II. Note on Professor Hull’s paper

1887 ◽  
Vol 42 (251-257) ◽  
pp. 308-310
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Chemical Change ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Organic Body ◽  
History Of

Dr. Alleyne Nicholson, a palæontologist of no small repute, refers to this subject in his work on the ‘ Ancient Life History of the Earth,’ p. 34. He considers that the silica which has surrounded and infiltrated the fossils which flint contains, must have been deposited “from sea-water in a gelatinous condition, and subsequently have hardened.” Also that “the formation of flint may therefore be regarded as due to the separation of silica from sea-water, and its deposition round some organic body in a state of chemical change or decay.”

scholarly journals I.—American “Surface Geology,” and its Relation to British. With some Remarks on the Glacial Conditions in Britain, especially in Reference to the “Great Ice Age” of Mr. James Geikie

1877 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 481-496
Author(s):  
Searles V. Wood
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life History ◽  
North America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Surface Geology

From no part of the world have we of late years derived more additions to the Geological Record than from North America. Besides important additions to the earliest pages of that record, the rich collections made by the United States Surveyors, both of fauna and flora, from the Cretaceous, Eocene, and Miocene deposits, have thrown much light upon the life history of the Earth; and it is even contended that they have bridged over the interval which, notwithstanding the Maestricht beds, the Pisolitic, and the Faxoe Limestones, still remains sharply marked between the Cretaceous and Tertiary formations of Europe so far as they have yet been examined.

scholarly journals LIFE-HISTORY OF LYDA FASCIATA (NORTON), FAM. TENTHREDINIDÆ

1902 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 214-216
Author(s):  
Richard. F. Pearsall
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Wild Cherry ◽  
The Earth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Deep Green

Full-grown larvæ were taken on wild cherry (Prunus) in the latter part of September, 1901. Placed in a box over earth, they fed but a day or two, truned a deep green, and entering the earth two to three inches, formed rounded cells, in which they remained as larvæ all winter, transforming to pupæ just before emergence. They are gregarious, remaining in their web, filled with its mass of exuvia, untill full-grown, when, as their growth is completed, individually they drop from it and enter the ground. One which was kept under observation formed a pupa on April 28th, and emerged eight days thereafter. The pupal skin is very thin, showing distictly the parts of the enclosed imago. This brood commenced emerging April 25th, and a few individuals are still coming out, May 31st. In the eariler days the males predominated, later the females, Altogether, 134 males and 123 females have appeared. Copulation took place at once, the pair remaining in coitu from three to five hours.

scholarly journals The motile (Crystallolithus hyalinus Gaarder & Markali) and non-motile phases in the life history of Coccolithus pelagicus (Wallich) Schiller

1960 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Parke ◽  
Irene Adams
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
History Of ◽  
Coccolithus Pelagicus ◽  
Set Up

A new coccolithophorid, Crystallolitkus hyalinus, was described with the help of electron micrographs by Gaarder & Markali in 1956 from preserved material in which the cells lacked the appendages. From temporary cultures set up from our September 1957 sea-water samples a coccolithophorid was isolated which appeared, under the light microscope, very similar to this newly described coccolithophorid but which possessed, as does the genus Chrysochromulina, a coning haptonema in addition to the two flagella. Electron micrographs, taken for us by Prof. I. Manton, have shown that the holococcoliths from our organism are identical in structure with those from the Crystallolithus hyalinus (cf. PL I, and Gaarder and Markali, 1956, pi. I).

scholarly journals Stages in the Life History of Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus), Experimentally Reared by Mr. L. R. Crawshay in the Plymouth Laboratory

1916 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie V. Lebour
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Calanus Finmarchicus ◽  
Great Care ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
History Of ◽  
Copepodid Stage ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Made In

[The stages in the development of Calanus finmarchicus described and figured by Miss Lebour in the present paper were taken from culture jars given into my charge by Mr. L. R. Crawshay, when he left the Laboratory to undertake military duties in connection with the war. In one jar at that time the first copepodid stage, from eggs laid in the jar, had just been reached, and the technical details for the successful rearing of the animals had been mastered. The experiments had been conducted with great care, and all possible precautions had been taken to prevent contamination. Subsequently the experiments were repeated up to a certain point by myself and some additional stages obtained to complete the series.The cultures were made in 2-litre glass beakers, containing “outside” sea-water filtered through a Berkefeld filter. In order to secure an even temperature the beakers stood in the circulating water of the Laboratory tanks, and a pure culture of the diatom Nitzschia closterium was used as food.—E. J. Allen.]

Life-history and culture of Gracilaria foliifera (Rhodophyta) from South Devon

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. McLachlan ◽  
T. Edelstein
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Original Material ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The North Atlantic

Three species of Gracilaria, G. foliifera (Forsk.) Børg., G. verrucosa (Huds.) Papenf., and G. bursa-pastoris (S. M. Gmel.) Silva are recognized from the British flora (Parke & Dixon, 1976). In Britain G. verrucosa is widely distributed, although not common, whereas the other two species are rare and their distribution restricted (Newton, 1931). G. foliifera was described from the Red Sea as Fucus foliifer Forsk. (Børgesen, 1932). Plants referable to this species are now reported from various parts of the world, including both the eastern and western coasts of the north Atlantic (South & Cardinal, 1970; Taylor, 1957, 1960). However, considerable variation exists within species of Gracilaria (e.g. May, 1948), thus delimitation of species is often extremely difficult. Gracilaria foliifera from Britain (Fig. 1 A) is similar morphologically to the original material of Fucus foliifer as illustrated by Børgesen (1932, fig. 1), and therefore, we have limited our consideration to G. foliifera as it occurs in Britain (also see Harvey, 1846, pl. 15). However, little information is available on G. foliifera from the British Isles, and in the present instance we have investigated the life history of this alga in culture together with preliminary results on growth in small-scale tanks with running sea water.

scholarly journals Trophic interactions and biodiversity: How natural enemies shape biodiversity: a double-edged sword

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Mestre ◽  
Robert D. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Substantial Portion ◽  
Top Down ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Biodiversity Preservation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms

Natural enemies, that is, species that inflict harm on others to feed on them, are fundamental drivers of biodiversity dynamics and represent a substantial portion of it. Along the life history of the Earth, natural enemies have been involved in probably some of the most productive mechanisms of biodiversity genesis; that is, adaptive radiation mediated by enemy-victim coevolutionary processes. At ecological timescales, natural enemies are a fundamental piece of food webs and can contribute to biodiversity preservation by promoting stability and coexistence at lower trophic levels through top-down regulation mechanisms. However, natural enemies often produce dramatic losses of biodiversity wherein, in most cases, humans take part of it.

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