Silk Fibroin: A Promising Tool for Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration

Silk is a functional protein biomaterial produced by a variety of insects like flies, silkworms, scorpions, spiders, and mites. Silk synthesized by silkworms is extensively studied for its applications in tissue engineering and wound healing. Silk is undoubtedly a natural biocompatible material with humans and has its role in medical treatments from ancient times. The silk worm protein comprises two types of proteins namely fibroin and sericin. Silk fibroin makes up approximately 70% of cocoon weight and has wide applications in textiles and in all biomedical applications owing to its biocompatible, nontoxic, biodegradable, less immunogenic, and noncarcinogenic nature. It possesses outstanding toughness and mechanical strength, while silk sericin possesses high defensive ability against ultraviolet light and oxidation. Silk fibroin has been known to induce wound healing by increasing cell proliferation and growth and migrating various types of cells which are involved in different stages of wound healing process. With several silk varieties like silk worm fibroin, silk sericin, recombinant silk materials, and native spider silk have been investigated for its wound healing applications over the last several decades. With an objective of harnessing the silk regenerative properties, plentiful strategies have been studied and applied to develop bioartificial skin grafts and bioactive wound dressings in recent times. This review gives a detailed insight into the structure, general properties, fibroin structure-properties relationship, and biomedical applications of silk fibroin.

GREEN MUSSEL (Perna viridis) AND SILKWORM (Tubifex sp.) FEEDING TRIAL AS AN ALTERNATIVE FEED FOR CRAYFISH SEEDS (Cherax quadricarinatus)

The high cost of shrimp or lobster feed is also a problem in the sustainability of aquaculture, even though freshwater crayfish, including eaters, require proper and relatively cheap feed selection. One source of feed that can be used as an alternative is green clams and silk worms. This study aims to determine which feed is better and more affordable for freshwater lobster seeds, so that the sustainability of cultivation can be well maintained in terms of economy, quality and quantity. The method used was descriptive comparing between the two feeds given a dose of each treatment, namely 10% of the lobster seed biomass, then analyzed using a 95% confidence level t-test. The results showed a significant effect (P <0.05), on the absolute length growth and absolute weight of freshwater lobster seeds. The absolute length of the seeds given green shellfish feed is 0.94 ± 0.38 cm and silkworm feed is 0.66 ± 0.27 cm, for the absolute weight of green shellfish feed is 5.11 ± 0.38 gr and silk worm feed 2.68 ± 0.18 gr. The best results from the two feeding treatments for freshwater lobster seeds were using green shellfish feed with an absolute weight value of 5.11 ± 0.38 gr and the absolute length is 0.94 ± 0.38 cm. So that green shellfish feed can be used as a better alternative feed for the cultivation of freshwater lobster seed enlargement.

Morus nigra (black mulberry).

M. nigra is a small to medium-size tree up to 10 m tall. It originates from Iran and is slow growing, deciduous and dioecious. For centuries, it has been cultivated in many countries in the world for leaf and fruit production. The leaves are used for silk worm rearing and as fodder for livestock. The fruits are edible. It has high tolerance to drought, frost, cold and air pollutants. The only unsuitable region is the lowland tropics. It is widely planted as an ornamental tree and many types, varieties, and cultivars exist. It is an ideal wood for sports goods, tool handles, light construction and as a fuel. It can be propagated by seed, nursery seedlings, stem and branch cuttings and tissue culture.

PENGARUH VARIASI CAMPURAN PAKAN ( KOTORAN AYAM DAN AMPAS TAHU) DAN LAMA FERMENTASI TERHADAP BIOMASSA CACING SUTRA (Tubifex sp)

This study aims to determine the effect of various feed mixtures and fermentation time on silkworm biomass. The method used is an experimental method using a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatment in this study was the provision of a mixture of chicken manure and tofu dregs with a mixture of A = 50% tofu dregs mixture of chicken manure 50% B = 100% tofu dregs mixture of chicken manure. C = 75% chicken manure mixture to 25% tofu dregs. D = 25% chicken manure mixture to 75% tofu dregs. E = 0% chicken manure mixture 100% tofu dregs. The parameters measured in this study were silkworm biomass, with supporting data in the form of water temperature and pH. The data obtained were tabulated and analyzed by Two Ways Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) or TWO WAY ANOVA. Based on the results of the analysis, the sig. 0.005. eISSN 2716-473X p ISSN 2716-4748 Received: September 2020 Approved: Published: 2 Because of the sig. 0.005 from α 0.05, then H0 is accepted, which means there is no difference in silkworm biomass between A, B, C, D, and E, the variation in feed and fermentation time of 6 days and 10 days has no effect on the biomass of silk worms. The temperature obtained during the study ranged from 27º-28º, while the pH obtained during the study was 6-7. Keywords: Chicken Manure, Tofu Dregs, Fermentation, Biomass, Silk worm

Effect of non-digestible nanoparticles on animals’ health and behavior

The effect of air quality on human?s health has been extremely studied, nanoparticles in air can cause various diseases and even lead to death. However, the effect of non-digestible nanoparticles from food on physical and mental health has been seriously ignored, no report was seen in open literature. This paper uses silk worm as an experimental subject by feeding nanoparticles in food throughout their life, the results show that non-digestible nanoparticles can greatly change animal?s body morphology, behavior and longevity. This paper gives an unprecedented warning on food safety and drinking water.

Performance of Double Hybrid of Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) Fed on Leaf Raised under Different Fertilizer Schedules

Aim: The present study was aimed to see the performance of silk worm (Bombyx mori L.) double hybrid fed on leaf raised through splitting the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers. Study Design: Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Place and Duration of Study: College of Temperate Sericulture (CoTS) Mirgund, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), during 2017 and 2018. Methodology: The present investigation was carried out at the experimental farm of College of Temperate Sericulture-Mirgund. Goshoerami a popular variety of mulberry in the region was used for the study. Disease free layings (dfl’s) of the popular double hybrid were obtained from the Germplasm Bank maintained at College of Temperate Sericulture (CoTS) Mirgund. These dfl’s were incubated, brushed and reared up to 3rd instar en masse following the standard rearing procedure. After 3rd moult, 3 replications of 100 larvae in each treatment were maintained. Different larval and Cocoon parameters were recorded during the course of experimentation. Standard procedure was followed to record observations. The data was compiled and analyzed. Results: T11 recorded the shortest values for total larval and fifth instar larval duration being statistically at par with treatments/ fertilizer schedules T12, T9, T10, T3, T4, T1, T2 and T7. Weight of ten mature larvae was recorded higher in treatment T14 being statistically at par with treatments T13, T16 and T15 respectively. Cocoon yield per 10,000 larvae by number was recorded highest In T14 treatment, which was recorded statistically at par with treatments T13 and T16 respectively. Cocoon yield by weight was more in treatment T14 being at par with treatments T13 and T16. Pupation rate was found higher in treatment T14 being at par treatment T13. Conclusion: Double hybrid performed better under parameters like- total as well as fifth instar larval duration in case of fertilizer schedule - T11 (N3P2K1), while as in case of larval weight, cocoon yield by number and by weight and pupation rate, the hybrid performed better under T14 (N4P1K2) fertilizer Schedule.