Five new morphological types of virgulate and microcotylous xiphidiocercariae based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Shchenkov ◽  
S.A. Denisova ◽  
G.A. Kremnev ◽  
A.A. Dobrovolskij
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
First Time

Abstract The phylogenetic position of most xiphidiocercariae from subgroups Cercariae virgulae and Cercariae microcotylae remains unknown or unclear, even at the family level. In this paper, we studied the morphology and molecular phylogeny of 15 microcotylous and virgulate cercariae (11 new and four previously described ones). Based on morphological and molecular data, we suggested five distinct morphological types of xiphidiocercariae, which are a practical alternative to Cercariae virgulae and Cercariae microcotylae subgroups. Four of these types correspond to actual digenean taxa (Microphallidae, Lecithodendriidae, Pleurogenidae and Prosthogonimidae), while the fifth is represented by Cercaria nigrospora Wergun, 1957, which we classified on the basis of molecular data for the first time. We reassessed the relative importance of morphological characters used for the classification of virgulate and microcotylous cercariae, and discussed the main evolutionary trends within xiphidiocercariae. Now stylet cercariae can be reliably placed into several sub-taxa of Microphalloidea on the basis of their morphological features.

A new predatory leech from Vietnam (Hirudinida : Arhynchobdellida : Salifidae): its phylogenetic position with comments on the classification of the family

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takafumi Nakano ◽  
Son Truong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
First Time

The family Salifidae is a predaceous leech taxon in the suborder Erpobdelliformes. Although Salifidae is widely distributed in the African, Oriental, Indo-Malayan, Sino-Japanese and Australasian regions, the phylogenetic relationships of the family Salifidae have never been tested using molecular data obtained from leeches collected from the family distributional range. A salifid species was collected for the first time in Vietnam, and relevant morphological and molecular data are presented here. Because the Vietnamese salifid species possesses unique morphological characteristics among the known salifid species, this species is herein described as a new species, Salifa motokawai, sp. nov. Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear 18S rRNA and histone H3, as well as mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, tRNACys, tRNAMet, 12S rRNA, tRNAVal, 16S rRNA, tRNALeu and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 markers demonstrate that the Vietnamese salifid species is a close congener with the African Salifa perspicax and the Malagasy Linta be. Furthermore, molecular data revealed non-monophyly of the Asian salifid leeches. According to the observed phylogenetic relationships and morphological characteristics of the Vietnamese Salifa motokawai, sp. nov., the current classification of salifid taxa should be revised.

scholarly journals Phylogeny and morphology of genus Nephrocytium (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta) from China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 319 (1) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
XUDONG LIU ◽  
HUAN ZHU ◽  
BENWEN LIU ◽  
GUOXIANG LIU ◽  
ZHENGYU HU
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Close Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
The Family ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

The genus Nephrocytium Nägeli is a common member of phytoplankton communities that has a distinctive morphology. Its taxonomic position is traditionally considered to be within the family Oocystaceae (Trebouxiophyceae). However, research on its ultrastructure is rare, and the phylogenetic position has not yet been determined. In this study, two strains of Nephrocytium, N. agardhianum Nägeli and N. limneticum (G.M.Smith) G.M.Smith, were identified and successfully cultured in the laboratory. Morphological inspection by light and electron microscopy and molecular phylogenetic analyses were performed to explore the taxonomic position. Ultrastructure implied a likely irregular network of dense and fine ribs on the surface of the daughter cell wall that resembled that of the genus Chromochloris Kol & Chodat (Chromochloridaceae). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that Nephrocytium formed an independent lineage in the order Sphaeropleales (Chlorophyceae) with high support values and a close phylogenetic relationship with Chromochloris. Based on combined morphological, ultrastructural and phylogenetic data, we propose a re-classification of Nephrocytium into Sphaeropleales, sharing a close relationship with Chromochloris.

scholarly journals Cretaceous origin and repeated tertiary diversification of the redefined butterflies

