scholarly journals Time-optimized feeding is beneficial without enforced fasting

Open Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin P. Kelly ◽  
Kate L. J. Ellacott ◽  
Heidi Chen ◽  
Owen P. McGuinness ◽  
Carl Hirschie Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Daily Cycle ◽  
Temporal Coupling ◽  
Gain Loss ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Fat Feeding ◽  
Feeding Protocol

Time-restricted feeding (TRF) studies underscore that when food is consumed during the daily cycle is important for weight gain/loss because the circadian clock rhythmically modulates metabolism. However, the interpretation of previous TRF studies has been confounded by study designs that introduced an extended period of enforced fasting. We introduce a novel time-optimized feeding (TOF) regimen that disentangles the effects of phase-dependent feeding from the effects of enforced fasting in mice, as well as providing a laboratory feeding protocol that more closely reflects the eating patterns of humans who usually have 24 hour access to food. Moreover, we test whether a sudden switch from ad libitum food access to TRF evokes a corticosterone (stress) response. Our data indicate that the timing of high-fat feeding under TOF allows most of the benefit of TRF without obligatory fasting or evoking a stress response. This benefit occurs through stable temporal coupling of carbohydrate/lipid oxidation with feeding. These results highlight that timing the ingestion of calorically dense foods to optimized daily phases will enhance lipid oxidation and thereby limit fat accumulation.

165-LB: The SGLT2 Inhibitor Canagliflozin Prevents Increased Lipid Oxidation in the Heart following High-Fat Feeding

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 165-LB
Author(s):  
ITZEL FLORES ◽  
CHRIS SHANNON ◽  
MARCEL FOURCAUDOT ◽  
TERRY BAKEWELL ◽  
LUKE NORTON
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Sglt2 Inhibitor ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fat Feeding

Eating breakfast and avoiding the evening snack sustains lipid oxidation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Parsons Kelly ◽  
Owen P. McGuinness ◽  
Maciej Buchowski ◽  
Jacob J. Hughey ◽  
Heidi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Daily Cycle ◽  
Meal Timing ◽  
Circadian Control ◽  
Late Evening ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Random Crossover ◽  
Core Body

SUMMARYCircadian (daily) regulation of metabolic pathways implies that food may be metabolized differentially over the daily cycle. To test that hypothesis, we monitored the metabolism of older subjects in a whole-room respiratory chamber over two separate 56-h sessions in a random crossover design. In one session, one of the three daily meals was presented as breakfast whereas in the other session, a nutritionally equivalent meal was presented as a late-evening snack. The duration of the overnight fast was the same for both sessions. Whereas the two sessions did not differ in overall energy expenditure, the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was different during sleep between the two sessions. Unexpectedly, this difference in RER due to daily meal timing was not due to daily differences in physical activity, sleep disruption, or core body temperature. Rather, we found that the daily timing of nutrient availability coupled with daily/circadian control of metabolism drives a switch in substrate preference such that the late-evening snack session resulted in significantly lower lipid oxidation compared to the breakfast session. Therefore, the timing of meals during the day/night cycle affects how ingested food is oxidized or stored in humans with important implications for optimal eating habits.

Maternal exercise alters rat fetoplacental stress response: Minimal effects of maternal growth restriction and high-fat feeding

Placenta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Yeukai TM. Mangwiro ◽  
James SM. Cuffe ◽  
Mark H. Vickers ◽  
Clare M. Reynolds ◽  
Dayana Mahizir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Maternal Exercise ◽  
Fat Feeding

scholarly journals Exercise training alters effect of high-fat feeding on the ACTH stress response in pigs

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Jankord ◽  
Venkataseshu K. Ganjam ◽  
James R. Turk ◽  
Marc T. Hamilton ◽  
M. Harold Laughlin
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Acute Stressor ◽  
Hpa Axis Activity ◽  
Fat Feeding

