scholarly journals Spiders in caves

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1853) ◽  
pp. 20170193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Mammola ◽  
Marco Isaia
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbance ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ecological Role ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
Cave Ecosystems

World experts of different disciplines, from molecular biology to macro-ecology, recognize the value of cave ecosystems as ideal ecological and evolutionary laboratories. Among other subterranean taxa, spiders stand out as intriguing model organisms for their ecological role of top predators, their unique adaptations to the hypogean medium and their sensitivity to anthropogenic disturbance. As the description of the first eyeless spider ( Stalita taenaria ), an array of papers on subterranean spider biology, ecology and evolution has been published, but a comprehensive review on these topics is still lacking. We provide a general overview of the spider families recorded in hypogean habitats worldwide, we review the different adaptations of hypogean spiders to subterranean life, and we summarize the information gathered so far about their origin, population structure, ecology and conservation status. Finally, we point out the limits of the knowledge we currently have regarding hypogean spiders, aiming to stimulate future research.

Families and pain

2013 ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Kathryn A. Birnie ◽  
Katelynn E. Boerner ◽  
Christine T. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pain Experiences

The family has long been acknowledged as an important social context where children learn about and receive support for their pain. When a child is in pain, it is the family who is responsible for the initial pain assessment and seeking appropriate evaluation and care. Families may inadvertently encourage the expression of pain and play a critical role in influencing their children’s ability to cope with pain, both positively and negatively. Having a child in pain can also pose significant personal, familial, and economic strains. Therefore, consideration of the family is absolutely critical in the understanding of factors involved in children’s acute and chronic pain experiences (McGrath, 2008). A concentration of research has continued since the last comprehensive review on the topic was published (Chambers, 2003). This chapter considers relevant theoretical models and summarizes current major research themes regarding the role of the family in both acute and chronic paediatric pain. Two illustrative case examples are provided and key areas for future research are identified.

scholarly journals Allergic Diseases: A Comprehensive Review on Risk Factors, Immunological Mechanisms, Link with COVID-19, Potential Treatments, and Role of Allergen Bioinformatics

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12105
Author(s):  
Fahad M. Aldakheel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Allergen Exposure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

The prevalence of allergic diseases is regarded as one of the key challenges in health worldwide. Although the precise mechanisms underlying this rapid increase in prevalence are unknown, emerging evidence suggests that genetic and environmental factors play a significant role. The immune system, microbiota, viruses, and bacteria have all been linked to the onset of allergy disorders in recent years. Avoiding allergen exposure is the best treatment option; however, steroids, antihistamines, and other symptom-relieving drugs are also used. Allergen bioinformatics encompasses both computational tools/methods and allergen-related data resources for managing, archiving, and analyzing allergological data. This study highlights allergy-promoting mechanisms, algorithms, and concepts in allergen bioinformatics, as well as major areas for future research in the field of allergology.

scholarly journals Um modelo para lidar com condições limite relacionadas ao papel moderador da Gestão de Recursos Humanos no caso de intenções de rotatividade dos trabalhadores

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Kabiru Maitama Kura
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Organizational Politics ◽  
Contextual Factor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Hrm Practices ◽  
Recursos Humanos ◽  
Moderating Role

Following a comprehensive review of the existant literature on human resource management (HRM) and organizational behavior, this paper proposes a conceptual model that highlights the role of contextual factor in affecting HRM practices-turnover intention relationships. More specifically, we propose that perceived organizational politics may play a moderating role between HRM practices and employees’ turnover intention. Propositions and directions for future research on employees’ turnover decisions are also offered.

scholarly journals Characterisation ofl(3)tbas a novel tumour suppressor allele ofDCP2inDrosophila melanogaster

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Mishra ◽  
Rohit Kunar ◽  
Lolitika Mandal ◽  
Debasmita P Alone ◽  
Shanti Chandrasekharan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumour Suppressor ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Larval Brain ◽  
Mrna Decapping ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Homozygous Mutant

