scholarly journals Evolutionary drivers, morphological evolution and diversity dynamics of a surviving mammal clade: cainotherioids at the Eocene–Oligocene transition

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1952) ◽  
pp. 20210173
Author(s):  
R. Weppe ◽  
M. J. Orliac ◽  
G. Guinot ◽  
F. L. Condamine
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Late Oligocene ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
History Of ◽  
Extinction Events ◽  
Fossil Preservation ◽  
Global Environmental Changes ◽  
Diversity Dynamics

The Eocene–Oligocene transition (EOT) represents a period of global environmental changes particularly marked in Europe and coincides with a dramatic biotic turnover. Here, using an exceptional fossil preservation, we document and analyse the diversity dynamics of a mammal clade, Cainotherioidea (Artiodactyla), that survived the EOT and radiated rapidly immediately after. We infer their diversification history from Quercy Konzentrat–Lagerstätte (south-west France) at the species level using Bayesian birth–death models. We show that cainotherioid diversity fluctuated through time, with extinction events at the EOT and in the late Oligocene, and a major speciation burst in the early Oligocene. The latter is in line with our finding that cainotherioids had a high morphological adaptability following environmental changes throughout the EOT, which probably played a key role in the survival and evolutionary success of this clade in the aftermath. Speciation is positively associated with temperature and continental fragmentation in a time-continuous way, while extinction seems to synchronize with environmental change in a punctuated way. Within-clade interactions negatively affected the cainotherioid diversification, while inter-clade competition might explain their final decline during the late Oligocene. Our results provide a detailed dynamic picture of the evolutionary history of a mammal clade in a context of global change.

scholarly journals Traditional and Local Ecological Knowledge for Land Use Mapping

2015 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 306-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norizawati Mohd Ayob ◽  
Norhasimah Ismail ◽  
Tarmiji Masron
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Local Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Environmental Changes

Land use changes are a key driver in global environmental changes and had a significant impact on the climate at all scales. Various human activities that took place thousands of years ago have an impact on the earth's surface. Today, with the limited supply and high demand, land use crisis became a big issue for the most countries. Changes in land use are not actually only providing a history of the area, but it also describes the way of life of its local communities. In the interdisciplinary research for land use study, cultural values, knowledge and perceptions of knowledge has been recognized as a major factor in determining the adopted approach applied in land use management in that area. Therefore, this paper tries to evaluate the role and potential of the integration of TLEK and GIS in mapping the series of changes in land use.Keyword: Local knowledge, TLEK, land use mapping & conceptual framework

scholarly journals Aspen Global Change Institute: 25 Years of Interdisciplinary Global Change Science

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 2027-2037
Author(s):  
Gerald A. Meehl ◽  
Richard Moss
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
System Response ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Environmental Changes ◽  
Applied Fields

Abstract Global Global environmental changes, such as climate change, result from the interaction of human and natural systems. Understanding these changes and options for addressing them requires research in the physical, environmental, and social sciences, as well as engineering and other applied fields. In this essay, the authors provide their personal perspective on the role of the Aspen Global Change Institute (AGCI) in global change science over the past 25 years—in particular, how it has contributed to the integration of the natural and social sciences needed to research the drivers of change, the Earth system response, natural and human system impacts, and options for risk management. Drawing on inputs from other AGCI participants, we illustrate how, in our view, the history of AGCI is intertwined with the evolution of global change science as it has become an increasingly interdisciplinary endeavor.

Body Size, Maturation Size, and Growth Rate of Crustaceans

2018 ◽  
pp. 35-67
Author(s):  
Piotr Maszczyk ◽  
Tomasz Brzeziński
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Adaptive Plasticity ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Growth Constraints ◽  
Structural Growth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Environmental Changes

Crustaceans present a remarkable variety of forms that differ greatly in body size and growth strategies (determinate or indeterminate). This diversity reflects the long evolutionary history of this group and the variety of environments a crustacean may inhabit. It is rooted in a wide array of internal (physiological, structural) growth constraints and different extrinsic ecological factors determining the extent to which the body size of an individual crustacean attains its upper limit. We briefly review the combined effects of these factors with a focus on the effects of food quality and quantity, predation, and temperature on life histories in the context of an individual, as well as at the population and community levels. We discuss the discrepancy between the possible and the attained body size in an attempt to resolve the extent to which the observed pattern (1) is genetically based, (2) reflects the adaptive plasticity of the phenotype, and (3) is driven by global environmental changes.

