scholarly journals Short-term benefits, but transgenerational costs of maternal loss in an insect with facultative maternal care

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1817) ◽  
pp. 20151617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Thesing ◽  
Jos Kramer ◽  
Lisa K. Koch ◽  
Joël Meunier
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Early Evolution ◽  
Transgenerational Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Maternal Loss ◽  
Forficula Auricularia

A lack of parental care is generally assumed to entail substantial fitness costs for offspring that ultimately select for the maintenance of family life across generations. However, it is unknown whether these costs arise when parental care is facultative, thus questioning their fundamental importance in the early evolution of family life. Here, we investigated the short-term, long-term and transgenerational effects of maternal loss in the European earwig Forficula auricularia , an insect with facultative post-hatching maternal care. We showed that maternal loss did not influence the developmental time and survival rate of juveniles, but surprisingly yielded adults of larger body and forceps size, two traits associated with fitness benefits. In a cross-breeding/cross-fostering experiment, we then demonstrated that maternal loss impaired the expression of maternal care in adult offspring. Interestingly, the resulting transgenerational costs were not only mediated by the early-life experience of tending mothers, but also by inherited, parent-of-origin-specific effects expressed in juveniles. Orphaned females abandoned their juveniles for longer and fed them less than maternally-tended females, while foster mothers defended juveniles of orphaned females less well than juveniles of maternally-tended females. Overall, these findings reveal the key importance of transgenerational effects in the early evolution of family life.

scholarly journals Parental antagonism and parent–offspring co-adaptation interact to shape family life

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1744) ◽  
pp. 3981-3988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joël Meunier ◽  
Mathias Kölliker
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Multiple Paternity ◽  
Maternal Investment ◽  
Family Interactions ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
The Family ◽  
Future Reproduction ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences

The family is an arena for conflicts between offspring, mothers and fathers that need resolving to promote the evolution of parental care and the maintenance of family life. Co-adaptation is known to contribute to the resolution of parent–offspring conflict over parental care by selecting for combinations of offspring demand and parental supply that match to maximize the fitness of family members. However, multiple paternity and differences in the level of care provided by mothers and fathers can generate antagonistic selection on offspring demand (mediated, for example, by genomic imprinting) and possibly hamper co-adaptation. While parent–offspring co-adaptation and parental antagonism are commonly considered two major processes in the evolution of family life, their co-occurrence and the evolutionary consequences of their joint action are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate the simultaneous and entangled effects of these two processes on outcomes of family interactions, using a series of breeding experiments in the European earwig, Forficula auricularia , an insect species with uniparental female care. As predicted from parental antagonism, we show that paternally inherited effects expressed in offspring influence both maternal care and maternal investment in future reproduction. However, and as expected from the entangled effects of parental antagonism and co-adaptation, these effects critically depended on postnatal interactions with caring females and maternally inherited effects expressed in offspring. Our results demonstrate that parent–offspring co-adaptation and parental antagonism are entangled key drivers in the evolution of family life that cannot be fully understood in isolation.

scholarly journals ‘Living in parallel worlds’ – bereaved parents’ experience of family life when a parent with dependent children is at end of life from cancer: A qualitative study

2021 ◽  
pp. 026921632110017
Author(s):  
Cherith J Semple ◽  
Eilís McCaughan ◽  
Esther R Beck ◽  
Jeffrey R Hanna
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Psychosocial Adjustment ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Support Service ◽  
Dependent Children ◽  
Bereaved Parents ◽  
Death Of A Parent

Background: When a parent of dependent children (<18 years old) is at end of life from cancer, this has a profound impact on the family. Children less prepared for the death of a parent are more susceptive to poorer psychosocial adjustment in later life. There is a lack of understanding from the literature surrounding what support parents require, and how they navigate this end of life experience. Aim: To explore bereaved parents’ experience and needs for families when a parent is at end of life from cancer with dependent children. Design: In-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 21 bereaved mothers and fathers, identified from the general public, a family support service and hospice. Data were analysed thematically. Results: Parents often live in ‘parallel worlds’ throughout the end of life period. In one world, ‘living in the moment’, cherishing the ordinariness of family life, remaining hopeful treatment will prolong life, whilst adapting as the illness unfolds. The other world presents as ‘intermitted glimpses that death is approaching’, shadowed with painful emotional concerns surrounding their children and the future. At the end, death rapidly approaches, characterised as suddenly ‘falling off the cliff’; placing significant demands on the well-parent. Conclusions: Amidst challenges, clinicians should provide parents with clear information surrounding a poor prognosis, so families can plan and prepare for parental death. There is a need for healthcare professionals to engage, encourage and equip parents, as they prepare their children throughout the end of life experience for the inevitable death of a parent.

