scholarly journals Individual differences in human voice pitch are preserved from speech to screams, roars and pain cries

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 191642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Pisanski ◽  
Jordan Raine ◽  
David Reby
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Voice Pitch ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
Nonverbal Vocalizations ◽  
Acoustic Analyses ◽  
Socially Relevant

Fundamental frequency ( F 0, perceived as voice pitch) predicts sex and age, hormonal status, mating success and a range of social traits, and thus functions as an important biosocial marker in modal speech. Yet, the role of F 0 in human nonverbal vocalizations remains unclear, and given considerable variability in F 0 across call types, it is not known whether F 0 cues to vocalizer attributes are shared across speech and nonverbal vocalizations. Here, using a corpus of vocal sounds from 51 men and women, we examined whether individual differences in F 0 are retained across neutral speech, valenced speech and nonverbal vocalizations (screams, roars and pain cries). Acoustic analyses revealed substantial variability in F 0 across vocal types, with mean F 0 increasing as much as 10-fold in screams compared to speech in the same individual. Despite these extreme pitch differences, sexual dimorphism was preserved within call types and, critically, inter-individual differences in F 0 correlated across vocal types ( r = 0.36–0.80) with stronger relationships between vocal types of the same valence (e.g. 38% of the variance in roar F 0 was predicted by aggressive speech F 0). Our results indicate that biologically and socially relevant indexical cues in the human voice are preserved in simulated valenced speech and vocalizations, including vocalizations characterized by extreme F 0 modulation, suggesting that voice pitch may function as a reliable individual and biosocial marker across disparate communication contexts.

Non-Linguistic Factors in Oral Language Productivity

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 871-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith D. Gall ◽  
Amos K. Hobby ◽  
Kenneth H. Craik
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Oral Language ◽  
Specific Role ◽  
Visual Displays ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Degree Of Stability ◽  
High Degree

Individual differences in oral language productivity were assessed by word counts of Ss' spoken descriptions of 9 different visual displays. Women attained higher word counts than men in 8 of their 9 descriptions, in 3 instances to a statistically significant extent. Individual differences in oral language productivity showed a moderately high degree of stability across situations. The pattern of correlations between oral language productivity and personality variables differed in the samples of men and women. The sex-specific and situation-specific role of personality variables in oral language productivity is illustrated and discussed.

A sweet voice: The influence of crossmodal correspondences between taste and vocal pitch on advertising effectiveness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Motoki ◽  
Toshiki Saito ◽  
Rui Nouchi ◽  
Ryuta Kawashima ◽  
Motoaki Sugiura
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Information ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Advertising Effectiveness ◽  
Voice Pitch ◽  
Crossmodal Correspondences ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Vocal Pitch ◽  
Crossmodal Correspondence

Crossmodal correspondences have been increasingly reported in recent scholarship, and pitch–taste associations have been observed. People consistently associate high-pitched vocal tones with sweet/sour foods, while low-pitched tones tend to be associated with bitter foods. The human voice is key in broadcast advertising, and the role of voice in communication generally is partly characterized by acoustic parameters of pitch. However, it remains unknown whether voice pitch and other senses relevant to product attributes (e.g., taste) interactively influence consumer behavior. Since congruent sensory information is desirable, it is plausible that voice pitch and taste interactively guide consumers’ responses to advertising. Based on the crossmodal correspondence phenomenon, this study aimed to elucidate the role played by voice pitch/taste correspondences in advertising effectiveness. Participants listened to voiceover advertisements (at a high or low pitch) for three food products with distinct tastes (sweet, sour, and bitter) and rated their buying intention (an indicator of advertising effectiveness). The results show that the participants were likely to exhibit greater buying intention toward both sweet and sour food when they listened to high-pitched (vs. low-pitched) voiceover advertisements. The effects for sweet food occurred when the vocal pitch was considerably high (Studies 2 and 3), but not when pitch was only moderately high (Study 1). The influence of high pitch on sour food preferences was somewhat inconsistent. These findings emphasize the role that voice pitch/taste correspondence plays in preference formation, and advance the applicability of crossmodal correspondences to business.