AbstractMutants provide an excellent platform for the discovery and characterization of gene functions. The present communication is a pioneering treatise on a hitherto undescribed function of the gene coding for the mRNA decapping protein 2 (DCP2) inDrosophila melanogaster. DCP2, the gene coding for the mRNA decapping enzyme, has been studied in various model organisms in the light of maintenance of transcript abundance and stability but has never been implicated in tumourigenesis. Herein, we describe the mapping and characterization of a novel tumour suppressor allele ofDCP2(CG6169), which we named aslethal(3)tumorous brain[l(3)tb]. The homozygous mutant individuals show prolonged larval life, develop larval brain tumors and are lethal in the larval/pupal stages. The tumour is characterized by the presence of increased number of superficial neuroblasts, abnormal chromosomal condensation and causes overgrowth in the wing and the eye-antennal discs of the homozygous mutant larvae, all of which are rescued by the introduction of a functional copy ofDCP2in the mutant background, thereby establishing the causal role of the mutation and providing a genetic validation of the allelism. Our findings therefore ascribe a novel role of tumor suppression toDCP2besides its cognate function of mRNA decapping and thereby identify it as a potential candidate for future research on tumorigenesis.

scholarly journals Intensive Care Unit Built Environments: A Comprehensive Literature Review (2005–2020)

2021 ◽  
pp. 193758672110092
Author(s):  
Stephen Verderber ◽  
Seth Gray ◽  
Shivathmikha Suresh-Kumar ◽  
Damian Kercz ◽  
Christopher Parshuram
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Family Engagement ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Ecological Sustainability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Conceptual Clarity

Background: The intensive care environment in hospitals has been the subject of significant empirical and qualitative research in the 2005–2020 period. Particular attention has been devoted to the role of infection control, family engagement, staff performance, and the built environment ramifications of the recent COVID-19 global pandemic. A comprehensive review of this literature is reported summarizing recent advancements in this rapidly expanding body of knowledge. Purpose and Aim: This comprehensive review conceptually structures the recent medical intensive care literature to provide conceptual clarity and identify current priorities and future evidence-based research and design priorities. Method and Result: Each source reviewed was classified as one of the five types—opinion pieces/essays, cross-sectional empirical investigations, nonrandomized comparative investigations, randomized studies, and policy review essays—and into nine content categories: nature engagement and outdoor views; family accommodations; intensive care unit (ICU), neonatal ICU, and pediatric ICU spatial configuration and amenity; noise considerations; artificial and natural lighting; patient safety and infection control; portable critical care field hospitals and disaster mitigation facilities including COVID-19; ecological sustainability; and recent planning and design trends and prognostications. Conclusions: Among the findings embodied in the 135 literature sources reviewed, single-bed ICU rooms have increasingly become the norm; family engagement in the ICU experience has increased; acknowledgment of the therapeutic role of staff amenities; exposure to nature, view, and natural daylight has increased; the importance of ecological sustainability; and pandemic concerns have increased significantly in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic. Discussion of the results of this comprehensive review includes topics noticeably overlooked or underinvestigated in the 2005–2020 period and priorities for future research.

scholarly journals Use of Genomic Resources to Assess Adaptive Divergence and Introgression in Oaks

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 690
Author(s):  
Desanka Lazic ◽  
Andrew L. Hipp ◽  
John E. Carlson ◽  
Oliver Gailing
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adaptive Divergence ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Adaptive Introgression ◽  
The Face ◽  
Species Integrity

Adaptive divergence is widely accepted as a contributor to speciation and the maintenance of species integrity. However, the mechanisms leading to reproductive isolation, the genes involved in adaptive divergence, and the traits that shape the adaptation of wild species to changes in climate are still largely unknown. In studying the role of ecological interactions and environment-driven selection, trees have emerged as potential model organisms because of their longevity and large genetic diversity, especially in natural habitats. Due to recurrent gene flow among species with different ecological preferences, oaks arose as early as the 1970s as a model for understanding how speciation can occur in the face of interspecific gene flow, and what we mean by “species” when geographically and genomically heterogeneous introgression seems to undermine species’ genetic coherence. In this review, we provide an overview of recent research into the genomic underpinnings of adaptive divergence and maintenance of species integrity in oaks in the face of gene flow. We review genomic and analytical tools instrumental to better understanding mechanisms leading to reproductive isolation and environment-driven adaptive introgression in oaks. We review evidence that oak species are genomically coherent entities, focusing on sympatric populations with ongoing gene flow, and discuss evidence for and hypotheses regarding genetic mechanisms linking adaptive divergence and reproductive isolation. As the evolution of drought- and freezing-tolerance have been key to the parallel diversification of oaks, we investigate the question of whether the same or a similar set of genes are involved in adaptive divergence for drought and stress tolerance across different taxa and sections. Finally, we propose potential future research directions on the role of hybridization and adaptive introgression in adaptation to climate change.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document