PARENTAL BEHAVIOR IN THE DERMAPTERA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO FORFICULA AURICULARIA (DERMAPTERA: FORFICULIDAE)

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Parental Behavior ◽  
Forficula Auricularia

AbstractNew observations on parental behavior of the earwig, Forficula auricularia L., are reported and the literature on the parental behavior in the Dermaptera is summarized. The construction of the nest, care of the eggs and nymphs, and the duration of parental care are described. The control of parental behavior and the role of the male in nest establishment are also considered.

Physiological cost of maternal care? Effect of pre- and post-hatching care on the clutch size in the earwig Anisolabis maritima

Behaviour ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seizi Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Lifetime Fecundity ◽  
Total Lifetime ◽  
Physiological Cost ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
First Clutch ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Time Point

There may be a trade-off between parental care and future reproductive success. Parental care usually consists of multiple components, and quantifying the cost of each component is necessary to assess the exact costs of parental care. In this study, I examined the trade-offs associated with maternal care in the earwig Anisolabis maritima (Dermaptera: Anisolabididae). I evaluated how many clutches A. maritima can produce and how the number and size of the clutch are affected by maternal care, distinguishing the cost of each component. The interval from the time point at which the mothers were removed from their eggs or young to produce the next clutch differed with treatment, and a significant interaction was observed between the effects of clutch order and presence of care on the size of the next clutch when the first clutch was removed immediately. However, longevity and total lifetime fecundity were not different in the presence or absence of care. This showed that females which were removed from a clutch produced the second or later clutches more rapidly although the clutch sizes were smaller. Because the total lifetime fecundity did not differ, irrespective of the presence or absence of care, it is possible that the costs of such care in A. maritima have a small effect.

THE SOCIAL SUCCESS FORMATION OF ORPHANED CHILDREN AND CHILDREN LEFT WITHOUT PARENTAL CARE BY MEANS OF ADDITIONAL EDUCATION

2018 ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Oksana Germanovna PROKHOROVA ◽  
Igor Ashotovich AKOPYANTS ◽  
Vyacheslav Petrovich TIGROV
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Orphaned Children ◽  
Social Success ◽  
The Social ◽  
Education Participation ◽  
Additional Education

We present the experience in the formation of social success of orphaned children by means of additional education (circus art). The concept of social success is considered. It is noted that in the modern understanding of child social success there are objective and subjective aspects. Also noted that the basis of the educational process in the conditions of the center for the promotion of family education should be individual and personal development of pupils. Disclosed forms of work used in the School of Circus Arts named after Y.V. Nikulin, the formation of social success of orphaned children and children left without parental care. Groups of criteria for assessment of social success of pupils of the organization for orphaned children and children without parental care are presented: the first group of criteria is connected with direct social success of the pupil and includes level of development of communicative skills; level of socialization; success in development of subjects of additional education; participation in public activity, in actions of organization and out of walls of organization; achievements in educational and extra-curricular activity; acceptance of family values; motivation to maintaining a healthy lifestyle; the second group of criteria is related to the social success of graduates of the institution: professional self-determination; well-being in family life; participation in public activities; maintaining a healthy lifestyle; legal literacy, etc.; the third group of criteria is related to the evaluation of the institution's activities: maintaining the image and reputation of the institution; excluding secondary orphanhood among graduates; reducing the number of pupils prone to deviant behavior; family life forms of pupils.

Short-term and transgenerational effects of the neonicotinoid nitenpyram on susceptibility to insecticides in two whitefly species

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1889-1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Liang ◽  
Yu-An Tian ◽  
Antonio Biondi ◽  
Nicolas Desneux ◽  
Xi-Wu Gao
Keyword(s):  
Transgenerational Effects ◽  
Short Term
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document