The colonization of the Krakatau Islands by fig wasps and other chalcids (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea)

1988 ◽  
Vol 322 (1211) ◽  
pp. 459-470 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Fig Wasps ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Fig Trees ◽  
First Time

This paper describes aspects of the chalcid fauna of the Krakatau Islands in relation to recolonization and floral succession. Chalcids of the family Agaonidae (fig wasps) are the obligate pollinators of fig trees ( Ficus spp.). The years 1984-86 appear to have spanned a critical period in the colonization of Anak Krakatau by Ficus and its associated animals. Within this period, flowering and successful pollination have taken place for the first time and the diversity of fruit-eating vertebrates has multiplied. The chalcids present on Anak Krakatau were compared with those found on other islands in the group. The chalcid fauna of Anak Krakatau had most in common with that of the spit area of northern Sertung, with which it shares a Casuarina -dominated vegetation. Comparisons between chalcids collected by similar methods on the Krakatau Islands and in tropical West Africa indicated that at the family level the faunas are remarkably similar.

The Crispe Family and the African Trade in the Seventeenth Century

1968 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Gold Coast ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

Nicholas Crispe (1598–1666) played a very important part in the developing of English trading contacts with West Africa in the seventeenth century. He obtained a commanding position within the African company in 1628 and did much to secure the company's reconstitution on a sounder basis in 1631. From 1631 until 1644 Crispe was the driving force behind the trade and, in particular, directed and largely financed the successful English entry into the gold trade of the Gold Coast, where permanent English factories with resident traders were established for the first time and a fort was started at Kormantin. After the Restoration he tried to regain his former position, but was unsuccessful, though his membership of the Company of Adventurers did give him some influence on the trade. Other members of the family were also involved in the African trade, sometimes in a significant way, over the same period.

The early derivative water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia, superfamilies Eylaoidea, Hydrachnoidea and Hydryphantoidea) of Madagascar

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4727 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-77
Author(s):  
REINHARD GERECKE
Keyword(s):  
Species Level ◽  
Water Mites ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
First Time

A general introduction to the water mites of Madagascar is given, together with a survey of the diversity of the early derivative superfamilies Eylaoidea, Hydrachnoidea, and Hydryphantoidea. The family Teratothyadidae (genera Teratothyas and Teratothyasides) and the hydryphantid subfamilies Euthyadinae (genera Javathyas and Trichothyas) and Wandesiinae (genus Wandesia) are recorded for the first time from Madagascar, the latter being new for the Ethiopian bioregion. One subgenus in the family Teratothyadidae, Ascoteratothyas subgen. nov. (genus Teratothyas) and eighteen species are described as new to science: Hydrodroma amoenoderma, H. lasioderma, H. megalonyx, H. mesembrina, H. poseidon, Javathyas nasipalpis, Wandesia pelipoda, W. anjozorobensis, Teratothyas (s. str.) digitata, T. (s. str.) aucta, T. (s. str.) proceripapillata, T. (s. str.) planipapillata, T. (Ascoteratothyas) levigata, T. (A.) porrigens, T. (A.) reducta, Teratothyasides heptaplax, T. ravenala and T. vanilla. Previous Madagascan records of Hydrodroma despiciens (Müller, 1776) and H. capensis (K. Viets, 1914) are attributed to H. poseidon. The subgenus Pseudowandesia is synonymized with the nominate subgenus. New locality records for other species include the first recording on the island of Hydrodroma perreptans (K. Viets, 1913) and H. zhokhovi Tuzovskij, 2014. Limnochares connexa Tuzovskij & Gerecke 2009 is redescribed. A dichotomous key leads to species level for the groups treated here, to family level for representatives of the remaining four superfamilies present on Madagascar. 

