scholarly journals Social learning of floral odours inside the honeybee hive

2005 ◽  
Vol 272 (1575) ◽  
pp. 1923-1928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter M Farina ◽  
Christoph Grüter ◽  
Paula C Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Waggle Dance ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Proboscis Extension Response ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Information Centre ◽  
Proboscis Extension

A honeybee hive serves as an information centre in which communication among bees allows the colony to exploit the most profitable resources in a continuously changing environment. The best-studied communication behaviour in this context is the waggle dance performed by returning foragers, which encodes information about the distance and direction to the food source. It has been suggested that another information cue, floral scents transferred within the hive, is also important for recruitment to food sources, as bee recruits are more strongly attracted to odours previously brought back by foragers in both honeybees and bumble-bees. These observations suggested that honeybees learn the odour from successful foragers before leaving the hive. However, this has never been shown directly and the mechanisms and properties of the learning process remain obscure. We tested the learning and memory of recruited bees in the laboratory using the proboscis extension response (PER) paradigm, and show that recruits indeed learn the nectar odours brought back by foragers by associative learning and retrieve this memory in the PER paradigm. The associative nature of this learning reveals that information was gained during mouth-to-mouth contacts among bees (trophallaxis). Results further suggest that the information is transferred to long-term memory. Associative learning of food odours in a social context may help recruits to find a particular food source faster.

scholarly journals Protein synthesis required for long-term memory is induced by PKC activation on days before associative learning

2005 ◽  
Vol 102 (45) ◽  
pp. 16432-16437 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Alkon ◽  
H. Epstein ◽  
A. Kuzirian ◽  
M. C. Bennett ◽  
T. J. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Associative Learning ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Pkc Activation

Rapid Associative Learning and Stable Long-Term Memory in the Squid Euprymna scolopes

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A. Zepeda ◽  
Robert J. Veline ◽  
Robyn J. Crook
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Euprymna Scolopes ◽  
Term Memory

The effects of continuous versus partial reinforcement schedules on associative learning, memory and extinction in Lymnaea stagnalis

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (8) ◽  
pp. 1171-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Sangha ◽  
Chloe McComb ◽  
Andi Scheibenstock ◽  
Christine Johannes ◽  
Ken Lukowiak
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Reinforcement Schedules ◽  
Conditioning Procedure ◽  
Term Memory

SUMMARY A continuous schedule of reinforcement (CR) in an operant conditioning procedure results in the acquisition of associative learning and the formation of long-term memory. A 50 % partial reinforcement (PR) schedule does not result in learning. The sequence of PR—CR training has different and significant effects on memory retention and resistance to extinction. A CR/PR schedule results in a longer-lasting memory than a PR/CR schedule. Moreover,the memory produced by the CR/PR schedule is resistant to extinction training. In contrast, extinction occurs following the PR/CR schedule.

Associative learning and memory duration in the parasitic wasp Lariophagus distinguendus

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Associative Learning ◽  
Parasitic Wasp ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Sitophilus Granarius ◽  
Granary Weevil ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Lariophagus Distinguendus

AbstractLariophagus distinguendus (Pteromalidae, Hymenoptera) is an ectoparasitoid of larvae of the granary weevil Sitophilus granarius which develop inside grains. Female parasitoids were trained by keeping them for 1 h on grains infested with their hosts in the presence of the odorant furfurylheptanoate (FFH). In olfactometer experiments, these wasps afterwards preferred the odour field containing FFH as compared to control fields. Control experiments with; i) naïve wasps; ii) wasps exposed to infested grains only; iii) to FFH only; and iv) to infested grains first and FFH later, did not reveal any response to FFH. This indicates that the reaction to FFH is caused by associative learning due to host experience as unconditioned stimulus. Experiments on the durability of the learned response demonstrated that host experience in the presence of FFH induces a memory that can be observed for at least 144 h and most likely is equivalent to long-term memory in honey bee Apis mellifera and Drosophila melanogaster.

Social learning within and across species: information transfer in mouse-eared bats

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa M.A. Clarin ◽  
Ivailo Borissov ◽  
Rachel A. Page ◽  
John M. Ratcliffe ◽  
Björn M. Siemers
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Observational Learning ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Initial Learning ◽  
Large Groups

Social learning describes information transfer between individuals through observation or direct interaction. Bats can live and forage in large groups, sometimes comprising several species, and are thus well suited for investigations of both intraspecific and interspecific information transfer. Although social learning has been documented within several bat species, it has not been shown to occur between species. Furthermore, it is not fully understood what level of interaction between individuals is necessary for social learning in bats. We address these questions by comparing the efficiency of observation versus interaction in intraspecific social learning and by considering interspecific social learning in sympatric bat species. Observers learned from demonstrators to identify food sources using a light cue. We show that intraspecific social learning exists in the greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis (Borkhausen, 1797)) and that direct interaction with a demonstrator more efficiently leads to information transfer than observational learning alone. We also found evidence for interspecific information transfer from M. myotis to the lesser mouse-eared bat (Myotis oxygnathus Monticelli, 1885). Additionally, we opportunistically retested one individual that we recaptured from the wild 1 year after initial learning and found long-term memory of the trained association. Our study adds to the understanding of learning, information transfer, and long-term memory in wild-living animals.

