The Crocodile and the Elephant

1997 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-316
Author(s):  
A. R. Mackintosh
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Gold Medal ◽  
Niels Bohr ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
Mcgill University ◽  
Peter Kapitza ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Manchester

In 1907 Ernest Rutherford (later named ‘The Crocodile’ by Peter Kapitza), 36 years old and already a world–famous physicist, moved from McGill University in Montreal, Canada, to the University of Manchester, England. In the same year Niels Bohr (later known by some as ‘The Elephant’––he was one of the very few non–royal recipients of the Order of the Elephant), a 22–year–old student at the University of Copenhagen, received the gold medal of the Royal Danish Academy for his first research project, an experimental and theoretical study of water jets. During the next 30 years, until Rutherford's death in 1937, these two great scientists dominated quantum physics. Rutherford was the father of nuclear physics; together they founded atomic physics; and, with their students and colleagues, they were responsible for the great majority of the decisive advances made in the inter–war years. This lecture tells the story of the development in quantum physics, and makes some comparisons between Bohr and Rutherford–as men and scientists–drawing especially on their extensive correspondence between 1912 and 1937, the material that Bohr gathered in connection with the publication in 1961 of his Rutherford Memorial Lecture, the interviews that he gave just before his death in 1962, and other published and unpublished material from the Niels Bohr Archive in Copenhagen.

STOL—Some Possibilities and Limitations

1966 ◽  
Vol 70 (669) ◽  
pp. 825-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Mair
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Gold Medal ◽  
Wind Tunnels ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
Subsonic Speed ◽  
Lecture Theatre ◽  
Aeronautical Engineering ◽  
Chief Interest ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Manchester

The Ninth Lanchester Memorial Lecture was given by Professor W. A. Mair, MA, FRAeS, on “STOL—Some Possibilities and Limitations” in the Society's Lecture Theatre on 12th May 1966. The Chair was taken by the President, Mr. A. D. Baxter, MEng, CEng, FRAeS. Before the lecture he presented the Society's Gold Medal for 1965 to Professor M. J. Lighthill, DSc, FRS, FRAeS, for “his outstanding original work in many fields of Aeronautics”, explaining that Professor Lighthill had been unable to be present at the Wilbur and Orville Wright Memorial Lecture in December 1965 when the Society's main awards for the year were presented.The President then said that this was the first meeting of the Society since his installation as President and it was a very pleasant way to start his year in office with first, the presentation of the Gold Medal to one distinguished scientist and second, the introduction of another as the Lanchester Memorial Lecturer.There would be many members of the Society who would remember Dr. Lanchester, his attendance at lectures and his contributions to the discussions. It was true, however, that the real stature of such men was rarely recognised at close quarters and often only in the light of later developments was the importance of their work realised. It was 20 years since Dr. Lanchester's death and their Memorial Lecture was in its ninth year. Each year, each President had added a tribute to this great man. He was a man of many parts—a scientist, musician, poet and engineer and aeronautics owed much to him. It was fitting that the Lecture had established a tradition of surveying some field of research associated with aerodynamics, in which Lanchester was so eminent. He thought that Lanchester would approve of both the subjects discussed and the distinguished men who had honoured his memory by presenting them. Before introducing Professor Mair he wished to welcome Mrs. Lanchester and Mr. George Lanchester and his wife, and Mrs. Mair.Professor Mair must be well known to most of them. After graduating in Mechanical Sciences at Cambridge in 1939 he had joined the Royal Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough, where he scent some six years in the Aerodynamics Department doing research on high subsonic speed, both in the wind tunnels and in full-scale flight. In 1946 he had gone to the University of Manchester as Director of the Fluid Motion Laboratory and since 1952 he had held the Francis Mond Chair of Aeronautical Engineering at Cambridge. His chief interest there had been mainly in low speed aerodynamics and his authority in that field was widely recognised. In 1963 he had been appointed Chairman of the Powered Lift Committee of the Aeronautical Research Council.