Paolia vetusta Smith, 1871 (Insecta: Protorthoptera), from the Mansfield Formation (Pennsylvanian), Indiana

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 886-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Maples
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Entire Specimen ◽  
First Time

Paolia vetusta Smith, 1871a, from the Hindostan whetstone beds of Indiana (Namurian), thought to have been lost since 1918, has been found and currently is housed at Hanover College, Hanover, Indiana. Paolia vetusta is illustrated photographically for the first time. The major character difference between Smith's (1871a) figure and the actual specimen is the lack in the latter of an extensive archedictyon extending over the entire specimen. Currently, the family Paoliidae is defined as having Sc terminating on R. Paolia vetusta clearly shows Sc terminating on C. Therefore, the Sc terminus should have no taxonomic significance at the family level.

scholarly journals The unknown followers: Discovery of a new species of Sycobia Walker (Hymenoptera: Epichrysomallinae) associated with Ficus benjamina L. (Moraceae) in the Neotropical region

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 85-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Henrique Antoniolli Farache ◽  
Cecilia Bernardo Pereira ◽  
Cristiana Koschnitzke ◽  
Levi Oliveira Barros ◽  
Elmecelli Moraes de Castro Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Fig Wasp ◽  
Fig Wasps ◽  
Wasp Species ◽  
Fig Trees ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

Biotic invasion in mutualistic communities is of particular interest due to the possible establishment of new relationships with native species. Ficus species are widely cultivated as ornamental plants, and they host specific communities of chalcid wasps that are strictly associated with the fig inflorescences. Some introduced fig species are capable of establishing new relationships with the local fig wasps, and fig wasp species may also be concomitantly introduced with their host plants. Ficusbenjamina L. is widely cultivated across the world, but the associated fig wasps are not reported outside of the species native range. We describe for the first time a non-pollinating fig wasp associated with F.benjamina inflorescences outside its native distribution. Sycobiahodites Farache & Rasplus, sp. n. is the third known species of the genus and was recorded in populations of F.benjamina introduced in the Neotropical region throughout several localities in Argentina, Brazil and Colombia. Sycobia is a gall-inducing non-pollinating fig wasp genus associated with fig trees in the Oriental and Australasian regions. This species competes with pollinators for oviposition sites and may hinder the future establishment of the native pollinator of F.benjamina, Eupristinakoningsbergeri Grandi, 1916 in the New World. However, the occurrence of a gall inducing species in this host plant may open ecological opportunities for the establishment of species belonging to other trophic levels such as cleptoparasite and parasitoid wasps.

scholarly journals Designation of a new family group name, Tonzidae fam. nov., for the genus Tonza (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutoidea), based on immature stages of Tonza citrorrhoa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeki Kobayashi ◽  
Haruka Matsuoka ◽  
Masaaki Kimura ◽  
Jae-Cheon Sohn ◽  
Yutaka Yoshiyasu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Family Group ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
First Time

The systematic position of Tonza Walker, 1864 is re-evaluated, based on the characteristics of immature stages and DNA barcodes. Larvae and pupae of Tonza citrorrhoa Meyrick, 1905 are described and illustrated for the first time. Larvae of this species form a loose web among the leaves and branches of the host plant, Putranjiva matsumurae Koidz. (Putranjivaceae Endl.). The immature stages of Tonza exhibit four unique apomorphies including: in the larva, the prolegs on A5 and A6 absent, and the seta L2 on the A1–A8 very small; in the pupa, four minute knobs are positioned in the middle portion on abdominal segments V and VI; while its caudal processes possess a W-shaped spine with numerous minute spines. These characteristics clearly distinguish Tonza from other yponomeutoid families and hence, we propose a new family group name, Tonzidae Kobayashi & Sohn fam. nov., for the genus Tonza. Existing DNA barcode data suggest a relationship with Glyphipterigidae Stainton, 1854. The family level status of Tonzidae fam. nov. provides a hypothesis that needs to be tested with larger molecular data.

First record of late Eocene ascidians (Ascidiacea, Tunicata) from southeastern Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Łukowiak
Keyword(s):  
First Record ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Upper Eocene ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Recent Species ◽  
First Time

Ascidian spicules are reported for the first time from the upper Eocene (Paleogene) biosiliceous marls and mudstones of the Blanche Point Formation in the St. Vincent Basin, southeastern Australia. The spicules that belong to the family Polycitoridae are identified as a Recent species Cystodytes cf. dellechiajei, and Cystodytes sp. and spicules of the family Didemnidae are indentified as representing genera Lissoclinum, Didemnum, and Polysyncraton. Five other different morphological spicule types which can be classified only at the family level also belong to the Didemnidae. This study demonstrates that ascidians had a very wide distribution by the late Eocene and that ascidian fauna was already of a modern character.