Eating and physical activity behaviors influence neuroendocrine output. The purpose of this study was to test, in an animal model of diet-induced cardiovascular disease, the effects of high-fat feeding and exercise training on hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis activity. We hypothesized that a high-fat diet would increase circulating free fatty acids (FFAs) and decrease the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol response to an acute stressor. We also hypothesized that exercise training would reverse the high-fat diet-induced changes in FFAs and thereby restore the ACTH and cortisol response. Pigs were placed in 1 of 4 groups (normal diet, sedentary; normal diet, exercise training; high-fat diet, sedentary; high-fat diet, exercise training; n = 8/group). Animals were placed on their respective dietary and activity treatments for 16–20 weeks. After completion of the treatments animals were anesthetized and underwent surgical intubation. Blood samples were collected after surgery and the ACTH and cortisol response to surgery was determined and the circulating concentrations of FFAs, glucose, cholesterol, insulin, and IGF-1 were measured. Consistent with our hypothesis, high-fat feeding increased FFAs by 200% and decreased the ACTH stress response by 40%. In exercise-trained animals, the high-fat diet also increased FFA; however, the increase in FFA in exercise-trained pigs was accompanied by a 60% increase in the ACTH response. The divergent effect of high-fat feeding on ACTH response was not expected, as exercise training alone had no effect on the ACTH response. Results demonstrate a significant interaction between diet and exercise and their effect on the ACTH response. The divergent effects of high-fat diet could not be explained by changes in weight gain, blood glucose, insulin, or IGF-1, as these were altered by high-fat feeding, but unaffected by exercise training. Thus, the increase in FFA with high-fat feeding may explain the blunted ACTH response to an acute stressor in sedentary animals, but cannot explain the exaggerated response in exercise trained animals.

26 Extending the Shelf-life of Beef Bone-in Short Rib Steaks Using Acerola Cherry Powder and Rosemary Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 29-30
Author(s):  
Jessie B Van Buren ◽  
Brianna Buseman ◽  
Tanya Weber ◽  
James Nasados ◽  
Jessica M Lancaster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Rosemary Extract ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Export Demand ◽  
Retail Display

Abstract Improving the shelf-life of beef bone-in short rib steaks, which are commonly exported, will increase beef export demand and subsequently producer profits. The objective was to determine the effect of the topical application of acerola cherry powder and rosemary extract from various suppliers on beef bone-in short rib shelf-life. Beef bone-in short ribs (IMPS 123A) (n = 18) from USDA Choice carcasses were aged for 28 days post-fabrication at 0°C. Steaks 1.02 cm-thick were systematically assigned based on location to treatments including: untreated control (C), topically sprayed (~2ml) with an acerola cherry powder solution (0.05%) from one of three suppliers (C1, C2, C3), or topically sprayed (~2ml) with a rosemary extract solution (0.10%) from one of three suppliers (R1, R2, R3). Steaks were assigned to day 0 lipid oxidation or 4 days of retail display followed by day 4 lipid oxidation. Steaks were weighed on day 0 and 4 to determine fluid loss. Throughout retail display, objective and subjective color were measured twice daily on the lean and bone marrow portions of the steaks. Data were analyzed using the Mixed Model procedure of the Statistical Analysis System. Lipid oxidation (P = 0.323) did not differ between treatments. However, treatments differed in fluid loss (P = 0.024), where steaks treated with C1, C2, C3, R2, and R3 had less fluid lost than control steaks. Subjective color evaluation of lean color (P < 0.0001) and uniformity (P < 0.001) differed between treatments. Steaks treated with C1, C2, C3, and R3 were a brighter red than control steaks. Treatments differed when measuring bone marrow L* (P < 0.001), a* (P < 0.001), and b* (P = 0.004), where R3 treated marrow was the darkest, reddest, and yellowest. Natural antioxidants, specifically acerola cherry powder and rosemary extract, improved steak color and water holding capacity of beef bone-in short ribs aged for an extended period.

scholarly journals Extending the shelf-life of beef steaks using acerola cherry powder and rosemary extract

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie B Van Buren ◽  
Brianna J Buseman ◽  
Tanya M Weber ◽  
James A Nasados ◽  
Jessica M Lancaster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Rosemary Extract ◽  
Beef Products ◽  
Beef Steaks ◽  
Retail Display ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
Shelf Life Stability