The Casson Memorial Lecture 1993: Traditions and Transitions — Issues for the Future

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Correia
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
The Future ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Manchester

This lecture was given on 25 June 1993 at the College of Occupational Therapists' 18th Annual Conference, held at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology.

The Rutherford Memorial Lecture, 1957

1958 ◽  
Vol 244 (1239) ◽  
pp. 437-455 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
Organization And Administration ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Times ◽  
Nuclear Atom ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Manchester

It is just fifty years since Rutherford took up his appointment as Langworthy Professor of Physics at the University of Manchester and there established the school of research which was to be so fruitful in great discoveries. It is less than iffy years since he first put forward the nuclear scheme of the structure of the atom. The spirit, the scale, the structure and, above all, the organization and [administration of research in physics has changed so much in these fifty years that the discoveries in question may truly be said to belong to another age, an age so remote as to seem closer to the times of Goethe and of Beethoven than to those of T. S. Eliot and of William Walton. It appeared to me possible that the aspiring young, among whom are numbered the Rutherfords of the future, might be interested to consider certain notable doings of that distant age, while they can still dear of them from one who was himself young at the time in question. I have therefore taken as my theme, for the Rutherford Memorial Lecture, the birth of the nuclear atom, which dominates so much of the physics of today. And, as, in dealing with any notable birth, it is usual and proper to say something about ancestry, I shall begin with those early speculations on the structure of the atom which led up to the conception of Rutherford's model.

Temptations of theory, strategies of evidence: P. M. S. Blackett and the earth's magnetism, 1947–52

1999 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARY JO NYE
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Electrons And Positrons ◽  
Experimental Physicist ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Manchester ◽  
Experimental Researches

In the late spring of 1947, the experimental physicist P. M. S. Blackett succumbed to the temptations of theory. At this time, Blackett (1897–1974) was fifty years old. He was a veteran of the Cavendish tradition in particle physics and he was on his way to an unshared award of the 1948 Nobel Prize for his experimental researches in nuclear physics and cosmic-ray physics. His photographs of cloud-chamber tracks of alpha particles, protons, electrons and positrons were well known to practitioners of particle physics, even as they now grace the pages of physics textbooks.Blackett's turn toward theory in 1947 involved some risk for a well-established experimental physicist. The 3 May 1947 issue of Nature carried an announcement of his forthcoming lecture at the Royal Society:Professor P. M. S. Blackett, Langworthy Professor of Physics in the University of Manchester, will deliver a lecture on ‘The Magnetic Field of Massive Rotating Bodies’ at a meeting of the Royal Society on May 15, at 4:30 p.m.Blackett circulated a preliminary draft of his paper among colleagues in several different fields, including the geophysicist Sydney Chapman and the astrophysicist Harry Plaskett.

Cambridge and the Cavendish

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger H. Stuewer
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Trinity College ◽  
Cavendish Laboratory ◽  
Research School ◽  
Experimental Physics ◽  
University Of Cambridge ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Students ◽  
Peter Kapitza ◽  
The University

J.J. Thomson was elected Cavendish Professor of Experimental Physics at the University of Cambridge in 1884, and after new degree regulations were instituted in 1895, he led the Cavendish Laboratory to become the leading research school in experimental physics in the world. He relinquished the Cavendish Professorship in 1919 to become Master of Trinity College and was succeeded by his first research student, Ernest Rutherford, who led the Cavendish to become the leading research school in nuclear physics in the world. Rutherford attracted outstanding research students, among them Englishman John Cockcroft and Russian Peter Kapitza, both of whom were perceptive observers of Rutherford’s personality, style, and methods.

