Cross-modal individual recognition in the African penguin and the effect of partnership

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1960) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Baciadonna ◽  
Cwyn Solvi ◽  
Sara La Cava ◽  
Cristina Pilenga ◽  
Marco Gamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Individual Recognition ◽  
Incongruent Condition ◽  
Behavioural Pattern ◽  
Congruent Condition ◽  
Natural Behaviour ◽  
Contact Calls ◽  
Spheniscus Demersus ◽  
African Penguin

An animal's ability to recognize another individual by matching their image to their voice suggests they form internal representations of other individuals. To what extent this ability, termed cross-modal individual recognition, extends to birds other than corvids is unknown. Here, we used an expectancy violation paradigm to determine whether a monogamous territorial seabird ( Spheniscus demersus ) can cross-modally recognize familiar conspecifics (partners or colony-mates). After pairs of penguins spent time together in an isolated area, one of the penguins was released from the area leaving the focal penguin alone. Subsequently, we played contact calls of the released penguin (congruent condition) or a different penguin (incongruent condition). After being paired with a colony-mate, focal penguins' response latency to the auditory stimulus was faster in the incongruent compared to congruent condition, indicating the mismatch violated their expectations. This behavioural pattern was not observed in focal penguins after being paired with their partner. We discuss these different results in the light of penguins’ natural behaviour and the evolution of social communication strategies. Our results suggest that cross-modal individual recognition extends to penguins and reveals, in contrast with previously thought, that social communication between members of this endangered species can also use visual cues.

scholarly journals Capillary Electrophoresis Assessment of Plasma Protein Changes in an African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus) With Aspergillosis

ACS Omega ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (51) ◽  
pp. 33280-33289
Author(s):  
Anddre Osmar Valdivia ◽  
Kristen Jasmin Ortega ◽  
Sanjoy K. Bhattacharya ◽  
Carolyn Cray
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Spheniscus Demersus ◽  
African Penguin

scholarly journals The Possible Role of the Uropygial Gland on Mate Choice in Domestic Chicken

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Hirao
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Individual Recognition ◽  
Copulatory Behavior ◽  
Uropygial Gland ◽  
Odor Cues ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Efferent Projections ◽  
Opposite Sex

In avian mating systems, male domestic fowls are polygamous and mate with a number of selected members of the opposite sex. The factors that influence mating preference are considered to be visual cues. However, several studies have indicated that chemosensory cues also affect socio-sexual behavior, including mate choice and individual recognition. The female uropygial gland appears to provide odor for mate choice, as uropygial gland secretions are specific to individual body odor. Chicken olfactory bulbs possess efferent projections to the nucleus taeniae that are involved in copulatory behavior. From various reports, it appears that the uropygial gland has the potential to act as the source of social odor cues that dictate mate choice. In this review, evidence for the possible role of the uropygial gland on mate choice in domestic chickens is presented. However, it remains unclear whether a relationship exists between the uropygial gland and major histocompatibility complex-dependent mate choice.

Genetic monitoring of ex situ African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus) populations in South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiaan Labuschagne ◽  
Lisa Nupen ◽  
Antoinette Kotzé ◽  
J Paul Grobler ◽  
Desiré L Dalton
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Genetic Monitoring ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Spheniscus Demersus ◽  
African Penguin

Effect of interactivity and congruence on brand advocacy and brand acceptance

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devika Vashisht
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Incongruent Condition ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Congruent Condition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Interactive Game ◽  
Brand Advocacy ◽  
Brand Placements ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
The Right

