scholarly journals I. On the rate of propagation of the luminous discharge of electricity through a rarefied gas

1891 ◽  
Vol 49 (296-301) ◽  
pp. 84-100 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Discharge Tube ◽  
Rarefied Gas ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Vacuum Tube ◽  
Large Velocity ◽  
Velocity Of Propagation ◽  
Made In

Though the determination of the velocity of propagation of the luminosity which accompanies the electric discharge through gases might well be expected to throw considerable light on the means by which the discharge is effected, as far as I can find, no attempts seem to have been made in this direction since Wheatstone, in 1835, observed the appearance presented in a rotating mirror of the discharge through a vacuum tube 6 feet long; he concluded from his observations that the velocity with which the flash went through the tube could not have been less than 2 x 10 7 . cm. per second. This very great velocity does not seem to be accompanied by a correspondingly large velocity of the luminous molecules, for von Jahn (Wiedemann’s ‘Annalen,’ vol. 8, 1879, p. 675) has shown that the lines of the spectrum of the gas in the discharge tube are not displaced by as much as 1/40 of the distance between the D lines when the line of sight is in the direction of the discharge tube. It follows from this, by Doppler’s principle, that the particles when emitting light are not travelling in the direction of the discharge at the rate of more than a mile a second, proving at any rate th at the luminosity does'not consist of a wind of luminous particles travelling with the velocity of the discharge.

scholarly journals The analysis of gases after passage of electric discharge

1915 ◽  
Vol 91 (627) ◽  
pp. 180-189 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Discharge Tube ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Pure Hydrogen ◽  
Rare Gases ◽  
Vacuum Tube ◽  
Solid Electrode ◽  
Electrode Glass

It has been found by Collie and Patterson that, after the passage of the electric discharge through pure hydrogen in a vacuum tube at low pressure, small quantities of helium and neon could be detected in the gas pumped out of the discharge tube. These gases were shown not to be present in the hydrogen which was let into the discharge tube. They must, then, either originate from—(i) occlusion of air in the glass or electrodes, or (ii) from the outer air during the experiment or the subsequent analysis, or (iii) be actually formed by some transmutation process due to the action of the discharge. In the latter case the seat of the effect of the discharge may be at the solid electrode, glass walls, or in the gas itself. The experiments of the above authors appear to show that:— (i) The gas did not originate from occlusion in the electrodes or glass walls, because these gave no such rare gases on solution and subsequent analysis of the gases.

scholarly journals I. On an effect produced by the passage of an electric discharge through pure nitrogen

1886 ◽  
Vol 40 (242-245) ◽  
pp. 329-340 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Discharge Tube ◽  
Rarefied Gas ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
Pure Nitrogen ◽  
Permanent Effect

In the course of some experiments which we have been engaged with for some time past, on the temporary increase in the volume of a rarefied gas which takes place when an electric discharge passes through it (De la Rue and Müller, “Phil. Trans.,” 1880), we found that the passage of the spark always produced permanent as well as temporary effects when the gas was nitrogen and when the pressure was less than that due to 20 mm. of mercury. The experiments described below were undertaken to clear up this point, and from them we have drawn the following conclusions:— 1. That when a succession of electric sparks of the proper kind is sent through a sealed discharge-tube containing nitrogen at a low pressure (less than 20 mm. of mercury), a permanent diminution in the volume of the nitrogen takes place, which reaches a maximum, after which the passage of sparks of the same kind produces no permanent effect upon the volume.

The quantitative comparison of experimental and simulated diffraction contrast images

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 102-103
Author(s):  
Stuart McKernan
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Personal Computer ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Image Simulation ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
Diffraction Contrast ◽  
Simulated Images ◽  
Made In

For many years the concept of quantitative diffraction contrast experiments might have consisted of the determination of dislocation Burgers vectors using a g.b = 0 criterion from several different 2-beam images. Since the advent of the personal computer revolution, the available computing power for performing image-processing and image-simulation calculations is enormous and ubiquitous. Several programs now exist to perform simulations of diffraction contrast images using various approximations. The most common approximations are the use of only 2-beams or a single systematic row to calculate the image contrast, or calculating the image using a column approximation. The increasing amount of literature showing comparisons of experimental and simulated images shows that it is possible to obtain very close agreement between the two images; although the choice of parameters used, and the assumptions made, in performing the calculation must be properly dealt with. The simulation of the images of defects in materials has, in many cases, therefore become a tractable problem.

