“Carnaval em casa”

The carnival of 2021 of Rio de Janeiro was unprecedently cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the city administration knew it would have to enforce the decision and convince residents to avoid celebrating despite the restrictions. Importantly, officials had the support of the samba schools and the blocos of street carnival, and the blocos organized a manifesto and campaign declaring that in 2021 carnival would be “at home.” While many scholars have shown how street music can mobilize revelers, this article shows that the blocos of Rio’s street carnival also have the capacity to demobilize them. Their campaign drew on familiar carnivalesque and Brazilian tropes to rationalize a biopolitical message of civic responsibility, respect for life, and resistance to virus denialism. They played on long-standing Brazilian tropes of carnival as an ephemeral moment whose presence is fleeting and soon experienced as saudade, or nostalgia. I explore various manifestations of the campaign, including its manifestos and arguments, as well as some of the alternatives that were offered, such as virtual carnival performances and new carnival songs adapted to the situation. By inverting their traditional demands to occupy the streets and instead limiting festivity to domestic space, the blocos framed their plea not as a departure from carnival tradition, but as fundamentally carnivalesque. I argue that classic carnival theories are best understood as performative rather than an explanatory; that is, it is how carnival practitioners deploy the carnivalesque tropes of inversion as elements of a persuasive discourse that is my focus.

SURVIVAL STRATEGIES OF WOMEN FISHER IN MUARA SELOTONG

This paper aims to identify and describe the survival strategies of women fishers in meeting the needs of family life in Muara Selotong and the distribution of marine products. In their role, women fishers do not only play a role in the domestic space but also participate to fulfill and increase income, so that they are sufficient for the family economy. This research uses a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach, research techniques include; participant observer and in-depth interviews. The results of the field research show that in helping the family's economy, women fisher in Muara Selotong work looking for shellfish, crabs and helping their husbands in looking for fish and shrimp. The technique of looking for shells and crabs uses the traditional way, namely by using a “Gancu” tool and watching the tides. For the sake of getting additional economics, some dare to do this work, even though they are not good at swimming. Economic demands and low levels of education are the main reasons for women to participate in helping the family economy because the income earned by men as heads of households is deemed insufficient. Women also have wider access and networks than men to distribute marine products. because women take on roles from the production stage to distribution in the market. It can be seen that the dual role of women is very helpful to meet the needs of the family.

Whose Sidewalk?

Home is a nodal point in a series of polarities, including family-community; space-place; inside-outside; private-public; domestic-social. These may not be stable but seem both solidified and undermined as they play out their meaning and practice in and through the home. The “public” is traditionally the state’s domain, while the “private” the citizens’. But where does “private” end and “public” begin? Can a border or boundary be placed between the two? Is such a boundary culture-specific or universal? Is it static or dynamic? Scholars often perceive borders as barriers and bridges, porous and impenetrable, and border studies have shown that urban entities have their own internal and external borders. I argue that such internal urban micro-boundaries can be found in the domain of domestic space, separating the private from the public, and that they are dynamic and constantly negotiated. Not necessarily marked, they are acknowledged by a mutual and tacit agreement, a social and cultural consensus. In this paper, I focus on common expansions of private into public space in Limassol, Cyprus, and the ways in which, this social consensus is achieved through the use of several tactics. As I illustrate, all these tactics seem to transform public space into private, on a symbolic level. The paper’s contribution lies in the examination of this type of boundary, which has received little academic attention, as well as in the introduction of the term “tactics of inhibition.”

Improving Domestic Space Heating: A Cost Benefit Analysis Based on a Randomised Community Trial

<p>Despite New Zealand's temperate climate, New Zealand homes are generally cold, primarily as the result of a historical lack of insulation. Many New Zealand households also suffer fuel poverty and have inadequate domestic space heating, including unflued gas heaters which emit harmful gases directly into the indoor environment. There is a large body of evidence correlating improved domestic space heating and respiratory health outcomes such as asthma. There is also evidence of connections between improved domestic space heating and mental health, COPD, rheumatism, ischaemic heart disease and strokes. Improvements in domestic space heating have the potential to improve occupant health via increased temperatures and reduced dampness, mould, and harmful emissions and also have the potential to reduce household energy bills and CO2 emissions. This potential was the basis of the Housing, Heating and Health Study, a randomised community trial carried out by He Kainga Oranga, the Housing and Health Research Programme of the School of Medicine and Health Sciences of the University of Otago, Wellington, which involved the installation of energy efficient and healthy heaters in the dwellings of families who used ineffective heating and included an asthmatic child aged seven to twelve. This thesis is a cost benefit analysis based primarily on energy use and health outcome related data from the Housing, Heating and Health Study. It concludes that the outcome of the intervention was equivocal from a societal perspective, due in part to limitations of the data and analysis, with a negative "net present value" (NPV) for the baseline scenario, but positive NPVs for a number of alternative scenarios and a strong suggestion that if the full benefits of the intervention were captured that the NPV of the intervention is likely to be positive. Predicted changes to the New Zealand economy resulting from climate change mitigation policies and increasing real energy costs also increase the likelihood that similar future interventions may have a positive NPV.</p>

