scholarly journals Sexually antagonistic genetic variance for fitness in an ancestral and a novel environment

2009 ◽  
Vol 276 (1664) ◽  
pp. 2009-2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Delcourt ◽  
Mark W. Blows ◽  
Howard D. Rundle
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Female Fitness ◽  
Sexual Antagonism ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Novel Environment ◽  
Variance Matrix ◽  
Standardized Measure

The intersex genetic correlation for fitness , a standardized measure of the degree to which male and female fitness covary genetically, has consequences for important evolutionary processes, but few estimates are available and none have explored how it changes with environment. Using a half-sibling breeding design, we estimated the genetic (co)variance matrix ( G ) for male and female fitness, and the resulting , in Drosophila serrata . Our estimates were performed in two environments: the laboratory yeast food to which the population was well adapted and a novel corn food. The major axis of genetic variation for fitness in the two environments, accounting for 51.3 per cent of the total genetic variation, was significant and revealed a strong signal of sexual antagonism, loading negatively in both environments on males but positively on females. Consequently, estimates of were negative in both environments (−0.34 and −0.73, respectively), indicating that the majority of genetic variance segregating in this population has contrasting effects on male and female fitness. The possible strengthening of the negative in this novel environment may be a consequence of no history of selection for amelioration of sexual conflict. Additional studies from a diverse range of novel environments will be needed to determine the generality of this finding.

scholarly journals Hidden genetic variation in plasticity increases the potential to adapt to novel environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg M. Walter ◽  
James Clark ◽  
Delia Terranova ◽  
Salvatore Cozzolino ◽  
Antonia Cristaudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Adaptive Plasticity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Rapid Adaptation ◽  
Novel Environment ◽  
Slow Adaptation ◽  
Novel Environments ◽  
Plastic Responses ◽  
Native Site

AbstractAdaptive plasticity increases population persistence, but can slow adaptation to changing environments by hiding the effects of different alleles on fitness. However, if plastic responses are no longer adaptive in novel environments, then differences among alleles can emerge and increase genetic variation in fitness that allows rapid adaptation. We tested this hypothesis by transplanting cuttings and seeds of a Sicilian daisy within and outside its native range, and quantifying variation in morphology, physiology, gene expression and fitness. We show that genetic variance in plasticity increases the potential for rapid adaptation to novel environments. Genetic variation in fitness was low across native environments where plasticity effectively tracked familiar environments. In the novel environment however, genetic variation in fitness increased threefold, and correlated with genetic variation in plasticity. Furthermore, genetic variation that can increase fitness in the novel environment had the lowest fitness at the native site, suggesting that adaptation to novel environments relies on genetic variation in plasticity that is selected against in native environments.

scholarly journals Rapid evolution of the inter-sexual genetic correlation for fitness in Drosophila melanogaster

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie M Collet ◽  
Sara Fuentes ◽  
Jack Hesketh ◽  
Mark S Hill ◽  
Paolo Innocenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
Female Fitness ◽  
Sexual Antagonism ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Frequency Changes ◽  
Large Frequency

Sexual antagonism (SA) arises when male and female phenotypes are under opposing selection, yet genetically correlated. Until resolved, antagonism limits evolution towards optimal sex-specific phenotypes. Despite its importance for sex-specific adaptation and existing theory, the dynamics of SA resolution are not well understood empirically. Here, we present data from Drosophila melanogaster, compatible with a resolution of SA. We compared two independent replicates of the 'LHM' population in which SA had previously been described. Both had been maintained under identical, controlled conditions, and separated for <250 generations. Although heritabilities of male and female fitness were similar, the inter-sexual genetic correlation differed significantly, being negative in one replicate (indicating SA) but close to zero in the other. Using population sequencing, we show that phenotypic differences were associated with population divergence in allele frequencies at non-random loci across the genome. Large frequency changes were more prevalent in the population without SA and were enriched at loci mapping to genes previously shown to have a sexually antagonistic relationships between expression and fitness. Our data suggest that rapid evolution towards SA resolution has occurred in one of the populations and open avenues towards studying the genetics of SA and its resolution.

scholarly journals Female Genotypes Affect Sperm Displacement in Drosophila

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 1487-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew G Clark ◽  
David J Begun
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Isogenic Line ◽  
Female Fitness ◽  
Sperm Displacement ◽  
Extensive Variation ◽  
Polymorphic Genes ◽  
Displacement Parameter ◽  
Competitive Success

Abstract Differential success of sperm is likely to be an important component of fitness. Extensive variation among male genotypes in competitive success of sperm in multiply mated females has been documented for Drosophila melanogaster. However, virtually all previous studies considered the female to be a passive vessel. Nevertheless, under certain conditions female fitness could be determined by her role in mediating use of sperm from multiple males. Here we ask whether females differ among genotypes in their tendency to exhibit last-male precedence. Competition of sperm from two tester male genotypes (bwD and B3-09, a third-chromosome isogenic line from Beltsville, MD) was quantified by doubly mating female lines that had been rendered homozygous for X, second, or third chromosomes isolated from natural populations. The composite sperm displacement parameter, P2′, was highly heterogeneous among lines, whether or not viability effects were compensated, implying the presence of polymorphic genes affecting access of sperm to eggs. Genetic variation of this type is completely neutral in the absence of pleiotropy or interaction between variation in the two sexes.

scholarly journals Characterization of Deleterious Mutations in Outcrossing Populations

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 945-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Wen Deng
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Estimation Bias ◽  
Deleterious Mutations ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Sib Mating ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Simulation Results

