scholarly journals X. Report of the observations of the total solar eclipse of august 29, 1886, made at the Island of Carriacou

1889 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 351-362
Keyword(s):  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Total Solar Eclipse ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Committee Meeting ◽  
The West ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Windward Islands ◽  
Green Island

The astronomers appointed by the Committee of the Royal Society to proceed to the West Indies to observe the total eclipse of the Sun on the morning of August 29, sailed together from Southampton in the R. M. S. “Nile,” Captain Gillies, on July 29, and, after a fair passage, anchored at Barbados at daybreak on August 11. A committee meeting on board had partly fixed our plans with regard to the stations of observation, so that, when we found two of H. M.’s gunboats awaiting our arrival in the roadstead, the instruments of Mr. Maunder and of the Rev. S. J. Perry were, after consultation with the commanders of H.M/s vessels, at once transferred to the “Bullfrog,” whilst the remainder of the instruments found a ready berth on the deck of H. M. S. “Fantôme,” which, being the larger of the two unboats, was reserved for the observers destined for Grenada and its immediate vicinity. Both the war-vessels started the same morning for Grenada, Mr. Lockyer and Dr. Thorpe sailing on board the “Fantome,” in order to secure the earliest possible interview with the Governor of the Windward Islands. The rest of the astronomers left the same evening in the R. M. S. “Eden,” Captain Mackenzie, and, after touching at St. Vincent, arrived at Grenada early on the afternoon of the 12th. The private luggage of Mr. Maunder and of the Rev. S. J. Perry was immediately placed on board H. M. S.“Bullfrog,” where they received the heartiest welcome from Captain Masterman, R. N., who devoted the best part of his own cabin to Father Perry, and found a comfortable private cabin for Mr. Maunder. Captain Archer, R. N., had also arrived at Grenada in command of H. M. S. “Fantome”; and the “Sparrowhawk,” a surveying vessel, commanded by Captain Oldham, R. N., was anchored in the harbour of St. George, her officers having been placed by the Hydrographer of the Admiralty at the disposal of the expedition. Previous to our arrival Governor Sendall, most ably assisted by Captain Melling, had personally inspected most of the best sites for the astronomical observations, collected all existing records of the weather, and designed huts for the protection of the instruments. Carriacou and Green Island were told off for the northern station, to be occupied by Father Perry and Mr. Maunder, assisted by the officers and men of H. M. S. “Bullfrog” and by Sub-Lieutenant Helby, of H. M. S. “Sparrowhawk.” It was thought, however, more advisable not to separate the members of this party by a distance of some twenty miles, and, therefore, the more northerly island of Carriacou was fixed upon as the site best suited for both observers.

scholarly journals IX. On the total solar eclipse of August 29, 1886

1889 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 291-350 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Total Solar Eclipse ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The West

An expedition for observing the Eclipse of the Sun of August, 1886, was organised and sent out by the Royal Society, the necessary funds being obtained partly by a special vote from the Treasury, partly from the annual grant to the Royal Society, and partly from the Society’s private funds. A Committee appointed by the Council of the Royal Society discussed the principal questions to which observers were to direct their attention, and distributed the available instruments amongst them. It was also decided that, as far as the scientific part of the work was concerned, the observers should be independent of each other, and report separately to the Society; but that they should elect one of their members as chief, to represent them in all dealings with the authorities in the West Indies. Mr. Norman Lockyer was accordingly chosen to be this representative. The present report only deals with the photographic results obtained by its authors. Mr. Norman Lockyer was the only other observer who took out photographic instruments; most unfortunately, the weather proved so bad at the station he selected that he was unable to see anything of the eclipse.

scholarly journals I. Report of the observations of the total solar eclipse of August 29, 1886, made at Carriacou

1887 ◽  
Vol 42 (251-257) ◽  
pp. 316-318
Keyword(s):  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Total Solar Eclipse ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
The West ◽  
The North

Carriacou is a small island situated about twenty miles to the north of the island of Grenada, the chief of the Windward group, and furnished an excellent site for the observation of the last solar eclipse. Most of the observers sent by the Eclipse Committee of the Royal Society to the West Indies in August of last year remained at Grenada, or on the small islands in its immediate vicinity, whilst Mr. Maunder and myself occupied the more distant northern station, where the totality was slightly diminished in duration. The work proposed for Mr. Maunder was to secure a series of photographs of the corona, with exposures of 40s. and under, and also to obtain two photographs of the spectrum of the corona with the longest exposures possible.

scholarly journals XI. Observations of the total solar eclipse of August 18, 1868

1869 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 125-125
Keyword(s):  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Total Solar Eclipse ◽  
Liquid Lead ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Left Limb ◽  
Total Phase

