scholarly journals Trophic interactions and range limits: the diverse roles of predation

2009 ◽  
Vol 276 (1661) ◽  
pp. 1435-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D Holt ◽  
Michael Barfield
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Range Limits ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Specialist Predator ◽  
Do So

Interactions between natural enemies and their victims are a pervasive feature of the natural world. In this paper, we discuss trophic interactions as determinants of geographic range limits. Predators can directly limit ranges, or do so in conjunction with competition. Dispersal can at times permit a specialist predator to constrain the distribution of its prey—and thus itself—along a gradient. Conversely, we suggest that predators can also at times permit prey to have larger ranges than would be seen without predation. We discuss several ecological and evolutionary mechanisms that can lead to this counter-intuitive outcome.

Black Atlanta: An Ecosocial Approach to Narratives of the Atlanta Child Murders

PMLA ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Gary Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Natural World ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Toni Cade Bambara ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
Do So

Moving beyond ecocriticism, this essay argues that an ecosocial reading of narratives of the Atlanta child murders (1979–81) is better able to examine the sometimes functional, sometimes broken interactions between sociocultural circumstances and particular urban ecologies. Far from latching onto an idealized, utopian sense of a restorative natural world, the ecosocial approach introduced here focuses critical attention on the traumatized and traumatic social and cultural histories that play out in particular natural as well as built environments. In various ways, child-murders narratives by Toni Cade Bambara, Tayari Jones, and others bear the conflicting burdens of memory and forgetting, of old and new and never–changing and ever–changing Souths. They do so in large part by acknowledging ecosocial dysfunctions as one way of moving, however provisionally and problematically, toward a more grounded, more communal idea and practice of interrelatedness.

scholarly journals John Muir

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen M. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Core Values ◽  
First Century ◽  
John Muir ◽  
Transformative Power ◽  
City Parks ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Nature Preservation ◽  
Do So

A century after John Muir’s death, Glen MacDonald examines his legacy and argues that while Muir’s message of the value of wilderness to society might need to evolve for a twenty-first century audience, it is still relevant. For instance, Muir believed in the transformative power of visiting remote wildernesses such as Yosemite and urged everyone to do so, and his conception of nature preservation as preserving nature in a specific moment in time is now understood to be misguided. His specific prescriptions for relating to the natural world now seem old-fashioned, but his core values and his passion for getting Californians out in nature is just as important today, whether those natural places are national parks or city parks.

Topographic, latitudinal and climatic distribution ofPinus coulteri: geographic range limits are not at the edge of the climate envelope

Ecography ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 590-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie I. Chardon ◽  
William K. Cornwell ◽  
Lorraine E. Flint ◽  
Alan L. Flint ◽  
David D. Ackerly
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Range ◽  
Range Limits ◽  
Climate Envelope

scholarly journals Physiological tolerances account for range limits and abundance structure in an invasive slug

2009 ◽  
Vol 276 (1661) ◽  
pp. 1459-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E Lee ◽  
Charlene Janion ◽  
Elrike Marais ◽  
Bettine Jansen van Vuuren ◽  
Steven L Chown
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Range Limits ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Species Preference ◽  
Absolute Limit ◽  
Drainage Line ◽  
Physiological Tolerances ◽  
Linear Decline ◽  
Do So

Despite the importance of understanding the mechanisms underlying range limits and abundance structure, few studies have sought to do so. Here we use a terrestrial slug species, Deroceras panormitanum , that has invaded a remote, largely predator-free, Southern Ocean island as a model system to do so. Across Marion Island, slug density does not conform to an abundant centre distribution. Rather, abundance structure is characterized by patches and gaps. These are associated with this desiccation-sensitive species' preference for biotic and drainage line habitats that share few characteristics except for their high humidity below the vegetation surface. The coastal range margin has a threshold form, rapidly rising from zero to high density. Slugs do not occur where soil-exchangeable Na values are higher than 3000 mg kg −1 , and in laboratory experiments, survival is high below this value but negligible above it. Upper elevation range margins are a function of the inability of this species to survive temperatures below an absolute limit of −6.4°C, which is regularly exceeded at 200 m altitude, above which slug density declines to zero. However, the linear decline in density from the coastal peak is probably also a function of a decline in performance or time available for activity. This is probably associated with an altitudinal decline in mean annual soil temperature. These findings support previous predictions made regarding the form of density change when substrate or climatic factors set range limits.