Science of Ahangyol and Its Importance for Modern Scientific Thought

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-478
Author(s):  
Ahmad Gashamoglu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
Scientific Thought ◽  
Religious Books ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
Made In

The Article briefly discusses the need for generation of the Science of Ahangyol, and this science’s scientific basis, object and subject, category system, scientific research methods and application options. Ahangyol is a universal science and may be useful in any sphere. It may assist in problem solving in peacemaking process and in many areas such as ecology, economics, politics, culture, management and etc. This science stipulates that any activity and any decision made in the life may only and solely be successful when they comply with harmony principles more, which are the principles of existence and activity of the world. A right strategic approach of the Eastern Philosophy and the Middle Age Islamic Philosophy and scientific thought has an important potential. This strategic approach creates opportunities to also consider irrational factors in addition to rational ones comprehensively in scientific researches. The modern scientific thought contributes to implementation of these opportunities. Ahangyol is a science of determination of ways to achieve harmony in any sphere and of creation of special methods to make progress in these ways through assistance of the modern science. Methods of the System Theory, Mathematics, IT, Astronomy, Physics, Biology, Sociology, Statistics and etc. are more extensively applied. Information is given on some of these methods. Moreover, the Science of Ahangyol, which is a new philosophical worldview and a new paradigm contributes to clarification of metaphysic views considerably and discovery of the scientific potential of religious books.

scholarly journals Determination of Environmental Factors for the Implementation of the Exploitability Index in Industrial Aggregate Mining Using Multi-Criteria Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Julio Manuel de Luis-Ruiz ◽  
Benito Ramiro Salas-Menocal ◽  
Gema Fernández-Maroto ◽  
Rubén Pérez-Álvarez ◽  
Raúl Pereda-García
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Factor ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Made In

The quality of human life is linked to the exploitation of mining resources. The Exploitability Index (EI) assesses the actual possibilities to enable a mine according to several factors. The environment is one of the most constraining ones, but its analysis is made in a shallow way. This research is focused on its determination, according to a new preliminary methodology that sets the main components of the environmental impact related to the development of an exploitation of industrial minerals and its weighting according to the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). It is applied to the case of the ophitic outcrops in Cantabria (Spain). Twelve components are proposed and weighted with the AHP and an algorithm that allows for assigning a normalized value for the environmental factor to each deposit. Geographic Information Systems (GISs) are applied, allowing us to map a large number of components of the environmental factors. This provides a much more accurate estimation of the environmental factor, with respect to reality, and improves the traditional methodology in a substantial way. It can be established as a methodology for mining spaces planning, but it is suitable for other contexts, and it raises developing the environmental analysis before selecting the outcrop to be exploited.

scholarly journals Determination of steel bar dispersed mass in electric discharge with alternative electrode

2017 ◽  
Vol 789 ◽  
pp. 012050
Author(s):  
G Yu Shakirova ◽  
Yu I Shakirov ◽  
V I Ilyin ◽  
R A Valiev ◽  
L N Drogaylova
Keyword(s):  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Steel Bar

scholarly journals Characterization of Degenerate Configurations in Attitude Determination of Three-Vehicle Heterogeneous Formations

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4631
Author(s):  
Pedro Cruz ◽  
Pedro Batista
Keyword(s):  
Unique Solution ◽  
Multiple Solutions ◽  
Attitude Determination ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Number Of Solutions ◽  
Relative Line ◽  
Heterogeneous Formations ◽  
Heterogeneous Formation

The existence of multiple solutions to an attitude determination problem impacts the design of estimation schemes, potentially increasing the errors by a significant value. It is therefore essential to identify such cases in any attitude problem. In this paper, the cases where multiple attitudes satisfy all constraints of a three-vehicle heterogeneous formation are identified. In the formation considered herein, the vehicles measure inertial references and relative line-of-sight vectors. Nonetheless, the line of sight between two elements of the formation is restricted, and these elements are denoted as deputies. The attitude determination problem is characterized relative to the number of solutions associated with each configuration of the formation. There are degenerate and ambiguous configurations that result in infinite or exactly two solutions, respectively. Otherwise, the problem has a unique solution. The degenerate configurations require some collinearity between independent measurements, whereas the ambiguous configurations result from symmetries in the formation measurements. The conditions which define all such configurations are determined in this work. Furthermore, the ambiguous subset of configurations is geometrically interpreted resorting to the planes defined by specific measurements. This subset is also shown to be a zero-measure subset of all possible configurations. Finally, a maneuver is simulated to illustrate and validate the conclusions. As a result of this analysis, it is concluded that, in general, the problem has one attitude solution. Nonetheless, there are configurations with two or infinite solutions, which are identified in this work.

IX. On the electrolysis of gases

1895 ◽  
Vol 58 (347-352) ◽  
pp. 244-257 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Discharge Tube ◽  
Negative Electrodes

In the experiments described in this paper I have used the spectroscope to detect the decomposition of gases by the electric discharge and the movement of the ions in opposite directions along the discharge-tube. The method consists in sending the electric discharge through a tube so arranged that the spectra close to the positive and negative electrodes can easily be compared; thus the presence or absence of certain ions at these electrodes can be ascertained.

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