A Sweet Voice: The Influence of Cross-Modal Correspondences Between Taste and Vocal Pitch on Advertising Effectiveness

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 401-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Motoki ◽  
Toshiki Saito ◽  
Rui Nouchi ◽  
Ryuta Kawashima ◽  
Motoaki Sugiura
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Advertising Effectiveness ◽  
Voice Pitch ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
Sweet Food

Abstract We have seen a rapid growth of interest in cross-modal correspondences between sound and taste over recent years. People consistently associate higher-pitched sounds with sweet/sour foods, while lower-pitched sounds tend to be associated with bitter foods. The human voice is key in broadcast advertising, and the role of voice in communication generally is partly characterized by acoustic parameters of pitch. However, it remains unknown whether voice pitch and taste interactively influence consumer behavior. Since consumers prefer congruent sensory information, it is plausible that voice pitch and taste interactively influence consumers’ responses to advertising stimuli. Based on the cross-modal correspondence phenomenon, this study aimed to elucidate the role played by voice pitch–taste correspondences in advertising effectiveness. Participants listened to voiceover advertisements (at a higher or lower pitch than the original narrator’s voice) for three food products with distinct tastes (sweet, sour, and bitter) and rated their buying intention (an indicator of advertising effectiveness). The results show that the participants were likely to exhibit greater buying intention toward both sweet and sour food when they listened to higher-pitched (vs lower-pitched) voiceover advertisements. The influence of a higher pitch on sweet and sour food preferences was observed in only two of the three studies: studies 1 and 2 for sour food, and studies 2 and 3 for sweet food. These findings emphasize the role that voice pitch–taste correspondence plays in preference formation, and advance the applicability of cross-modal correspondences to business.

scholarly journals Human voice pitch measures are robust across a variety of speech recordings: methodological and theoretical implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Pisanski ◽  
Agata Groyecka-Bernard ◽  
Piotr Sorokowski
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Voice Pitch ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Nonverbal Vocalizations ◽  
Functional Relevance

Fundamental frequency ( f o ), perceived as voice pitch, is the most sexually dimorphic, perceptually salient and intensively studied voice parameter in human nonverbal communication. Thousands of studies have linked human f o to biological and social speaker traits and life outcomes, from reproductive to economic. Critically, researchers have used myriad speech stimuli to measure f o and infer its functional relevance, from individual vowels to longer bouts of spontaneous speech. Here, we acoustically analysed f o in nearly 1000 affectively neutral speech utterances (vowels, words, counting, greetings, read paragraphs and free spontaneous speech) produced by the same 154 men and women, aged 18–67, with two aims: first, to test the methodological validity of comparing f o measures from diverse speech stimuli, and second, to test the prediction that the vast inter-individual differences in habitual f o found between same-sex adults are preserved across speech types. Indeed, despite differences in linguistic content, duration, scripted or spontan­­eous production and within-individual variability, we show that 42–81% of inter-individual differences in f o can be explained between any two speech types. Beyond methodological implications, together with recent evidence that inter-individual differences in f o are remarkably stable across the lifespan and generalize to emotional speech and nonverbal vocalizations, our results further substantiate voice pitch as a robust and reliable biomarker in human communication.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

Two Short Tests Fail to Detect Vigilance Decrements

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Botella ◽  
María José Contreras ◽  
Pei-Chun Shih ◽  
Víctor Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
Job Selection ◽  
Performance Deterioration ◽  
Short Test ◽  
Psychological Dimensions