Five new morphological types of virgulate and microcotylous xiphidiocercariae based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Shchenkov ◽  
S.A. Denisova ◽  
G.A. Kremnev ◽  
A.A. Dobrovolskij
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
First Time

Abstract The phylogenetic position of most xiphidiocercariae from subgroups Cercariae virgulae and Cercariae microcotylae remains unknown or unclear, even at the family level. In this paper, we studied the morphology and molecular phylogeny of 15 microcotylous and virgulate cercariae (11 new and four previously described ones). Based on morphological and molecular data, we suggested five distinct morphological types of xiphidiocercariae, which are a practical alternative to Cercariae virgulae and Cercariae microcotylae subgroups. Four of these types correspond to actual digenean taxa (Microphallidae, Lecithodendriidae, Pleurogenidae and Prosthogonimidae), while the fifth is represented by Cercaria nigrospora Wergun, 1957, which we classified on the basis of molecular data for the first time. We reassessed the relative importance of morphological characters used for the classification of virgulate and microcotylous cercariae, and discussed the main evolutionary trends within xiphidiocercariae. Now stylet cercariae can be reliably placed into several sub-taxa of Microphalloidea on the basis of their morphological features.

An outstanding fauna of marsupiate echinoids in the Pliocene of Vendée (western France)

2005 ◽  
Vol 176 (6) ◽  
pp. 545-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Christophe Dudicourt ◽  
Didier Neraudeau ◽  
Philippe Nicolleau ◽  
Luc Ceulemans ◽  
Frédéric Boutin
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The Other ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species ◽  
High Diversity

Abstract New investigations in the Pliocene deposits of Challans (Vendée) have allowed to collect more than 3000 marsupiate echinoids, remarkably preserved. So, apical systems, especially the marsupium of the breeding temnopleurids T. (V.) bigoti and C. bardini, have been described and figured for the first time with complete specimens. Two new marsupiate species have been described: Arbacina hugueti nov. sp., third marsupiate species of the genus Arbacina to be known in the Neogene of western France after A. emmae NÉRAUDEAU, 2003 from the Messinian of Brittany and A. pareyni ROMAN, 1983 from the Pliocene of Normandy; Tremaster romani, new species and genus of temnopleurid, characterised by an uncommon supra-ambital tuberculation, with excressences of the test surrounding scrobiculated tubercles. A third new marsupiate echinoid, Coptechinus sp. A, has been found too, but it is very difficult to know if it is a new species or a new morphotype of C. bardini. Contrarily to previous interpretations, this study points out the high diversity of western European Neogene marsupiate echinoids, a diversity comparable to the one of Australian Neogene marsupiate echinoids. However, breeding species from Australia and western Europe are clearly different and similarities exist between these two marsupiate echinofaunas at the family level only. Indeed, both in Australia and western Europe, the breeding species of echinoids mainly belong to the temnopleurid family, with the austral genus Paradoxechinus, on the one side, the north European genera Temnotrema and Coptechinus, on the other side. Moreover, the arbaciids consist of three marsupiate species of the genus Arbacina in Europe when no breeding species of this family exist in Australia. On the contrary, several breeding irregular echinoids have been found in the Australian Tertiary deposits (Spatangoids and Clypeasteroids) when not any marsupiate irregular echinoid has been discovered at present in the western Europe Neogene deposits.

Buried Narratives: Exhuming the Mother's Story in Oliver Twist

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-266
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Maternal Inheritance ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Poor Law ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Law ◽  
First Time ◽  
Critical Consideration

Initially, Oliver Twist (1839) might seem representative of the archetypal male social plot, following an orphan and finding him a place by discovering the father and settling the boy within his inheritance. But Agnes Fleming haunts this narrative, undoing its neat, linear transmission. This reconsideration of maternal inheritance and plot in the novel occurs against the backdrop of legal and social change. I extend the critical consideration of the novel's relationship to the New Poor Law by thinking about its reflection on the bastardy clauses. And here, of course, is where the mother enters. Under the bastardy clauses, the responsibility for economic maintenance of bastard children was, for the first time, legally assigned to the mother, relieving the father of any and all obligation. Oliver Twist manages to critique the bastardy clauses for their release of the father, while simultaneously embracing the placement of the mother at the head of the family line. Both Oliver and the novel thus suggest that it is the mother's story that matters, her name through which we find our own. And by containing both plots – that of the father and the mother – Oliver Twist reveals the violence implicit in traditional modes of inheritance in the novel and under the law.

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