scholarly journals Nature's role in sustaining economic development

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1537) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Partha Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Comprehensive Wealth ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Sub Saharan

In this paper, I formalize the idea of sustainable development in terms of intergenerational well-being. I then sketch an argument that has recently been put forward formally to demonstrate that intergenerational well-being increases over time if and only if a comprehensive measure of wealth per capita increases. The measure of wealth includes not only manufactured capital, knowledge and human capital (education and health), but also natural capital (e.g. ecosystems). I show that a country's comprehensive wealth per capita can decline even while gross domestic product (GDP) per capita increases and the UN Human Development Index records an improvement. I then use some rough and ready data from the world's poorest countries and regions to show that during the period 1970–2000 wealth per capita declined in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, even though the Human Development Index (HDI) showed an improvement everywhere and GDP per capita increased in all places (except in sub-Saharan Africa, where there was a slight decline). I conclude that, as none of the development indicators currently in use is able to reveal whether development has been, or is expected to be, sustainable, national statistical offices and international organizations should now routinely estimate the (comprehensive) wealth of nations.

Applicability of Human Development Index for Measuring Economic Well-being: A Study on GDP and HDI Indicators from Indian Context

2021 ◽  
pp. 001946622199862
Author(s):  
G G Sajith ◽  
K. Malathi
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Composite Matrix ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Development Indicator ◽  
Per Capita

The tracking of gross domestic product (GDP) as a measure of well-being of the society or human-being has been debated by many researchers and economists (Elizabeth, 2007; Abhinav, 2014; Deb, 2015 ) There are many deficiencies in tracking GDP as the economic development indicator, as it does not capture the inequality or true development of Human-being. Noted economist Mehbub ul Haq’s human development project defined a composite matrix which captures the life expectancy, education and per capita indicators in one matrix. This was developed to track as a development indicator of human welfare. In the previous studies, the GDP or GDP per capita was regressed with the Human Development Index (HDI) composite index and indicated a direct correlation between the two variables. However, this article examines the contribution of the income component in the HDI index by recalculating the composite matrix. This article also qualitatively examines the ability of HDI index to measure the human development parameters. JEL Classification Codes: E01, I12, O1

Living Standards in Sub–Saharan Africa: Current Situation and Stimulation of Growth

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
Anna Kachanova
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
International Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Sub Saharan

The paper discusses possible ways to overcome one of the most relevant global problems – poverty in the developing countries. The study is based on a component analysis of the Human Development Index as a quantitative indicator of living standards for the three poorest countries in Sub–Saharan Africa – Burkina Faso, Ghana and Cote d’Ivoire – with close economic, geographical and diplomatic ties. The standard of living in each of the three countries and its dependence on four groups of the most important factors (export and import levels, net current transfers from abroad, grants from the International Development Association etc.) are analyzed. The human development index is used in the study as an indicator that most fully reflects the actual situation in the state in terms of living conditions of the population and opportunities for development available to them. The analysis carried out in the article made it possible to reveal the strength and direction of the relationship between the standard of living in each of the countries (HDI) and the factors identified earlier. Particular interest in the article is given to the description and interpretation of the results, which at first glance seem paradoxical and impossible, but upon a more detailed examination acquire a certain meaning and high significance. Recommendations are given to improve the situation in each of the listed countries, taking into account their economic and social characteristics, problems and prospects. Particular attention is paid to identifying individual strategies that will allow each of the countries to qualitatively increase the standard of living of the population and will help accelerate the development of the national economy.

scholarly journals A thermoeconomic indicator for the sustainable development with social considerations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umberto Lucia ◽  
Debora Fino ◽  
Giulia Grisolia
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Thermodynamic Quantity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Agenda 21 ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Economic Considerations