Improvements in retail shelf-life of exported beef will help with merchandising and increase competitiveness in the worldwide market for US beef products. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of topically applying acerola cherry powder or rosemary extract from various suppliers on beef bone-in short rib steak and chuck roll steak shelf-life. USDA Choice beef bone-in short ribs (IMPS 123A) and chuck rolls (IMPS 116A) were aged (0°C) for 28 d post-fabrication. Following aging, 1.02 cm-thick steaks were cut (N = 126) and systematically assigned to a treatment based on steak location within the subprimal. Treatments included: untreated control (C), topically sprayed (2ml) with an acerola cherry powder solution (0.05%) from one of three suppliers (C1, C2, C3), or topically sprayed (2ml) with a rosemary extract solution (0.10%) from one of three suppliers (R1, R2, R3). Half of the steaks were assigned to d 0 lipid oxidation, metmyoglobin reducing activity (MRA), and oxygen consumption; the remaining steaks were assigned to color evaluation over 4 days of retail display followed by d 4 lipid oxidation and MRA. Short rib steaks treated with antioxidants had a brighter oxygenated lean color than control steaks (P < 0.001). There was an interaction (P = 0.028) between time of retail display and MRA. Short rib steaks treated with C3 and R2 did not change in MRA between d 0 and 4 (P = 0.620, P = 0.428, respectively). Chuck roll steaks treated with C1, C2, C3, R2, and R3, all had a higher, or more desirable, MRA than the control steaks on d 0 (P < 0.001). Applying topical antioxidants improves the shelf-life stability of steaks from beef bone-in short ribs and chuck rolls aged for an extended period.

Reevaluation of the sand rat as a model for diabetes mellitus

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (5) ◽  
pp. E340-E345
Author(s):  
M. G. Rice ◽  
R. P. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Psammomys Obesus ◽  
North African ◽  
Sand Rat ◽  
The North ◽  
Human Diabetes ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
Insulin Responses

The North African sand rat, Psammomys obesus, has been claimed to be a valuable model for investigating diabetes. It has been reported that, in the laboratory with free access to food, sand rats overeat, become obese, and develop hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis. We have observed that, although sand rats from our colony become obese and hyperinsulinemic, hyperglycemia is rare and ketoacidosis is virtually nonexistent. Because age, obesity, and dietary sucrose have been reported to be risk factors for diabetes, we have attempted to cause diabetes in a large group of sand rats by inducing obesity through sucrose feeding over an extended period of time. Animals fed sucrose-rich diets were compared to controls fed normal carbohydrate (starch) diets. No group of animals studied over 18 mo developed hyperglycemia and virtually all groups maintained small but significant glucose-induced acute insulin responses. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance accompanied obesity, but there were no differences between dietary groups. Lean sand rats fed sucrose had higher circulating levels of triglyceride (TG) and accelerated TG secretion rates (TGSR) compared to lean controls. After a longer period of observation, all sand rats had elevated plasma TG levels, however, TGSR were normal, indicating that TG removal may have become defective. Although this animal is an excellent model in which to examine spontaneous obesity, Psammomys obesus is a poor model for the study of human diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Implications and Recommendations for Research, Education, and Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 827-827
Author(s):  
Janet Bettger ◽  
Susan Hughes ◽  
Mina Raj ◽  
Jaime Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Research Education ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Funding Mechanisms ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Widespread Dissemination

Abstract Throughout this symposium, we have advocated for increased attention to how the chronicity and complexity of older adults’ health might impact their ability to maintain health behaviors over time. This final presentation will explore some implications of this chronicity and complexity on research study designs, formal education and professional training, and routine clinical practice. For example, existing research designs and funding mechanisms such as tightly controlled randomized controlled trials within a five-year grant may not permit researchers to study behaviors over an extended period of time and to do so within the real-world environments and social contexts in which older adults live. In contrast, integrating principles of community-engaged and participatory research, adaptive designs, pragmatic trials, and implementation science may encourage researchers to design for widespread dissemination. This session will close with recommendations to enhance educational initiatives and professional development to promote cross-disciplinary teams.

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