Degradation and Anticarboxylesterase Activity of Disulfoton and Phorate after 60Co Gamma Irradiation

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-811
Author(s):  
D L Grant ◽  
C R Sherwood ◽  
K A Mccully
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Brilliant Green ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Beef Liver ◽  
Oxygen Analog ◽  
60Co Gamma ◽  
Dose Levels

Abstract Disulfoton and phorate were subjected to gamma radiation from 60Co at dose levels of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 Mrad. The inhibition of beef liver carboxylesterases by disulfoton and phorate in vitro was greater with increasing doses of radiation. The degradation of these organophosphorus pesticides was monitored by GLC with electron capture and phosphorus detectors, by TLC with detection by Brilliant green, and by enzyme inhibition with 5-bromoindoxyl acetate as substrate. The pesticides were degraded to the greatest extent in hexane or acetone solution. Less decomposition occurred at low temperatures. The sulfoxide and oxygen analog were present in most irradiated samples. The sulfone, oxygen analog sulfone, and oxygen analog sulfoxide were present in some of the disulfoton and phorate samples which were irradiated with 4 Mrad.

Extension of Storage Life of Papayas Grown in Puerto Rico by Gamma Radiation Treatments

1969 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 314-319
Author(s):  
Vachira Jiravatana ◽  
José Cuevas-Ruiz ◽  
Horace D. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Maximum Delay ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Radiation Treatments ◽  
Dose Levels

Shelf-life extension (measured as ripening delay) and the retention of nutrients in irradiated P. R. 965 papayas have been investigated at constant storage temperature and relative humidity. The major findings were: 1. The ripening process in irradiated papayas was delayed up to 7 days by the use of gamma radiation treatments. The maximum delay in ripening was achieved by 25 to 50 Krads treatments, while the 100 Krad treatment showed a slight stimulation of ripening in storage. 2. Some destruction of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) seemed to have been effected by the gamma irradiation, although there were only slight differences between dose levels. 3. The level of total carotenoids was not affected by gamma radiation. During storage, there was a marked increase in these pigments as the papayas ripened. 4. Gamma irradiation inhibited fungal proliferation on papaya fruit even at dosages of 25 Krad. 5. There was no effect observed at the dosages studied on the skin of the fruit which developed its characteristic bright yellow color when ripe.

scholarly journals The effect of gamma irradiation on cell division in tissue culture in vitro

1927 ◽  
Vol 102 (714) ◽  
pp. 92-101 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Culture In Vitro ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Number Of Cells

The experiments described in the following paper were carried out in order to study the quantitative effects of gamma radiation upon mitosis in tissue cultures in vitro . They form part of a larger investigation into the causes of the disappearance of certain types of new growth as a result of irradiation. Strangeways and Oakley carried out qualitative experiments with X-rays on tissue cultures in vitro . They showed that there was a diminution in the number of cells undergoing mitosis. This has subsequently been shown in the case of radium by Canti and Donaldson.

EFFECT OF GAMMA RADIATION ON THE UTILIZATION OF WHEAT STRAW BY RUMEN MICROORGANISMS

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. Pritchard ◽  
W. J. Pigden ◽  
D. J. Minson
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Acid ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
Feeding Value

The effects of gamma radiation from Cobalt-60 upon the feeding value of wheat straw were determined by in vitro fermentations with rumen microorganisms. Exposure of the straw to dosages of 1 × 107 rads caused a slight increase in dry matter digestion whereas exposures of 1 × 108 rads or more caused a marked increase. The solubility of straw was also increased with dosages of 1 × 108 rads or more. However, increases in the volatile acid production from the fermentations were found only up to dosages of 2.5 × 108 rads, suggesting that above this level of radiation the carbohydrates are disintegrated to such a degree that they are no longer suitable substrates for rumen microorganisms. These findings confirm the presence of nutrients entrapped in wheat straw which can be made available to the rumen microorganisms, but the levels of gamma irradiation necessary for their release are well above what is practical for commercial operations.

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