Willis Jackson, Baron Jackson of Burnley, 1904-1970

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 379-398
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Grammar School ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Manchester

Lord Jackson of Burnley, distinguished technologist, educationist, statesman of science and unforgettable personality, ‘Willis’ as he was known to his innumerable friends, died at the relatively early age of 65 on 17 February 1970, at the height of his career and in the midst of activities in the service of his country. Jackson was born in Burnley, Lancashire, the only son of Herbert Jackson, Parks Superintendent, and Annie née Hiley). From the start his motivations were strong, sufficient to obtain from Rosegrove Primary School (1909- 1916) a scholarship to Burnley Grammar School (1916-1922), and thence the rare distinction of a Burnley Educational Committee Scholarship of £60 per annum for three years to the University of Manchester. One of his oldest friends, Professor Jack Allen, writes of his undergraduate years—‘I remember clearly that it was generally recognized by students and staff that a “star” was among us, extremely gifted, very proud of Burnley, and happy to share his gifts with fellow-students not so bright as himself, and with a sparkle of fun in his eyes. He was apparently able to follow Professor Beattie’s highly original lectures without difficulty—an achievement which impressed the great majority, who found them quite baffling.’

scholarly journals Edwin Smith. 28 July 1931 — 4 July 2010

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 553-565
Author(s):  
Frederick Michael Burdekin ◽  
John Frederick Knott
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Plastic Flow ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
University Administration ◽  
Nuclear Power Generation ◽  
Joint Operation ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Manchester

Ted Smith is best known for his contributions to the analysis of continuous dislocations in deformed crystals and the application of this to understanding the conditions leading to plastic flow and fracture in metals. He applied his knowledge to a range of practical problems, particularly ones concerned with the structural integrity of key components in the nuclear power generation industry. His career spanned both industry and academia, including 20 years as Professor of Metallurgy at the University of Manchester, during which time he helped oversee the joint operation of the Departments of Metallurgy at both the University and UMIST and served at senior levels in the University administration. His research was frequently motivated by interactions with industry in consultancy work. He published over 500 papers, the great majority of which were of his sole authorship.

scholarly journals Geoffrey Jefferson, 1886-1961

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Medal ◽  
Undergraduate Teaching ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Childhood Home ◽  
Surgical Career ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Manchester ◽  
First World

Geoffrey Jefferson was born in County Durham on 10 April 1886, the son of Dr A. J. Jefferson, a well-known surgeon and general practitioner in Rochdale, Lancashire. His great-grandfather had served in the Royal Navy, being entered as midshipman to Captain Bligh, later of Bounty. He was educated at Manchester Grammar School, and thereafter in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Manchester. He graduated M.B., B.S. (London) in 1909, proceeding to the Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1911 and to the M.S.(London) with gold medal in 1913. For a time he was demonstrator of anatomy to Professor Elliott Smith. While in the last-named post, Jefferson made some contributions to the study of the cerebral sulci, and it was this introduction to the nervous system that stimulated his lifelong interest in this system, as anatomist, physiologist and surgeon. In 1914, Jefferson, having married a former fellow-student, Dr Gertrude Flumerfelt, herself to become a psychiatric physician of parts, decided to move to Vancouver, British Columbia, his wife’s childhood home, in the hope of opportunities of a surgical career. The pathway to opportunity, then, and still largely today, for an able and ambitious young physician or surgeon was appointment to the staff of an undergraduate teaching hospital. Denied it by lack of vacancies at the relevant time, young medical graduates, now as then, migrate across the Atlantic and promising men are lost to us. But the first world war broke out shortly after the Jeffersons’ departure, and they speedily returned, Jefferson to join the staff of the Anglo-Russian Hospital organized by Sir Herbert Waterhouse. After some service in Russia, Jefferson went to France and with the 14th General Hospital began, under the hard conditions of the war, to gain his immense experience of the results of injury and infection of the brain, and of the narrow limits within which they could then be treated, at a time when the sulphonamides, the antibiotics and blood transfusions could not be called in aid and bacterial infection dominated the surgical scene.

Thinking About Scots Law

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Rodger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
The University

This article is the revised text of the first W A Wilson Memorial Lecture, given in the Playfair Library, Old College, in the University of Edinburgh, on 17 May 1995. It considers various visions of Scots law as a whole, arguing that it is now a system based as much upon case law and precedent as upon principle, and that its departure from the Civilian tradition in the nineteenth century was part of a general European trend. An additional factor shaping the attitudes of Scots lawyers from the later nineteenth century on was a tendency to see themselves as part of a larger Englishspeaking family of lawyers within the British Empire and the United States of America.

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