Monstrous Interiors: Quasi-Domestic Space As the Ontological Terrorist of Toxic Masculinity

Resonating with these pandemic times, Catherine Spooner has described the Gothic as a ‘malevolent virus’. In my paper, I will propose that the haunted house narrative, so central to American Gothic, has itself mutated in response to a backdrop of post-millenial social, political and financial collapse in a manner quite different to developments in the rest of the Gothic literary world. The narrative strand which has emerged, presents the reader with a new form of the Gothic male protagonist, whom the British psychologist R.D Laing in The Divided Self (1960), would describe as a ‘schizoid’ subject. Fragile, failing and fragmenting, he escapes a failing career, marriage and parenthood by removing his family to a quasi-domestic space which promises repair. House or hotel, these ‘haunted houses’ are different from the earlier ‘hungry houses’ identified by Gothic writer Stephen Graham Jones in his introduction to Robert Marasco’s classic haunted house novel, Burnt Offerings. This new quasi-domestic space, often combining work and home, rises up to meet the male schizoid, not merely as the traditional Gothic setting, but as a sentient being; a monster in its own right. His entrapment in this new Gothic labyrinth that is constantly shifting, expanding and shrinking, provides a performative stage on which the schizoid male is forced into an existential crisis beyond that of the trauma of spousal and parental failure, ultimately forcing him to confront what it is to exist in space and time. A reaction to the rise of neo-liberalism and toxic masculinity, this important strand to American Gothic embraces the multiplicity of the Gothic’s new forms and is evident in texts such as Steve Rasnic Tem’s, Deadfall Hotel, Mark Z. Danielewski’s House of Leaves, Thomas Liggotti’s, The Town Manager, Jac Jemc’s, The Grip of It and Shaun Hamill’s A Cosmology of Monsters. Developing from their deeper roots in the Calvinist Gothic tradition of Hawthorne, Brockden Brown and Poe via the mid-century works of Stephen King and Robert Marasco, these new post- millennial narratives provide a space in which notions of masculine subjectivity are fundamentally challenged.

Improving Domestic Space Heating: A Cost Benefit Analysis Based on a Randomised Community Trial

<p>Despite New Zealand's temperate climate, New Zealand homes are generally cold, primarily as the result of a historical lack of insulation. Many New Zealand households also suffer fuel poverty and have inadequate domestic space heating, including unflued gas heaters which emit harmful gases directly into the indoor environment. There is a large body of evidence correlating improved domestic space heating and respiratory health outcomes such as asthma. There is also evidence of connections between improved domestic space heating and mental health, COPD, rheumatism, ischaemic heart disease and strokes. Improvements in domestic space heating have the potential to improve occupant health via increased temperatures and reduced dampness, mould, and harmful emissions and also have the potential to reduce household energy bills and CO2 emissions. This potential was the basis of the Housing, Heating and Health Study, a randomised community trial carried out by He Kainga Oranga, the Housing and Health Research Programme of the School of Medicine and Health Sciences of the University of Otago, Wellington, which involved the installation of energy efficient and healthy heaters in the dwellings of families who used ineffective heating and included an asthmatic child aged seven to twelve. This thesis is a cost benefit analysis based primarily on energy use and health outcome related data from the Housing, Heating and Health Study. It concludes that the outcome of the intervention was equivocal from a societal perspective, due in part to limitations of the data and analysis, with a negative "net present value" (NPV) for the baseline scenario, but positive NPVs for a number of alternative scenarios and a strong suggestion that if the full benefits of the intervention were captured that the NPV of the intervention is likely to be positive. Predicted changes to the New Zealand economy resulting from climate change mitigation policies and increasing real energy costs also increase the likelihood that similar future interventions may have a positive NPV.</p>

Introduction to Part II

This chapter introduces the material to be studied in Part II; it outlines the types of evidence for functional domestic artefacts that reveal the experiences of daily life in Roman and late antique Egypt. It explains that an analysis of object function can reveal how objects were used for different activities on a day-to-day basis, and therefore demonstrate some of the experiences of people in the past. The section assesses a range of everyday artefacts in durable materials, like stone, glass, ceramic, metals, and bone and ivory. Artefacts associated with daily activities such as cooking and dining, lighting the home, leisure time, and textile production are discussed in relation to specific examples from the archaeological record and textual sources. The section also addresses the extraordinary organic artefacts surviving from Egypt, and the special value of functional artefacts made of wood, textiles, leather, and other perishable materials. Organic artefacts associated with home furnishings and other textiles, writing tools and materials, basketry, and cleaning equipment, are discussed in relation to the experiences they facilitated in Roman and late antique Egypt. The chapter also discusses how these artefacts reveal the temporal rhythms of the home and multifunctional nature of domestic space and objects.