scholarly journals Data science approaches to infectious disease surveillance

2021 ◽  
Vol 380 (2214) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingpeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Infectious Disease Surveillance ◽  
Introductory Article

Novel data science approaches are needed to confront large-scale infectious disease epidemics such as COVID-19, human immunodeficiency viruses, African swine flu and Ebola. Human beings are now equipped with richer data and more advanced data analytics methodologies, many of which have become available only in the last decade. The theme issue Data Science Approaches to Infectious Diseases Surveillance reports the latest interdisciplinary research on developing novel data science methodologies to capitalize on the rich ‘big data’ of human behaviours to confront infectious diseases, with a particular focus on combating the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Compared to conventional public health research, articles in this issue present innovative data science approaches that were not possible without the growing human behaviour data and the recent advances in information and communications technology. This issue has 12 research papers and one review paper from a strong lineup of contributors from multiple disciplines, including data science, computer science, computational social sciences, applied maths, statistics, physics and public health. This introductory article provides a brief overview of the issue and discusses the future of this emerging field. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Data science approaches to infectious disease surveillance’.

scholarly journals Towards One Health Knowledge Networks: A Southern African Centre of Infectious Disease Surveillance case study

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Beda
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
One Health ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Knowledge Network ◽  
Infectious Disease Surveillance

The dynamic nature of new information and/or knowledge is a big challenge for information systems. Early knowledge management systems focused entirely on technologies for storing, searching and retrieving data; these systems have proved a failure. Juirsica and Mylopoulos1 suggested that in order to build effective technologies for knowledge management, we need to further our understanding of how individuals, groups and organisations use knowledge. As the focus on knowledge management for organisations and consortia alike is moving towards a keen appreciation of how deeply knowledge is embedded in people’s experiences, there is a general realisation that knowledge cannot be stored or captured digitally. This puts more emphasis in creating enabling environments for interactions that stimulate knowledge sharing.Our work aims at developing an un-obtrusive intelligent system that glues together effective contemporary and traditional technologies to aid these interactions and manage the information captured. In addition this system will include tools to aid propagating a repository of scientific information relevant to surveillance of infectious diseases to complement knowledge shared and/or acts as a point of reference.This work is ongoing and based on experiences in developing a knowledge network management system for the Southern African Centre of Infectious Disease Surveillance (SACIDS), A One Health consortium of southern African academic and research institutions involved with infectious diseases of humans and animals in partnership with world-renowned centres of research in industrialised countries.

Climate Change-Associated Conflict and Infectious Disease

2017 ◽  
pp. 68-88
Author(s):  
Devin C. Bowles
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Health Personnel ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Food Scarcity ◽  
Surveillance Programs

One of the least appreciated mechanisms by which climate change will affect infectious diseases is via increased violent conflict. Climate change will diminish agricultural and pastoral resources and increase food scarcity in many areas, including already impoverished equatorial regions. Many in the defence and public health fields anticipate that climate change will increase conflict by fuelling competition over scarce resources. Already, some commentators argue that the conflicts in Darfur and Syria were partially caused or exacerbated by climate change. Conflict facilitates a range of conditions conducive to the spread of many infectious diseases, including malnutrition, forced migration, unhygienic living conditions and widespread sexual assault. Flight or killing of health personnel inhibits vaccination, vector control and disease surveillance programs. Emergence of new diseases may go undetected and discovery of outbreaks could be suppressed for strategic reasons. These conditions combine to increase the risk of pandemics.

scholarly journals A review of infectious disease surveillance to inform public health action against the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Larsen ◽  
Rachel E. Dinero ◽  
Elizabeth Asiago-Reddy ◽  
Hyatt Green ◽  
Sandra Lane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Public Health Action ◽  
Infectious Disease Surveillance ◽  
Genetic Sequencing ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Infected People

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic exposed the inadequacy of infectious disease surveillance throughout the US and other countries. Isolation and contact tracing to identify all infected people are key public health interventions necessary to control infectious disease outbreaks. However, these activities are dependent upon the surveillance platform to identify infections quickly. A robust surveillance platform can also reinforce community adherence to behavioral interventions such as social distancing. In situations where contact tracing is feasible, all suspected cases and contacts of confirmed cases must be tested for a SARS-CoV-2 infection and effectively isolated. At the community level wastewater surveillance can identify areas where transmission is or is not occurring, and genetic sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 can help to elucidate the intensity of transmission independent of the number of known cases and hospitalizations. State and county public health departments should improve the infectious disease surveillance platform whilst the public is practicing social distancing. These enhanced surveillance activities are necessary to contain the epidemic once the curve has been sufficiently flattened in highly burdened areas, and to prevent escalation in areas where transmission is minimal.

scholarly journals International infectious disease surveillance during the London Olympic and Paralympic Games 2012: process and outcomes

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Jones ◽  
J Lawrence ◽  
L Payne Hallström ◽  
J Mantero ◽  
H Kirkbride ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Infectious Disease Surveillance ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Travel Health ◽  
And Control ◽  
Paralympic Games

Surveillance for possible international infectious disease threats to the Olympic and Paralympic Games in London, United Kingdom, was conducted from 2 July to 12 September 2012 by a collaborative team comprising representatives from the Health Protection Agency (Public Health England since April 2013), the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and the National Travel Health Network and Centre. Team members enhanced their usual international surveillance activities and undertook joint risk assessments of incidents identified as relevant through an agreed set of criteria designed for the Games and using tools developed for this purpose. Although team members responded to a range of international disease incidents as part of their routine roles during this period, no incident was identified that represented a threat to the Games. Six incidents were highlighted by the team that were likely to attract media attention and hence could generate political and public concern. Responding to such concern is an important aspect of the overall public health management of mass gathering events. The lessons learned about the process and outcomes of the enhanced international surveillance will help inform planning by future hosts of similar events.

Electronic Health Record Use in Public Health Infectious Disease Surveillance, USA, 2018–2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Willis ◽  
Noelle M. Cocoros ◽  
Liisa M. Randall ◽  
Aileen M. Ochoa ◽  
Gillian Haney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Electronic Health Record ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Health Record ◽  
Infectious Disease Surveillance ◽  
Electronic Health
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