Population Genetics and the Evolution of Geographic Range Limits in an Annual Plant

2011 ◽  
Vol 178 (S1) ◽  
pp. S44-S57 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Moeller ◽  
Monica A. Geber ◽  
Peter Tiffin
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Range Limits ◽  
Annual Plant

scholarly journals Animism and Language Evolution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldar T. Hasanov
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Language Evolution ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Evolution Of Language ◽  
Early Humans ◽  
Language Communication ◽  
Ritual Speech ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Evolutionarily Stable ◽  
Do So

The exact mechanism of the evolution of language remains unknown. One of the central problems in this field is the issue of reliability and deceit that can be characterized in terms of honest signaling theory. Communication systems become vulnerable to dishonesty and deceit when there are conflicting interests between the signaler and receiver. The handicap principle explains how evolution can prevent animals from deceiving each other even if they have a strong incentive to do so. It suggests that the signals must be costly in order to provide accurate and reliable communication between animals. Language-like communication systems, being inherently vulnerable to deception, could only evolve and become evolutionarily stable if they had some mechanisms that can make the communication hard to fake and trustworthy. One of the theories that try to solve the problem of reliability and deception is the ritual/speech coevolution hypothesis. According to this theory, hard-to-fake rituals evolved concurrently with language - by reinforcing trust and solidarity among early humans and preventing deceitful and manipulative behavior within the group. One of the drawbacks of this hypothesis is that the relationship between ritual and speech is too indirect. Rituals could not have a real-time effect on every instance of speech and encompass all aspects of everyday language communication. Therefore they are not efficient enough to provide instant verification mechanisms to guarantee honest communication. It is more likely that the animistic nature of language itself, rather than ritual, was the handicap-like cost that helped to ensure the reliability of language during its origin. The belief in the parallel dimension of animistic spirits emerged concurrently with language as a hard-to-fake attestation mechanism that ensured inviolability of one's speech. The notion that animism emerged because of early behaviorally modern humans’ incoherent and flawed observations about the natural world is unlikely, because it implies a very improbable scenario, that there had been a more coherent and rational pre-animistic period which later degraded to animistic one.

scholarly journals Range extension of the Central American Red Brocket, Mazama temama (Kerr, 1792) (Artiodactyla, Cervidae), in Colombia

Check List ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1095-1105
Author(s):  
Héctor E. Ramírez-Chaves ◽  
Paula Andrea Ossa-López ◽  
Luis Lasso-Lasso ◽  
Fredy A. Rivera-Páez ◽  
Néstor Roncancio-Duque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Central American ◽  
Range Extension ◽  
Range Limits ◽  
Colombian Andes ◽  
Representative Species

Mazama temama (Kerr, 1792) is a representative species of the northern Neotropics, but the geographic range limits for this species remain unclear. We report the southernmost record of M. temama from the southwestern Colombian Andes, increasing the previously known range of this species by more than 300 km. We obtained a cytochrome gene sequence (849 bp) which is 95% identical to samples from Mexico. This record raises the need for extensive sampling to obtain more complete information about the distribution of M. temama in northern Colombia.

scholarly journals Virus mediated trophic interactions between aphids and their natural enemies

Oikos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-282
Author(s):  
Corentin Dupont ◽  
Alexandra Michiels ◽  
Corentin Sochard ◽  
Nathalie Dardenne ◽  
Sophie Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Trophic Interactions

Climate Change

2018 ◽  
pp. 630-646
Author(s):  
Clive Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Global Studies ◽  
World Systems ◽  
International Response ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
World Systems Analysis ◽  
The Rise Of China ◽  
Do So

Greenhouse gases emitted anywhere affect people everywhere, and they will do so for a very long time. Progress on an international response to climate change has been bedeviled by ethical, political, and economic fractures, highlighting the severe limitations of the Westphalian state system. Non-state actors have played a crucial role in negotiations; some are “internationalist,” whereas others are “globalist.” Climate change is inseparable from capitalism’s insatiable appetite for growth. The rise of China destabilizes previous understandings of the world, including those of global studies and world-systems analysis. There are signs of a new cosmopolitanism, although securitization of the climate threat works against it. The globality of the natural world calls for a rethinking of global studies.

Pelopidas mathias (rice skipper).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Cock
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Pest Status ◽  
Rice Pests ◽  
Wide Host Range ◽  
Colonization Rates ◽  
Do So

Abstract Due to its wide host range and low reproductive potential, colonization rates of P. mathias are rather low compared to more specialized rice pests. Those ovipositing adults that do arrive do so after significant numbers of natural enemies have built up; this helps to explain the normally low pest status of P. mathias.

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