AbstractThe United Nations action plan Agenda 21 has represented a milestone toward Sustainable Development. On its 40th Chapter, it is introduced the requirement to dispose of an accurate and continuous collection of information, essential for decision-making. Besides bridging the data gap and improving the information availability, it is highlighted the need to dispose of sustainable development indicators, in order to assess and monitor the performances of countries toward sustainability. In this paper, we develop an improvement of a new indicator, recently introduced linking environmental anthropic footprint and social and industrial targets. Here, we suggest a link with the Income Index, in order to consider also a condition of people well-being. Our results consists in an improvement of the present approaches to sustainability; indeed, we link the socio-economic considerations, quantified by the Income Index and the Human Development Index, to the engineering approach to optimization, introducing the thermodynamic quantity entropy generation, related to irreversibility. In this way, two different new indicators are introduced, the Thermodynamic Income Index and the Thermodynamic Human Development Index, which quantitatively express a new viewpoint, which goes beyond the dichotomy between socio-economic considerations on one hand and engineering and scientific approach to sustainability on the other one. So, the result leads to a unified tool useful for the designing of new policies and interventions for a sustainable development for the next generations.

scholarly journals The connenction between global innovation index and economic well-being indexes

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Szlobodan Vukoszavlyev
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Per Capita

We study the connection of innovation in 126 countries by different well-being indicators and whether there are differences among geographical regions with respect to innovation index score. We approach and define innovation based on Global Innovation Index (GII). The following well-being indicators were emphasized in the research: GDP per capita measured at purchasing power parity, unemployment rate, life expectancy, crude mortality rate, human development index (HDI). Innovation index score was downloaded from the joint publication of 2018 of Cornell University, INSEAD and WIPO, HDI from the website of the UN while we obtained other well-being indicators from the database of the World Bank. Non-parametric hypothesis testing, post-hoc tests and linear regression were used in the study.We concluded that there are differences among regions/continents based on GII. It is scarcely surprising that North America is the best performer followed by Europe (with significant differences among countries). Central and South Asia scored the next places with high standard deviation. The following regions with significant backwardness include North Africa, West Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean Area, Central and South Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. Regions lagging behind have lower standard deviation, that is, they are more homogeneous therefore there are no significant differences among countries in the particular region.In the regression modelling of the Global Innovation Index, it was concluded that GDP per capita, life expectancy and human development index are significant explanatory indicators. In the multivariable regression analysis, HDI remained the only explanatory variable in the final model. It is due to the fact that there was significant multicollinearity among the explanatory variables and the HDI aggregates several non-economic indicators like GII. JEL Classification: B41, I31, O31, Q55

scholarly journals Investimento na função desporto e lazer por níveis de índice de desenvolvimento humano

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Edmilson Santos dos Santos ◽  
Edson Hirata
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Constant Improvement

O desenvolvimento humano pleno implica na melhoria constante do bem-estar da população. Dentre as ações que impactam nele estão as atividades esportivas e o lazer. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo teve os seguintes objetivos: (a) verificar se os investimentos acumulados a partir de 2002 impactaram na melhoria do Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) de 2010; (b) verificar se o IDH de 2010 fez melhorar os investimentos na Função Desporto e Lazer per capita em 2011/2012, quando comparado com o resultado de 2002. A análise das médias e medianas permitiu concluir que: os investimentos acumulados não ajudam a explicar a melhora do IDH de 2010; o aumento no investimento per capita em 2011/2012 na Função Desporto e Lazer não pode ser justificado pela melhoria do IDH apresentado pelos municípios do Piauí. Nesse sentido, o IDH não é uma variável capaz de explicar os investimentos realizados nas políticas públicas de esporte e de lazer. ABSTRACT. Investment in the sport and leisure funtion by levels of the Human Development Index. A full human development implicates the constant improvement of population’s well-being. Among actions that affect this, are sports and leisure activities. In this manner, the present study established the following objectives: (a) verifying if cumulative investments since 2002 had an impact on the enhancing of Human Development Index (HDI) identified in the 2010 PNUD’s report; (b) verifying if the 2010 HDI has improved per capita investments in the Sport and Leisure Function (SLF) from 2011/2012, when compared to SLF from 2002. The analysis of averages and medians allowed us to conclude cumulative investments have not helped explaining the improvement in HDI from 2010; the raising in per capita investments in 2011/2012 in the SLF cannot be justified by the improvement presented by municipalities in Piauí regarding 2010 HDI. Thus, HDI is not a variable capable of explaining investments in public sports and leisure policies.