These observations are contained in a letter dated “S. S. 'Carnatic,' Suez, 28th August, 1868,” addressed to the Managing Directors, Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company. One of the hand spectroscopes sent out by the Royal Society had been entrusted to Captain Perrins; but as his ship at the time of the eclipse was about 20 miles north of the track of the total phase, he had no opportunity of using it for the observations contemplated. He thus describes the appearance at the time of greatest obscuration:— "That portion of the sun remaining uneclipsed consisted of a narrow streak (in shape like a crescent) of its upper left limb, in size about 1/16 part of its diameter. The light emitted from this was of a very peculiar description and difficult to describe, being at the same time extremely brilliant and yet most remarkably pale. The high sea running appeared like huge waves of liquid lead, and the ghastly paleness of the light thrown upon it and all around revealed a scene which, for its weird-like effect, it would be as impossible to depict as it is to describe."

II. Description of hand spectrum-telescope

1868 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 241-243
Keyword(s):  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Total Solar Eclipse ◽  
Direct Vision ◽  
The Sun

The instrument described in this paper was contrived in the summer of 1866, for the purpose of observing the spectra of meteors and their trains. The special suitability of this apparatus, as a hand-spectroscope , for the examination of the spectra of the lights which may be seen about the sun during the total solar eclipse of next year, induces me to offer a description of it to the Royal Society. The apparatus consists essentially of a direct-vision prism placed in front of a small achromatic telescope.

The astronomical heritage of pre-Hispanic societies in Venezuela: Total Eclipses of Sun reported in Petroglyphs

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (S367) ◽  
pp. 255-259
Author(s):  
Nelson Falcón ◽  
Alcides Ortega
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
Total Solar Eclipse ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Computerized Simulation ◽  
Almost All

AbstractAstronomical observations have been documented in pre-Hispanic cultures. However, little is known about the astronomical heritage of pre-Hispanic societies in Venezuela, since there are no evidence of an ancestral material culture as other regions of Meso and South America, and these native Venezuelan groups lacked a written, alphabetic or ideographic language. There are innumerable petroglyph deposits in almost all regions of Venezuela, especially near Lake Valencia (Carabobo state) and those of the Andean foothills (Barinas state). By means of computerized simulation and archaeoastronomy techniques, the occurrence of a total solar eclipse is verified: in July 1, 577 at the Vigirima site; and another total solar eclipse at noon on May 16, 1398 at the Bum Bum site. It is concluded that the contemplation of the total eclipses of the Sun, must lead to the need for communication and recording, and lacking any type of writing, they drew the phenomenon, using the techniques and means at their disposal: engraving on rocks.

scholarly journals Public Information Project of the Total Solar Eclipse of November 3, 1994 in Paraná State, Brazil

1998 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
R.H. Trevisan
Keyword(s):  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
Science Classroom ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Total Solar Eclipse ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
The World ◽  
Information Project

This project had two principal objectives: to communicate safe methods to observe the Sun, so as to prevent ophthalmological accidents to people during the total solar eclipse of 3rd November 1994, and to collaborate with the primary school teachers in the science classroom, illustrating the classes, motivating the students to observe sky phenomena.In January 1993, a commission called “ECLIPSE 94“Executive Commission, of the Brazilian Astronomical Society was created to coordinate assistance with arrangements for observing the total solar eclipse of 3rd November 1994, that in Brazil was total in the western part of Paraná State, in Santa Catarina State and in a Rio Grande do Sul zone. Professional astronomers from Brazil and from several parts of the world were mobilized to observe this eclipse.

The Bishop of Jamaica and Slave Instruction

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Turner
Keyword(s):  
West Indies ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
Anglican Church ◽  
The West ◽  
Religious Instruction ◽  
Reform Programme ◽  
Windward Islands ◽  
Moral Instruction ◽  
The Government ◽  
Future Condition

In July 1824 two new bishoprics were organised in the West Indies, the bishopric of Jamaica including Honduras and the bishopric of Barbados and the Leeward and Windward islands, to promote the activity of the Anglican Church among the slave population. A series of resolutions passed in the House of Commons in May 1823 committed the government to reforms intended to prepare the slaves for eventual freedom, and primary importance was given to their need for religious instruction. Knowledge of Christianity was regarded as an ‘indispensable necessity to…the foundation of every beneficial change in their character and future condition’. Most of the reform programme, which included the abolition of flogging for women, the admission of slave evidence in court and the improvement of manumission facilities, involved revision of existing slave codes and implementation, therefore, depended, outside the crown colonies, on the cooperation of the island assemblies. The imperial government, however, was free to promote religious instruction and chose to appoint the bishops. Under their supervision the Anglican Church in the West Indies was to become a missionary force. As the Secretary of State explained to the governor of Jamaica, ‘his Majesty's Government have been anxious to prove the deep interest which they feel in the encouragement of the religious and moral instruction of the Negroes, by at once taking upon themselves the whole charge of placing the Clergy of the West Indies under Episcopal control’. Funds were voted to pay the bishop of Jamaica £5,600 p.a. and salaries were also provided for six auxiliary curates and an archdeacon to help to supervise the clergy.