Summary: Deterioration in performance associated with decreased ability to sustain attention may be found in long and tedious task sessions. The necessity for assessing a number of psychological dimensions in a single session often demands “short” tests capable of assessing individual differences in abilities such as vigilance and maintenance of high performance levels. In the present paper two tasks were selected as candidates for playing this role, the Abbreviated Vigilance Task (AVT) by Temple, Warm, Dember, LaGrange and Matthews (1996) and the Continuous Attention Test (CAT) by Tiplady (1992) . However, when applied to a sample of 829 candidates in a job-selection process for air-traffic controllers, neither of them showed discriminative capacity. In a second study, an extended version of the CAT was applied to a similar sample of 667 subjects, but also proved incapable of properly detecting individual differences. In short, at least in a selection context such as that studied here, neither of the tasks appeared appropriate for playing the role of a “short” test for discriminating individual differences in performance deterioration in sustained attention.

Individual Differences in the Name Similarity Effect

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Howard ◽  
Roger A. Kerin
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Impression Management ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Brand Attitude ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Similarity Effect ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Usage Context

The name similarity effect is the tendency to like people, places, and things with names similar to our own. Although many researchers have examined name similarity effects on preferences and behavior, no research to date has examined whether individual differences exist in susceptibility to those effects. This research reports the results of two experiments that examine the role of self-monitoring in moderating name similarity effects. In the first experiment, name similarity effects on brand attitude and purchase intentions were found to be stronger for respondents high, rather than low, in self-monitoring. In the second experiment, the interactive effect observed in the first study was found to be especially true in a public (vs. private) usage context. These findings are consistent with theoretical expectations of name similarity effects as an expression of egotism manifested in the image and impression management concerns of high self-monitors.

The Role of Distress Disclosure Tendencies in the Experience and Expression of Laboratory-Induced Sadness

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey H. Kahn ◽  
Daniel W. Cox ◽  
A. Myfanwy Bakker ◽  
Julia I. O’Loughlin ◽  
Agnieszka M. Kotlarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
Distress Disclosure ◽  
Computerized Text Analysis

Abstract. The benefits of talking with others about unpleasant emotions have been thoroughly investigated, but individual differences in distress disclosure tendencies have not been adequately integrated within theoretical models of emotion. The purpose of this laboratory research was to determine whether distress disclosure tendencies stem from differences in emotional reactivity or differences in emotion regulation. After completing measures of distress disclosure tendencies, social desirability, and positive and negative affect, 84 participants (74% women) were video recorded while viewing a sadness-inducing film clip. Participants completed post-film measures of affect and were then interviewed about their reactions to the film; these interviews were audio recorded for later coding and computerized text analysis. Distress disclosure tendencies were not predictive of the subjective experience of emotion, but they were positively related to facial expressions of sadness and happiness. Distress disclosure tendencies also predicted judges’ ratings of the verbal disclosure of emotion during the interview, but self-reported disclosure and use of positive and negative emotion words were not associated with distress disclosure tendencies. The authors present implications of this research for integrating individual differences in distress disclosure with models of emotion.

Sex Differences in Time Production Revisited

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Glicksohn ◽  
Yamit Hadad
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Internal Clock ◽  
Target Duration ◽  
Log P ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Time Production ◽  
T Score

Individual differences in time production should indicate differences in the rate of functioning of an internal clock, assuming the existence of such a clock. And sex differences in time production should reflect a difference in the rate of functioning of that clock between men and women. One way of approaching the data is to compute individual regressions of produced duration (P) on target duration (T), after log transformation, and to derive estimates for the intercept and the slope. One could investigate a sex difference by comparing these estimates for men and women; one could also contrast them by looking at mean log(P). Using such indices, we found a sex difference in time production, female participants having a relatively faster internal clock, making shorter time productions, and having a smaller exponent. The question is whether a sex difference in time production would be found using other methods for analyzing the data: (1) the P/T ratio; (2) an absolute discrepancy (|P-T|) score; and (3) an absolute error (|P-T|/T) score. For the P/T ratio, female participants have a lower mean ratio in comparison to the male participants. In contrast, the |P-T| and |P-T|/T indices seem to be seriously compromised by wide individual differences.

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