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1731) ◽  
pp. 1093-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Heikkilä ◽  
Lauri Kaila ◽  
Marko Mutanen ◽  
Carlos Peña ◽  
Niklas Wahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Bayesian Approaches ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

Although the taxonomy of the ca 18 000 species of butterflies and skippers is well known, the family-level relationships are still debated. Here, we present, to our knowledge, the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the superfamilies Papilionoidea, Hesperioidea and Hedyloidea to date based on morphological and molecular data. We reconstructed their phylogenetic relationships using parsimony and Bayesian approaches. We estimated times and rates of diversification along lineages in order to reconstruct their evolutionary history. Our results suggest that the butterflies, as traditionally understood, are paraphyletic, with Papilionidae being the sister-group to Hesperioidea, Hedyloidea and all other butterflies. Hence, the families in the current three superfamilies should be placed in a single superfamily Papilionoidea. In addition, we find that Hedylidae is sister to Hesperiidae, and this novel relationship is supported by two morphological characters. The families diverged in the Early Cretaceous but diversified after the Cretaceous–Palaeogene event. The diversification of butterflies is characterized by a slow speciation rate in the lineage leading to Baronia brevicornis , a period of stasis by the skippers after divergence and a burst of diversification in the lineages leading to Nymphalidae, Riodinidae and Lycaenidae.

Molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological variation point to taxonomic problems among four genera of parasitoid doryctine wasps (Hymenoptera : Braconidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Gebiola ◽  
Antonio P. Garonna ◽  
Umberto Bernardo ◽  
Sergey A. Belokobylskij
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Ongoing Effort ◽  
The Status ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Doryctinae (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) is a large and diverse subfamily of parasitic wasps that has received much attention recently, with new species and genera described and phylogenies based on morphological and/or molecular data that have improved higher-level classification and species delimitation. However, the status of several genera is still unresolved, if not controversial. Here we focus on two related groups of such genera, Dendrosoter Wesmael–Caenopachys Foerster and Ecphylus Foerster–Sycosoter Picard & Lichtenstein. We integrated morphological and molecular (COI and 28S–D2 genes) evidence to highlight, by phylogenetic analyses (maximum likelihood and Bayesian) and a posteriori morphological examination, previously overlooked variation, which is here illustrated and discussed. Monophyly of Dendrosoter and Caenopachys and the presence of synapomorphic morphological characters support synonymy of Caenopachys under Dendrosoter. Low genetic differentiation and high variability for putatively diagnostic morphological characters found in both C. hartigii (Ratzeburg) and C. caenopachoides (Ruschka) supports synonymy of D. caenopachoides under D. hartigii, syn. nov. Morphological and molecular evidence together also indicate independent generic status for Sycosoter, stat. rev., which is here resurrected. This work represents a further advancement in the framework of the ongoing effort to improve systematics and classification of the subfamily Doryctinae.

Phylogenetic position of Coronastrum ellipsoideum and description of Parachlorella hussii sp. nov.

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Bock ◽  
Marie Pažoutová ◽  
Lothar Krienitz
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Its Rrna Gene ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
First Time

AbstractFollowing traditional morphological concepts, the genus Coronastrum is considered to be a rare member of the Scenedesmaceae (Chorophyceae). This classification may be called into question when molecular data are taken into account as well. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies revealed the polyphyletic origin of the family Scenedesmaceae within the Chlorophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae. In a combined approach of morphological analyses, SSU/ITS rRNA gene phylogeny and comparison of the ITS secondary structure, we analysed the systematics of Coronastrum strains available in public strain collections. Our molecular analyses revealed a new subclade within the Chlorella clade of the Chlorellaceae consisting of Coronastrum ellipsoideum, two strains with Dictyosphaerium-like morphology and one strain which fits the description of the genus Parachlorella. Four additional strains formed together a new lineage within the genus Parachlorella in the Parachlorella clade of the Chlorellaceae. These strains differ from the already known Parachlorella species in complementary base changes within the ITS2 and are here described for the first time as Parachlorella hussii sp. nov.