The Planets in Aztec Culture

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Milbrath
Keyword(s):  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
Total Solar Eclipse ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Creation Myths ◽  
Morning Star ◽  
Night Sky ◽  
Solar Rays

The Spanish chronicles do not mention planets other than Venus, although they compare certain Aztec gods with classical gods such as Jupiter and Mars. Creation myths recorded by the Spanish chroniclers frequently name Venus gods, most notably Ehecatl-Quetzalcoatl and Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli. The focus on Venus seen in these texts is also mirrored in colonial period Aztec codices, which feature several Venus gods as rulers of calendar periods associated with the 260-day calendar. The famous Aztec Calendar Stone represents Venus symbols prominently in an image showing the predicted demise of the Sun in an eternal solar eclipse, to be accompanied by earthquakes. Venus is apparently seen as the cause of a total solar eclipse in the Codex Borgia, a pre-conquest codex from Tlaxcala, a community neighboring the Aztecs in central Mexico. Although no pre-conquest Aztec codices survive, the painted screenfold books attributed to neighboring communities in central Mexico provide evidence of the kinds of almanacs that were probably also found in Preconquest Aztec screenfold books. The Codex Borgia has two Venus almanacs associated with heliacal rise events and another focusing on dates that coordinate with events involving Venus and possibly other planets. A unique narrative in the Codex Borgia traces Venus over the course of a year, representing different aspects of the synodical cycle. The transformation of Venus in the narrative is evidenced by subtle changes in the Venus god, Quetzalcoatl, who represents the planet Venus throughout the synodical cycle. Another god, Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli (“lord of dawn”), appears in the narrative associated with Venus as the morning star and also is represented in a death aspect during superior conjunction. This is in keeping with Aztec legends that tell how the Sun killed Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli with his solar rays. The Borgia narrative also helps identify Xolotl as the planet Mercury and provides hints about other planets that may be linked with different aspects of Tezcatlipoca, an Aztec god who ruled the night sky.

scholarly journals Total solar eclipse, 1905, August 29-30. Preliminary report of the observations made at Guelma, Algeria

1906 ◽  
Vol 77 (514) ◽  
pp. 56-76
Keyword(s):  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Total Solar Eclipse ◽  
The South ◽  
Royal Astronomical Society ◽  
The North ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Grant

The expedition to which this report refers was one of those organised by the Joint Permanent Eclipse Committee of the Royal Society and the Royal Astronomical Society; it was supported by a grant made by the Government Grant Committee. Guelma was chosen for the site of the observations, as being an inland station between Sfax, which was selected for an expedition from the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, and Philippeville, which it was at first expected Sir Norman Lockyer would occupy. Guelma is 58 kilometres from Bona, 65 kilometres from Philippeville, 55 kilometres from the nearest coast of the Mediterranean Sea; it lies at a height of about 1200 feet above sea-level on the south side of the Valley of the Seybouze, amongst hills which range in height from about 3100 feet at 13 kilometres to the north, to about 4700 feet at 11 kilometres on the south, where lies the celebrated mountain, Mahouna, “the sleeping lady,” so called from the resemblance of its silhouette to the form of a woman. (For the position of the observing hut, see p. 59.)

scholarly journals VIII. Astronomical observations. In two letters from M. Francis de Zach, Professor of Mathematics, and Member of the Royal Academies of Sciences at Marseilles, Dijon, and Lyons, to Mr. Tiberius Cavallo, F. R. S

1785 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 137-152
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Vernal Equinox ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Pendulum Clock ◽  
Jupiter’S Satellites

Sir, I send you the account of the observations on the eclipse of the moon, which I have made together with the rev. Father Le Fevre, Astronomer at Lyons, in the Observatory called au grand Collège ; to which I shall add the observations of the vernal equinox; some observation son Jupiter's satellites, made at Marseilles by M. Saint Jacques de Sylvabelle; and, lastly, a new solution of a problem that occurs in computing the orbits of comets. If you think that these observations do in any way deserve the notice of the Royal Society, I ascertain the going of the pendulum clock, I took several corresponding altitudes of the sun, which you will find in the following table.On the day of the eclipse the sky was very serene, nothing could be finer, and it continued so during the observation.

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