Abstract Deng and Lynch recently proposed estimating the rate and effects of deleterious genomic mutations from changes in the mean and genetic variance of fitness upon selfing/outcrossing in outcrossing/highly selfing populations. The utility of our original estimation approach is limited in outcrossing populations, since selfing may not always be feasible. Here we extend the approach to any form of inbreeding in outcrossing populations. By simulations, the statistical properties of the estimation under a common form of inbreeding (sib mating) are investigated under a range of biologically plausible situations. The efficiencies of different degrees of inbreeding and two different experimental designs of estimation are also investigated. We found that estimation using the total genetic variation in the inbred generation is generally more efficient than employing the genetic variation among the mean of inbred families, and that higher degree of inbreeding employed in experiments yields higher power for estimation. The simulation results of the magnitude and direction of estimation bias under variable or epistatic mutation effects may provide a basis for accurate inferences of deleterious mutations. Simulations accounting for environmental variance of fitness suggest that, under full-sib mating, our extension can achieve reasonably well an estimation with sample sizes of only ∼2000-3000.

Habitat differentiation between estuarine and inland Hibiscus tiliaceus L. (Malvaceae) as revealed by retrotransposon-based SSAP marker

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Tang ◽  
Lian He ◽  
Feng Peng ◽  
Suhua Shi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Principal Coordinate Analysis ◽  
Geographical Isolation ◽  
Tidal Zone ◽  
Ecological Scale ◽  
Habitat Differentiation

Hibiscus tiliaceus L. (Malvaceae) is a pantropical coastal tree that extends to the tidal zone. In this study, the retrotransposon sequence-specific amplified polymorphism (SSAP) technique was used in order to understand the genetic variation between four population pairs of H. tiliaceus from repeated estuarine and inland habitat contrasts in China. The estuarine populations were consistently more genetic variable compared with the inland ones, which may be attributed to extensive gene flow via water-drifted seeds and/or retrotransposon activation in stressful estuarine environments. An AMOVA revealed that 8.9% of the genetic variance could be explained by the habitat divergence within site, as compared with only 4.9% to geographical isolation between sites, which indicates significant habitat differentiation between the estuarine and inland populations. The estuarine populations were less differentiated (ΦST = 0.115) than the inland (ΦST = 0.152) implying frequent gene interchange in the former. Accordingly, the principal coordinate analysis of genetic distance between individuals revealed that genetic relationships are not fully consistent with the geographic association. These results suggest that despite substantial gene flow via sea-drifted seeds, habitat-related divergent selection could be one of the primary mechanisms that drive habitat differentiation in H. tiliaceus at a local ecological scale.

scholarly journals How does parental environment influence the potential for adaptation to global change?

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1886) ◽  
pp. 20181374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evatt Chirgwin ◽  
Dustin J. Marshall ◽  
Carla M. Sgrò ◽  
Keyne Monro
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Parental Exposure ◽  
Future Warming ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Negative Impacts

Parental environments are regularly shown to alter the mean fitness of offspring, but their impacts on the genetic variation for fitness, which predicts adaptive capacity and is also measured on offspring, are unclear. Consequently, how parental environments mediate adaptation to environmental stressors, like those accompanying global change, is largely unknown. Here, using an ecologically important marine tubeworm in a quantitative-genetic breeding design, we tested how parental exposure to projected ocean warming alters the mean survival, and genetic variation for survival, of offspring during their most vulnerable life stage under current and projected temperatures. Offspring survival was higher when parent and offspring temperatures matched. Across offspring temperatures, parental exposure to warming altered the distribution of additive genetic variance for survival, making it covary across current and projected temperatures in a way that may aid adaptation to future warming. Parental exposure to warming also amplified nonadditive genetic variance for survival, suggesting that compatibilities between parental genomes may grow increasingly important under future warming. Our study shows that parental environments potentially have broader-ranging effects on adaptive capacity than currently appreciated, not only mitigating the negative impacts of global change but also reshaping the raw fuel for evolutionary responses to it.

Reproductive biology and relative male and female fitness in a trioecious cactus, P achycereus pringlei (Cactaceae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 858-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore H. Fleming ◽  
Sandrine Maurice ◽  
Stephen L. Buchmann ◽  
Merlin D. Tuttle
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Female Fitness ◽  
Male And Female

scholarly journals Sexual antagonism for resistance and tolerance to infection in Drosophila melanogaster

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1788) ◽  
pp. 20140987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crystal M. Vincent ◽  
Nathaniel P. Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Evolutionary Genetics ◽  
Antagonistic Pleiotropy ◽  
Sexual Antagonism ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
Dioecious Populations

A critical task in evolutionary genetics is to explain the persistence of heritable variation in fitness-related traits such as immunity. Ecological factors can maintain genetic variation in immunity, but less is known about the role of other factors, such as antagonistic pleiotropy, on immunity. Sexually dimorphic immunity—with females often being more immune-competent—may maintain variation in immunity in dioecious populations. Most eco-immunological studies assess host resistance to parasites rather than the host's ability to maintain fitness during infection (tolerance). Distinguishing between resistance and tolerance is important as they are thought to have markedly different evolutionary and epidemiological outcomes. Few studies have investigated tolerance in animals, and the extent of sexual dimorphism in tolerance is unknown. Using males and females from 50 Drosophila melanogaster genotypes, we investigated possible sources of genetic variation for immunity by assessing both resistance and tolerance to the common bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We found evidence of sexual dimorphism and sexual antagonism for resistance and tolerance, and a trade-off between the two traits. Our findings suggest that antagonistic pleiotropy may be a major contributor to variation in immunity, with implications for host–parasite coevolution.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document