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the combined effect of game-interactivity and game-product congruence on consumers’ brand advocacy and brand acceptance in the context of in-game advertising. Design/methodology/approach A 2 (interactivity: high or low)×2 (game-product congruence: high or low) between-subject measures design is used. In total, 140 students participated in the study. A 2×2 between-subjects multivariate analysis of variance is used to test the hypotheses. Findings The results reveal that for a high-interactive game, congruent condition results in higher brand advocacy and superior brand acceptance than the incongruent condition. However, for a low-interactive game, both congruent and incongruent conditions will result in the same level of brand advocacy as well as equal levels of brand acceptance. Research limitations/implications This paper provides implications for theory as well as practice by providing the empirical evidence of the combined effect of game-interactivity and game-product congruence on consumers’ brand advocacy and brand acceptance from the perspective of attention and elaboration. If higher brand advocacy and greater brand acceptance are the objectives of the brand managers, then a high interactive with congruent brand placements would be the right approach for effective advergames. Originality/value This investigation contributes to non-traditional advertising media literature, specifically to the area of branded entertainment, like brand placements in digital games by examining and exploring the influence of game-specific factors on players’ brand advocacy and brand acceptance. Moreover, this paper is one of the first to reveal the real-time roles of game-specific factors in generating gamers’ brand advocacy and brand acceptance from the perspectives of attention and elaboration, in an emerging marketing context, like India.

scholarly journals Parasite diversity associated with African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) and the effect of host and environmental factors

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (6) ◽  
pp. 791-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela P. A. Espinaze ◽  
Cang Hui ◽  
Lauren Waller ◽  
Francois Dreyer ◽  
Sonja Matthee
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Nest Density ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Parasite Diversity ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Spheniscus Demersus ◽  
African Penguin

AbstractThe African penguin (Spheniscus demersus) is a critically endangered species endemic to southern Africa. Limited information is available on the parasite diversity associated with the species in natural settings. This study explores the diversity and incidence of parasites associated with African penguins and their nests, and records the effect of host and environmental factors on parasite infestation. Ecto-, haemo- and helminth parasites were recorded from 210 adult birds, 583 chicks and 628 nests across five colonies (two mainland and three islands) along the south-western coast of South Africa, in 2016 and 2017. Mean nest density (total and active nests) and climate variables (temperature and precipitation) were obtained for each colony. Parapsyllus humboldti was the most abundant and prevalent ectoparasite on penguins and in nests (69.10 and 57.80%, respectively), while Piroplasmorida/Haemospororida (33.51%) and Cardiocephaloides spp. (56.17%) were the most prevalent haemo- and helminth parasites of penguins, respectively. In general parasite abundance and prevalence was significantly affected by penguin age (chicks vs adults), location (mainland vs islands), nest density (total and active nests) and season (spring vs autumn/winter). It is concluded that parasite infestations are structured and that penguin chicks at mainland colonies are more susceptible to parasite infestations during spring.

FACTORS AFFECTING ABNORMAL MOLTING IN THE MANAGED AFRICAN PENGUIN (SPHENISCUS DEMERSUS) POPULATION IN NORTH AMERICA

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 917
Author(s):  
Matthew Golembeski ◽  
Samantha J. Sander ◽  
Jennifer Kottyan ◽  
William E. Sander ◽  
Ellen Bronson
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Spheniscus Demersus ◽  
African Penguin

The heterothermic loophole exploited by penguins

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Thomas ◽  
R. Ewan Fordyce
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Axillary Artery ◽  
Retention System ◽  
Spheniscus Demersus ◽  
African Penguin ◽  
Size Threshold ◽  
Counter Current ◽  
Lower Size ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Current Heat

Penguins are generally smaller than the predicted minimum body size for marine endotherms. Anatomical observations of the little blue penguin (Eudyptula minor) suggest that extant penguins actively defeat the lower size threshold using regional heterothermy. The wing arteries in the little blue penguin form a humeral plexus, a series of three parallel arteries (including the marginal artery) that stem from the axillary artery, replacing a single brachial artery. Each artery of the plexus is associated with at least two veins to form a counter current heat-retention system. The humeral plexus thus restricts heat from entering distal areas of the wing and dissipating into seawater, ultimately reducing the bulk mass required for heat production and insulation. Humeral plexi are confirmed as a synapomorphic character of the Spheniscinae, with the humeral plexus of E. minor most similar to that of the African penguin Spheniscus demersus. The humeral plexus represents a loophole in body size minima of marine endotherms and offers insight into the ecology of living penguins.

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