The formerly enigmatic Unidentiidae in the limelight again: a new species of the genus Unidentia from Thailand (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4551 (5) ◽  
pp. 556 ◽  
Author(s):  
TATIANA KORSHUNOVA ◽  
RAHUL MEHROTRA ◽  
SPENCER ARNOLD ◽  
KENNET LUNDIN ◽  
BERNARD PICTON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Sea Slugs ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

An integrative molecular and morphological study is presented for the family Unidentiidae. Molecular phylogenetic analyses were conducted with the inclusion of all previous and newly obtained molecular data for the family Unidentiidae Millen & Hermosillo 2012. A new species of the genus Unidentia Millen & Hermosillo 2012, U. aliciae sp. nov., is described from Thailand as part of an inventory of sea slugs at Koh Tao. All up-to-date available morphological data for the species of the genus Unidentia is for the first time summarized. Morphological differences among the different species of Unidentia are clarified showing that every species has its own distinguishable morphological traits. According to the new molecular and morphological data, the family Unidentiidae is re-confirmed as a well-supported taxon of the aeolidacean nudibranchs. The taxonomy and phylogeny of the Aeolidacea in the light of the family Unidentiidae is briefly discussed and necessity of a fine-scale and narrowly-defined taxa approach instead of a ‘‘superlumping’’ one is highlighted. 

Thelopsis challenges the generic circumscription in the Gyalectaceae and brings new insights to the taxonomy of Ramonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-61
Author(s):  
Damien Ertz ◽  
Neil Sanderson ◽  
Marc Lebouvier
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Saint Paul ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Generic Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fungal Dna ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe genus Thelopsis was classified in the family Stictidaceae but its systematic position has never been investigated by molecular methods. In order to determine its family placement and to test its monophyly, fungal DNA of recent collections of Thelopsis specimens was sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses using nuLSU, RPB2 and mtSSU sequences reveal that members of Thelopsis form a monophyletic group within the genus Gyalecta as currently accepted. The placement of Thelopsis, including the generic type T. rubella, within the genus Gyalecta challenges the generic circumscription of this group because Thelopsis is well recognized by the combination of morphological characters: perithecioid ascomata, well-developed periphysoids, polysporous asci and small, few-septate ellipsoid-oblong ascospores. The sterile sorediate Opegrapha corticola is also placed in the Gyalectaceae as sister species to Thelopsis byssoidea + T. rubella. Ascomata of O. corticola are illustrated for the first time and support its placement in the genus Thelopsis. The hypothesis that O. corticola might represent the sorediate fertile morph of T. rubella is not confirmed because the species is phylogenetically and morphologically distinct. Thelopsis is recovered as polyphyletic, with T. melathelia being placed as sister species to Ramonia. The new combinations Thelopsis corticola (Coppins & P. James) Sanderson & Ertz comb. nov. and Ramonia melathelia (Nyl.) Ertz comb. nov. are introduced and a new species of Gyalecta, G. amsterdamensis Ertz, is described from Amsterdam and Saint-Paul Islands, characterized by a sterile thallus with discrete soralia. Petractis luetkemuelleri and P. nodispora are accommodated in the new genus Neopetractis, differing from the generic type (P. clausa) by having a different phylogenetic position and a different photobiont. Francisrosea bicolor Ertz & Sanderson gen. & sp. nov. is described for a sterile sorediate lichen somewhat similar to Opegrapha corticola but having an isolated phylogenetic position as sister to a clade including Gyalidea praetermissa and the genera Neopetractis and Ramonia. Gyalecta farlowii, G. nidarosiensis and G. carneola are placed in a molecular phylogeny for the first time. The taxonomic significance of morphological characters in Gyalectaceae is discussed.