scholarly journals Part II. Analysis of data gaps pertaining toShigellainfections in low and medium human development index countries, 1984–2005

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. RAM ◽  
J. A. CRUMP ◽  
S. K. GUPTA ◽  
M. A. MILLER ◽  
E. D. MINTZ
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
English Language ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Global Epidemiology ◽  
Sub Saharan

SUMMARYThe global incidence ofShigellainfection has been estimated at 80–165 million episodes annually, with 99% of episodes occurring in the developing world. To identify contemporary gaps in the understanding of the global epidemiology of shigellosis, we conducted a review of the English-language scientific literature from 1984 to 2005, restricting the search to low and medium human development countries. Our review yielded 11 population-based studies ofShigellaburden from seven countries. No population-based studies have been conducted in sub-Saharan Africa or in low human development countries. In studies done in all age groups,Shigellaincidence varied from 0·6 to 107 episodes/1000 person-years.S. flexneriwas the most commonly detected subgroup in the majority of studies. Case-fatality rates ranged from 0% to 2·6% in population-based studies and from 0% to 21% in facility-based studies. This review highlights the large gaps in data on the burden ofShigellainfections for low human development index countries and, more specifically, for sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Multiple Dimensions of Human Development Index and Public Social Spending for Sustainable Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (204) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iana Paliova ◽  
Robert McNown ◽  
Grant Nülle
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Educational Spending ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Years Of Schooling

Multidimensional assessment of human development is increasingly recognized as playing an important role in assessing well-being. The focus of analysis is on the indicators measuring the three dimensions of Human Development Index (HDI) — standard of living, education and health, and their relationship with public social spending for achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The study estimates the effects of public social spending on gross national income (GNI) per capita (in PPP in $), expected years of schooling and life expectancy for a sample of 68 countries. The relationship is robust to controlling for a variety of factors and the estimated magnitudes suggest a positive long-run effect of public educational spending on GNI per capita, public educational spending on expected years of schooling, and public health expenditures on life expectancy.

scholarly journals Prostate cancer survival in sub-Saharan Africa by age, stage at diagnosis, and human development index: a population-based registry study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias P. Seraphin ◽  
Walburga Y. Joko-Fru ◽  
Shyam S. Manraj ◽  
Eric Chokunonga ◽  
Nontuthuzelo I. M. Somdyala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Stage At Diagnosis ◽  
Registry Study ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Objectives To estimate observed and relative survival of prostate cancer patients in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and to examine the influence of age, stage at diagnosis and the Human Development Index (HDI). Patients and methods In this comparative registry study, we selected a random sample of 1752 incident cases of malign prostatic neoplasm from 12 population-based cancer registries from 10 SSA countries, registered between 2005 and 2015. We analyzed the data using Kaplan-Meier and Ederer II methods to obtain outcome estimates and flexible Poisson regression modeling to calculate the excess hazards of death Results For the 1406 patients included in the survival analyses, 763 deaths occurred during 3614 person-years of observation. Of patients with known stage, 45.2% had stage IV disease, 31.2% stage III and only 23.6% stage I and II. The 1 and 5-year relative survival for the entire cohort was 78.0% (75.4–80.7) and 60.0% (55.7–64.6), while varying between the registries. Late presentation was associated with increased excess hazards and a 0.1 increase in the HDI was associated with a 20% lower excess hazard of death, while for age at diagnosis no association was found. Conclusions We found poor survival of SSA prostatic tumor patients, as well as high proportions of late stage presentation, which are associated with inferior outcome. This calls for investment in health-care systems and action regarding projects to raise awareness among the population to achieve earlier diagnosis and improve survival.

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