scholarly journals A computational theory of visual attention

1998 ◽  
Vol 353 (1373) ◽  
pp. 1271-1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Bundesen
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Perceptual Grouping ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Race Model ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Computational Theory ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Stimulus Recognition

A computational theory of visual attention is presented. The basic theory (TVA) combines the biased–choice model for single–stimulus recognition with the fixed–capacity independent race model (FIRM) for selection from multi–element displays. TVA organizes a large body of experimental findings on performance in visual recognition and attention tasks. A recent development (CTVA) combines TVA with a theory of perceptual grouping by proximity. CTVA explains effects of perceptual grouping and spatial distance between items in multi–element displays. A new account of spatial focusing is proposed in this paper. The account provides a framework for understanding visual search as an interplay between serial and parallel processes.

scholarly journals Visual attention and perceptual grouping

1992 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Barchilon Ben-Av ◽  
Dov Sagi ◽  
Jochen Braun
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Perceptual Grouping

scholarly journals Exploring Advertising Effectiveness of Tourist Hotels’ Marketing Images Containing Nature and Performing Arts: An Eye-Tracking Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsai Wang ◽  
Chia Tsai ◽  
Ta Tang
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Advertising Effectiveness ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Attention Restoration ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Tracking Technology

The beautiful, natural environment in a tourist hotel’s marketing images can evoke relaxing and soothing emotions. However, can tourist hotels use nature as a servicescape to make their performing arts services more attractive? Based on attention restoration and servicescape theory, this study explores and compares the influence of tourist hotels’ performing arts images with nature- or built-based servicescapes on the advertising effectiveness (i.e., customer visual attention and behavioral intention). To analyze visual attention on the marketing images, this study uses eye-tracking technology to record customer visual trajectories. This experiment used a total of 113 participants. The sample size of the nature-based servicescape group was 59 (age with mean = 39.04), and that of the built-based servicescape group was 54 (age with mean = 40.17). A tourist hotel’s (Volando Urai Spring Spa & Resort) marketing images were chosen as stimuli. All participants were randomly assigned to the nature-based or the built-based servicescape group. In each experimental group, all the images were randomly presented to reduce any order effects of the images. By using eye-tracking analysis, the experimental findings were as follows: (1) A nature-based servicescape can arouse more visual attention of customers than a built-based servicescape can; (2) Marketing images with performing arts activities in nature-based servicescapes attract the visual attention of customers; (3) Nature-based servicescapes stimulate higher behavioral intentions of consumers than built-based servicescape.

Impending Collision Judgment from an Egocentric Perspective in Real and Virtual Environments: A Review

Perception ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 769-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilja T. Feldstein
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technical Factors ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Experimental Findings

The human egocentric perception of approaching objects and the related perceptual processes have been of interest to researchers for several decades. This article gives a literature review on numerous studies that investigated the phenomenon when an object approaches an observer (or the other way around) with the goal to single out factors that influence the perceptual process. A taxonomy of metrics is followed by a breakdown of different experimental measurement methods. Thereinafter, potential factors affecting the judgment of approaching objects are compiled and debated while divided into human factors (e.g., gender, age, and driving experience), compositional factors (e.g., approaching velocity, spatial distance, and observation time), and technical factors (e.g., field of view, stereoscopy, and display contrast). Experimental findings are collated, juxtaposed, and critically discussed. With virtual-reality devices having taken a tremendous developmental leap forward in the past few years, they have been able to gain ground in experimental research. Therefore, special attention in this article is also given to the perception of approaching objects in virtual environments and put in contrast to the perception in reality.

Theory of Visual Attention (TVA)

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Bundesen ◽  
Thomas Habekost
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Computational Theory ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects ◽  
Psychological Studies

The theory of visual attention introduced by Bundesen (1990) is reviewed. The authors first describe TVA as a formal computational theory of visual attention and summarize applications of TVA to psychological studies of performance (reaction times and error rates) in healthy human subjects. They then explain their neurophysiological interpretation of TVA, NTVA, and exemplify how NTVA accounts for findings from single-cell studies in primates. Finally the authors review how TVA has been applied to study attentional functions in neuropsychological, pharmacological, and genetic research.

scholarly journals Chronic increase in sugar consumption and visual attention in Wistar rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus W. Lange ◽  
Joachim Hauser ◽  
Ivo Kaunzinger ◽  
Yukiko Nakamura ◽  
Andreas Reissmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Attentional Deficits ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Impairments ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Dietary Sugars

High sugar consumption is known to elevate the risk of obesity and related metabolic disturbances, but far less is known about its effects on cognition, learned behavior and mental health. Experimental findings in rodents indicate that increased sugar intake can induce cognitive impairment, most consistently in regard to memory functions. Studies examining the effects of an increase in dietary sugars on attention are lacking. The present study investigated the effects on visual attention of chronic high intake of sucrose and glucose in Wistar rats. Two groups of Wistar dams and their offspring were fed either a diet high in sugar, containing a high percentage of sucrose and glucose, or a standard sucrose/glucose diet. Attention was examined using a 3-choice-serial-reactiontime task. The present results demonstrated detrimental effects of high pre- and postnatal sugar consumption on visual attention in rats. The previously demonstrated memory impairments following increased sugar consumption may be mediated, at least partly, by attentional deficits. Future studies should investigate the translational relevance of these findings in humans, particularly in regard to mental disorders such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Emerging evidence suggests that the mechanisms underlying the behavioral impairments related to diets high in sugar and/or fat may include neuroinflammation, changes of the blood–brain barrier and altered levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The elucidation of these mechanisms requires further investigations.

scholarly journals Effects of High-Speed Rail on Sustainable Development of Urban Tourism: Evidence from Discrete Choice Model of Chinese Tourists’ Preference for City Destinations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10647
Author(s):  
Weiwei Zhang ◽  
Lingling Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Discrete Choice Model ◽  
Urban Tourism ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Diffusion Effect ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Factors Affecting

In China, the opening of high-speed rails (HSR) brings significant changes to the source-destination spatial distance, the accessibility of destinations, and the spatial structure of tourist flows in each region, exerting varied HSR effects on different types of cities. Against this backdrop, it is meaningful to deeply explore tourists’ preference for city destinations in the light of HSR effects. The exploration could contribute greatly to the planning, marketing, management, and sustainable development of urban tourism. This paper takes Xiangtan and Yueyang as typical cases of the diffusion effect and the corridor effect of HSR. Firstly, the factors affecting destination choice were identified, and the attribute levels were configured, forming multiple virtual alternatives. Next, questionnaire surveys were carried out to collect tourists’ selections between each pair of alternatives. Further, a discrete choice model was constructed to assign a weight to each factor, reflecting its importance to tourists’ decision-making regarding their destination selection and to disclose the law of tourists’ preferences for destinations. The results showed that (1) Under the HSR diffusion effect, the top three factors affecting tourists’ preference for destinations in Xiangtan are convenience, connection time, and popularity; under HSR corridor effect, the top three factors affecting the tourists’ preference for destinations in Yueyang are reputation, convenience, and leisure and reception facilities (LRFs). (2) The destination preference is closely associated with personal features like gender, income, occupation, and fellow travelers. Tourists with different personal features give different attention to the various influencing factors. The research findings provide a reference for the sustainable development of urban tourism.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document