The effect of gamma irradiation on cell division in tissue culture
            in vitro

The experiments described in the following paper were carried out in order to study the quantitative effects of gamma radiation upon mitosis in tissue cultures in vitro . They form part of a larger investigation into the causes of the disappearance of certain types of new growth as a result of irradiation. Strangeways and Oakley carried out qualitative experiments with X-rays on tissue cultures in vitro . They showed that there was a diminution in the number of cells undergoing mitosis. This has subsequently been shown in the case of radium by Canti and Donaldson.

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The effect of gamma irradiation on cell division in tissue culture in vitro .—Part II

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character ◽

10.1098/rspb.1929.0030 ◽

1929 ◽

Vol 105 (734) ◽

pp. 93-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Cell Division ◽

Gamma Irradiation ◽

Gamma Rays ◽

X Rays ◽

Tissue Cultures ◽

Long Period ◽

Silk Worm ◽

Number Of Cells

In a previous paper (1) the effects of the gamma rays of radium upon the number of cells in mitosis in tissue cultures has been described, the cultures being examined 80 minutes after irradiation. Under the conditions of the experiment it was shown that there was a threshold of intensity below which no diminution in the number of cells in mitosis was apparent, and also a threshold of time for each intensity which must be exceeded before diminution could be observed. Gilman and Baetjer (2) showed that there was an acceleration in the development of the eggs of Amblystoma after irradiation by X-rays. Hastings, Beckton and Wedd (4) showed an increase in the rate of hatching out of silk-worm eggs which had been irradiated by X-rays; and Lazarus-Barlow and Beckton (3) showed that small intensities of beta-rays acting for a long period were followed by a greater rate of cell division in the eggs of Ascaris Megalocephala . In the case of tissue cultures Canti and Donaldson (5) described an experiment in which cessation of mitosis having been caused by exposure to the gamma rays of radium a return of mitosis was observed after removal of the radium. Since the completion of the present experiments it has been shown by Spear (6) that by lowering the temperature of tissue cultures to 0° C. for 4 hours and subsequently incubating for various periods there is a fall in the number of cells in mitosis followed by a return in increased numbers which is compensatory.

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Metabolism of cells in tissue culture in vitro

Experimental Cell Research ◽

10.1016/0014-4827(62)90208-2 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 129-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

J. Michl

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Culture In Vitro

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Patterns of pigmentation in experimentally produced mouse chimaerae

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.12.4.575 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 575-585

Author(s):

Andrzej K. Tarkowski

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Annual Meeting ◽

Histological Analysis ◽

Present Report ◽

General Description ◽

Tissue Culture Association ◽

Culture In Vitro ◽

Pigment Synthesis

A General description of the development of mouse chimaerae and an account of the techniques for their production were given in previous reports (Tarkowski, 1961, 1963). The chimaeric character of the embryos and young obtained was tentatively claimed in the first of these publications because (1) the actual union of two eggs into one blastocyst was seen in culture in vitro, (2) of the occurrence of intersexes, (3) pigment synthesis of the types of the dark component occurred in the majority of individuals developed from pairs of eggs differing genetically in factors for pigmentation. The last criterion was met only by macroscopic search for pigment in the eyes. The present report gives a more detailed description of the distribution of pigment forming cells in these animals, based on histological analysis. Some remarks on the validity and applicability of such a criterion for estimating the degree of chimaerism were made at the 13th Annual Meeting of the Tissue Culture Association (Tarkowski 1963).

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Tests by Tissue Culture Methods on the Nature of Immunity Transplanted Skin

Journal of Cell Science ◽

10.1242/jcs.s3-89.7.239 ◽

1948 ◽

Vol s3-89 (7) ◽

pp. 239-252

Author(s):

P. B. MEDAWAR

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Cell Division ◽

Epidermal Cell ◽

Cell Suspensions ◽

Acquired Immunity ◽

Culture Methods ◽

Division Frequency

The transplantation of skin from one rabbit to another elicits a reaction that conforms in main outline with that of an actively acquired immunity. The experiments described in this paper were designed to test the hypothesis that the regression of such grafts is secured by the action of antibodies demonstrable in vitro. Skin from adult rabbits has therefore been cultivated in the presence of serum and growing mesenchymal tissues derived solely from rabbits heavily and specifically immunized against it. Immune sera and tissues are without effect on the survival, cell-division frequency and migratory activities of explanted skin, and agglutinins for epidermal cell suspensions are not demonstrable in immune sera. With certain stated qualifications, it has therefore been concluded that the occurrence of free antibodies is not a sufficient explanation of the regression of skin homografts in vivo.

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Degradation and Anticarboxylesterase Activity of Disulfoton and Phorate after 60Co Gamma Irradiation

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/52.4.805 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 805-811

Author(s):

D L Grant ◽

C R Sherwood ◽

K A Mccully

Keyword(s):

Gamma Radiation ◽

Gamma Irradiation ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Brilliant Green ◽

Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽

Beef Liver ◽

Oxygen Analog ◽

60Co Gamma ◽

Dose Levels

Abstract Disulfoton and phorate were subjected to gamma radiation from 60Co at dose levels of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 Mrad. The inhibition of beef liver carboxylesterases by disulfoton and phorate in vitro was greater with increasing doses of radiation. The degradation of these organophosphorus pesticides was monitored by GLC with electron capture and phosphorus detectors, by TLC with detection by Brilliant green, and by enzyme inhibition with 5-bromoindoxyl acetate as substrate. The pesticides were degraded to the greatest extent in hexane or acetone solution. Less decomposition occurred at low temperatures. The sulfoxide and oxygen analog were present in most irradiated samples. The sulfone, oxygen analog sulfone, and oxygen analog sulfoxide were present in some of the disulfoton and phorate samples which were irradiated with 4 Mrad.

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