Schmidleinema santiniketanense sp. nov. (Cyanobacteria/ Cyanoprokaryota) from a building facade in Santiniketan, India

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (2) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
NITIN KESHARI ◽  
SUDIPTA KUMAR DAS ◽  
SIBA PRASAD ADHIKARY
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rare Occurrence ◽  
Climatic Region ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

Schmidleinema is a monotypic genus in the family Fischerellaceae (Cyanobacteria / Cyanoprokaryota) with S. indicum is the sole species described so far. Due to its rare occurrence and reported only from a tropical climatic region, the taxon was not thoroughly studied, thus its taxonomic position is ubiquitous. No molecular data of the species is available so far. While studying the aero-terrestrial cyanobacterial flora of Santiniketan, West Bengal (India), a new Schmidleinema species, i.e. Schmidleinema santiniketanense sp. nov. was documented.  Light microscopic study of morphological characters of the species revealed its distinctness from the earlier descriptions of Schmidleinema indicum, particularly in the characteristics of sheath and branching pattern. Partial sequence of 16S rRNA gene of the species was obtained and deposited in GenBank for the first time. A consensus tree prepared with  sequences of different groups of  heterocystous and branched cyanobacteria retrieved from GenBank showed its phylogenetic position.

scholarly journals The occurrence of three species of the genus Oscheius Andrássy, 1976 (Nematoda: Rhabditida) in Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Valizadeh ◽  
Shila Goldasteh ◽  
Zahra Rafiei-Karahroodi ◽  
Majid Pedram
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Bayesian Posterior Probability ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
First Time

AbstractDue to importance and effectiveness of some entomopathogenic or insect parasitic nematodes in controlling of agricultural pests, or pests of non-agricultural plants, a study was conducted in order to identify the species of this group of nematodes in city of Tehran. As the result, three species belonging to the genusOscheiuswere recovered in association with bark samples having the bark beetle galleries. Morphological and molecular data were provided for two recently recovered species of the genus, namelyO. necromenusandO. onirici. Molecular data were also provided for a recently recovered isolate ofO. tipulae. All three species were recovered in association with bark samples collected from dead trees in the city of Tehran. Morphological characters and morphometric data of the two aforementioned species are in accordance with the data given in their original descriptions. One recovered individual from a small bark sample characterized by its short body length was sequenced for its 28S and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA loci, and the results of BLAST search using the newly obtained partial sequences revealed that it belonged toO. tipulae. Molecular phylogenetic studies revealed recently sequenced Iranian populations ofO. oniriciandO. tipulaeforming a clade with other isolates/populations of these species in ITS tree with maximal Bayesian posterior probability (BPP), and presently sequenced isolates ofO. tipulaeandO. necromenusform a clade with other isolates of these species in 28S tree. The two speciesO. oniriciandO. necromenuswere reported in Iran for the first time.

Combining morphological and molecular data to classify Laxus sakihariiae sp. n., a new stilbonematine nematode (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) from the coast of Sesoko Island, Japan

Nematology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Leduc ◽  
Frederic Sinniger
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Diagnostic Feature ◽  
Lsu Rdna ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Simple Body ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

Because of their relatively simple body plan, the number of morphological characters used to differentiate between closely related nematode genera is often limited. In addition, boundaries among genera sometimes become blurred due to the appearance of new trait combinations as more new species are described. Molecular phylogenetic analyses can address the shortcomings of morphological taxonomy by clarifying relationships among closely related species and genera and can help identify which morphological characters are taxonomically informative. Here, we describeLaxus sakihariiaesp. n. from shallow subtidal sands on Sesoko Island in the Okinawa prefecture, investigate phylogenetic relationships with other stilbonematine species and genera based on SSU rDNA sequences, and provide the first LSU rDNA sequence for the subfamily. The new species can be easily distinguished from all other species of the genus by the presence in the male of subventral and ventral rows of stout and spine-like setae in the pre- and postcloacal regions. This feature suggests affinities with the closely related genusLeptonemella, although the SSU consensus tree clearly shows that the new species forms a monophyletic clade together with the otherLaxusspecies for which sequences are available. The structure of the cephalic capsule inL. sakihariiaesp. n., which consists of a block layer between the median and basal zones of the cephalic cuticle, is consistent with the placement of this species. This trait is not currently used as a diagnostic feature, but our finding suggests that the structure of the cephalic capsule may be taxonomically useful for differentiating between some stilbonematine genera.

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