scholarly journals Strong response of an invasive plant species (Centaurea solstitialisL.) to global environmental changes

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1887-1894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Dukes ◽  
Nona R. Chiariello ◽  
Scott R. Loarie ◽  
Christopher B. Field
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Invasive Plant Species ◽  
Strong Response ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Global Environmental Changes

scholarly journals Understanding Wildlife Crime from Eco-Existential and African Perspectives: A Psycho-Philosophical Investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11675
Author(s):  
Claude-Hélène Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Green Criminology ◽  
Wildlife Crime ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Global Environmental Changes ◽  
Existential Givens

Wildlife crime has huge consequences regarding global environmental changes to animals, plants and the entire ecosystem. Combatting wildlife crime effectively requires a deep understanding of human–wildlife interactions and an analysis of the influencing factors. Conservation and green criminology are important in reducing wildlife crime, protecting wildlife and the ecosystem and informing policy-makers about best practices and strategies. However, the past years have shown that wildlife crime is not easy to combat and it is argued in this article that there are underlying existential “givens” and culture-specific aspects that need to be investigated to understand why wildlife crime is still on the rise. This theoretical article explores (eco-)existential perspectives, Greening’s four givens and selected African philosophical concepts, aiming to understand the complexities behind the prevalence of wildlife crime within global and African contexts.

scholarly journals Ensino de Geografia e Alterações Ambientais Globais na Educação Profissional e Tecnológica

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
João Vitor Gobis Verges ◽  
Nivea Massaretto Verges
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Technological Education ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Teachers Training ◽  
Global Environmental Changes ◽  
Education Science

ResumoAs Alterações Ambientais Globais têm se colocado como pauta de inúmeras políticas e condicionantes culturais, econômicas e sociais em diferentes países no Mundo, sendo refletidas nas perspectivas educacionais. Dessa forma, procura-se, com este trabalho, apontar um cenário de concepção e de prática sobre as alterações ambientais globais no escopo do ensino de Geografia na educação profissional e tecnológica. Nesse sentido, o objetivo da pesquisa se assentou em desvelar os seguintes aspectos: 1) mecanismos metodológicos para as aulas desenvolvidas; 2) eixos analíticos sobre as Alterações Ambientais Globais; 3) instrumentos utilizados; 4) referenciais teóricos; 6) papel do livro didático; 7) enfoques formativos dos docentes. Para isto, foi aplicado um questionário a docentes de uma instituição da rede federal de educação profissional e tecnológica no Brasil, denominada Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia. O questionário foi empregado para 11 docentes, apresentando interrogações sobre os itens acima enumerados. Obteve-se como resultado que há o predomínio de aulas expositivas e seminários, as análises sobre o tema ocorrem, majoritariamente, pelas mudanças climáticas e desmatamento, as aulas se baseiam em maior parte nos documentários e gráficos, há a prevalência de referenciais teóricos brasileiros, ocorre a constatação ampla de que os livros didáticos são deficitários e mais de 35% dos professores consideram que suas formações não possuem enfoque para o trabalho com as Alterações Ambientais Globais. Palavras-chave: Prática Docente. Meio Ambiente. Didática. AbstractGlobal Environmental Changes have been placed on the agenda of numerous policies, cultural, economic and social conditions in different countries in the world, being reflected in educational perspectives. Thus, this work seeks to point out a scenario of conception and practice on global environmental changes in the scope of teaching Geography in professional and technological education. In this sense, the objective of the research was based on unveiling the following aspects: 1) methodological mechanisms for the developed classes; 2) analytical axes on Global Environmental Changes; 3) instruments used; 4) theoretical references; 6) the textbook role; 7) teachers training approaches. For this, a questionnaire was applied to teachers of an institution of the federal network of professional and technological education in Brazil, called Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology. The questionnaire was answered by 11 teachers, asking questions about the items listed above. It was obtained as a result that there is a predominance of expository classes and seminars, the analyzes on the subject are mainly due to climate change and deforestation, the classes are mostly based on documentaries and graphics, there is a prevalence of Brazilian theoretical references, it occurs the widespread finding that textbooks are deficient and more than 35% of teachers consider that their training does not have a focus on working with Global Environmental Changes. Keywords: Teacher Practice. Environment. Didactic.

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