scholarly journals The Soma of RPeD1 Must Be Present for Long-Term Memory Formation of Associative Learning in Lymnaea

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 1584-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Scheibenstock ◽  
Darin Krygier ◽  
Zara Haque ◽  
Naweed Syed ◽  
Ken Lukowiak
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Pond Snail ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Identified Neuron ◽  
Respiratory Behavior ◽  
A Site

The cellular basis of long-term memory (LTM) storage is not completely known. We have developed a preparation where we are able to specify that a single identified neuron, Right Pedal Dorsal 1 (RPeD1), is a site of LTM formation of associative learning in the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. We demonstrated this by ablating the soma of the neuron but leaving behind its functional primary neurite, as evidenced by electrophysiological and behavioral analyses. The soma-less RPeD1 neurite continues to be a necessary participant in the mediation of aerial respiratory behavior, associative learning, and intermediate-term memory (ITM); however, LTM cannot be formed. However, if RPeD1's soma is ablated after LTM consolidation has occurred, LTM can still be accessed. Thus the soma of RPeD1 is a site of LTM formation.

Facilitated stimulus-response associative learning and long-term memory in mice lacking the NTAN1 amidase of the N-end rule pathway

2001 ◽  
Vol 892 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth A Balogh ◽  
Cary S McDowell ◽  
Yong Tae Kwon ◽  
Victor H Denenberg
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Stimulus Response

Amygdala Microcircuits

2017 ◽  
pp. 185-198
Author(s):  
Luke R. Johnson ◽  
Joseph E. LeDoux
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Conditioned Stimuli ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Appetitive Behavior ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Level Analysis

The amygdala is one of the most intensely researched regions in the brain for cell types and circuit connectivity that are linked closely to behavior. Most research into amygdala microcircuits and their function relates to Pavlovian threat conditioning. Microcircuit-level analysis of threat conditioning relates neuronal circuit responsivity to aversive unconditioned stimuli (UCS) and neutral conditioned stimuli (CS). The consequent associative learning leads to long-term memory formation. Amygdala circuits are also being studied in relation to the essential functional role in appetitive behavior. In this chapter, we describe the amygdala microcircuitry at several levels, including key afferent and efferent circuits, intra-amygdala circuits among major amygdala subdivisions and subcircuits within these subdivisions, and the plasticity within the circuits underlying associative learning.

scholarly journals Exposure to a biopesticide interferes with sucrose responsiveness and learning in honey bees

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Carlesso ◽  
Stefania Smargiassi ◽  
Lara Sassoli ◽  
Federico Cappa ◽  
Rita Cervo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Proboscis Extension Response ◽  
Main Determinant ◽  
Proboscis Extension ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Careful Assessment ◽  
Sucrose Responsiveness

AbstractThe entomopathogenic fungus Beauveriabassiana is a widely used biopesticide that is considered as an effective alternative to classical agrochemicals. B. bassiana is thought to be safe for pollinators although little is known about its side-effects on pollinators’ behaviour and cognition. Here, we focused on honey bees and used the proboscis extension response (PER) protocol to assess whether B. bassiana affects individual sucrose responsiveness, non-associative and associative olfactory learning and memory. Fungus-treated bees displayed an enhanced sucrose responsiveness, which could not be explained by metabolic alterations. Strikingly, exposed bees were twice as inconsistent as controls in response to sucrose, showing PER to lower but not to higher sucrose concentrations. Exposed bees habituated less to sucrose and had a better acquisition performance in the conditioning phase than controls. Further, neither mid- nor long-term memory were affected by the fungus. As sucrose responsiveness is the main determinant of division of foraging labour, these changes might unsettle the numerical ratio between the sub-castes of foragers leading to suboptimal foraging. Although the use of biocontrol strategies should be preferred over chemical pesticides, careful assessment of their side-effects is crucial before claiming that they are safe for pollinators.

scholarly journals Learning strategies and long-term memory in Asian short-clawed otters ( Aonyx cinereus )

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 201215
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Saliveros ◽  
Eleanor C. Blyth ◽  
Carrie Easter ◽  
Georgina V. Hume ◽  
Fraser McAusland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Social Learning Strategies

Social learning, where information is acquired from others, is taxonomically widespread. There is growing evidence that animals selectively employ ‘social learning strategies', which determine e.g. when to copy others instead of learning asocially and whom to copy. Furthermore, once animals have acquired new information, e.g. regarding profitable resources, it is beneficial for them to commit it to long-term memory (LTM), especially if it allows access to profitable resources in the future. Research into social learning strategies and LTM has covered a wide range of taxa. However, otters (subfamily Lutrinae), popular in zoos due to their social nature and playfulness, remained neglected until a recent study provided evidence of social learning in captive smooth-coated otters ( Lutrogale perspicillata ), but not in Asian short-clawed otters ( Aonyx cinereus ). We investigated Asian short-clawed otters' learning strategies and LTM performance in a foraging context. We presented novel extractive foraging tasks twice to captive family groups and used network-based diffusion analysis to provide evidence of a capacity for social learning and LTM in this species. A major cause of wild Asian short-clawed otter declines is prey scarcity. Furthering our understanding of how they learn about and remember novel food sources could inform key conservation strategies.

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