discuss the ways that these results contradict recent findings of SES-based age differences in depressive emotions and physical health status.

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