Impact of Agricultural Input Supply on Agricultural Growth in Nigeria

Improving the production capacity of agriculture in Nigeria through agricultural input supply is an important policy goal in a country where agriculture represents an important sector in the economy. The agricultural sector provides livelihood to a significant portion of Nigerian population, especially in rural areas, where poverty is more pronounced. Thus, a growing agricultural sector contributes to both overall growth and poverty alleviation. The study specifically examined the effects of agricultural input supply on agricultural growth in Nigeria from 1990 to 2017. The objective of this study is to examine agricultural input supply in Nigeria and its implications on the growth of agricultural growth in Nigeria. The study used time series data covering 1986-2016 obtained from FAOSTAT, World Development Indicator and Central Bank of Nigeria data base. This study utilized Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to investigate the variables. The finding of the study shows that there is co-integration between the variables. The result of the study shows that gross capital formation and Fertilizer supply to agriculture were significant in influencing agricultural growth in Nigeria with coefficient values of (-0.002468), and (0.001506), with P- values of (0.0222) and (0.0171) respectively. Given the robust nature of the result, it is evident that agricultural input supply contributes in great measure to agricultural growth in Nigeria. The study then conclude that agricultural input is essential for the growth of agricultural sector in Nigeria and recommend that given the lean resources available to government, attention should be given to the inputs that contributes significantly to the growth of the sector.

Impact of Agricultural Input Supply on Agricultural Growth in Nigeria

Improving the production capacity of agriculture in Nigeria through agricultural input supply is an important policy goal in a country where agriculture represents an important sector in the economy. The agricultural sector provides livelihood to a significant portion of Nigerian population, especially in rural areas, where poverty is more pronounced. Thus, a growing agricultural sector contributes to both overall growth and poverty alleviation. The study specifically examined the effects of agricultural input supply on agricultural growth in Nigeria from 1990 to 2017. The objective of this study is to examine agricultural input supply in Nigeria and its implications on the growth of agricultural growth in Nigeria. The study used time series data covering 1986-2016 obtained from FAOSTAT, World Development Indicator and Central Bank of Nigeria data base. This study utilized Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to investigate the variables. The finding of the study shows that there is co-integration between the variables. The result of the study shows that gross capital formation and Fertilizer supply to agriculture were significant in influencing agricultural growth in Nigeria with coefficient values of (-0.002468), and (0.001506), with P-values of (0.0222) and (0.0171) respectively. Given the robust nature of the result, it is evident that agricultural input supply contributes in great measure to agricultural growth in Nigeria. The study then conclude that agricultural input is essential for the growth of agricultural sector in Nigeria and recommend that given the lean resources available to government, attention should be given to the inputs that contributes significantly to the growth of the sector.

Geographical Distribution of Zebu Breeds in Brazil And Their Relationship With Environmental Variables and Human Development Indicator

The aim of this study was to evaluate the geographical distribution of zebu breeds in Brazil and correlate their occurrence with environmental variables and human development indicator. The herds of purebred zebu cattle in Brazil were classified as beef breeds (Brahman, Polled Brahman, Nelore, Polled Nelore and Tabapuã), dairy breeds (Gir and Polled Gir), and dual-purpose breeds (Guzerá, Indubrasil, Polled Indubrasil, Sindhi and Polled Sindhi), all breeds being spatialized in ArcGIS program. Variables examined included environmental and human development indicator. The statistical analysis included analysis and logistic regression.The lower distribution of zebu cattle in the states of Northeast compared to other locations is probably due to its extreme climate, highly susceptible to long periods of high temperatures and lower precipitation, which directly affects local livestock. The beef breeds were evenly spread throughout the country. The location occupied for beef breeds was influenced by environmental variables, showing a higher incidence with increased precipitation, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), temperature, relative humidity and temperature humidity index (THI), as well as establishments without family agriculture and rivers and streams with forest protection. The location used for dual-purpose and dairy breeds was influenced by areas with cultivated cutting forages, areas with integrated crop-livestock forest systems and areas with rotational grazing system, indicating a higher occupation in fertile lands. The Gir breed, the only one with dairy exploration in this study, showed herds in establishments with family agriculture, characterized by small to medium farms, and in regions with higher altitude.

Assessing the Sustainable Development of Micro-Hydro Power Plants in an Isolated Traditional Village West Java, Indonesia

The sustainable development of micro-hydropower (MHP) plants is a challenge for rural electrification in developing countries, especially in Indonesia, which has diverse ethnic groups, cultures, and traditions in several isolated locations due to its complex terrain. The uniqueness of a social situation in a location can affect the sustainable electrification development. This study aimed to assess the sustainable development of MHP plants in the Kasepuhan Ciptagelar, which has unique traditions and cultural characteristics. The assessment was conducted using the sustainable development indicator (SDI) method, the Ilskog method, which can include social, economic, environmental, technical, and institutional dimensions. Data were collected through field investigations and qualitative dialogs to understand the culture and ways of thinking. The results of the Ilskog method analysis revealed that the environmental dimensions had the highest scores, whereas economic dimensions had the lowest scores, indicating that the cultural background of the Kasepuhan Ciptagelar impacted the SDI scores. This was attributable to the decision of Kasepuhan’s traditional leader, which strengthened the community commitment to renewable energy use. However, the cultural background adversely impacted monetary income to sustain MHP plants. This study proposed that community innovation and microcredit availability could improve productive activities, resulting in better economic conditions to sustain MHP plants.

The convergence of financial sector in Asia

This study aims to identify the convergence of financial sector development and the effect of macroeconomic variables on each financial sector development indicator in Asia. The sample used consists of 24 countries in Asia during the period 2010-2018. Identification of convergence using ?-convergence absolute and conditional. Indicators are used to represent the development of the financial sector namely private credit, liquid liabilities, stock market capitalization, and stock market turnover. Empirical evidence was based on the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) estimation technique. The results showed that there was convergence in Asia and that macroeconomic variables had a significant effect on the development of the financial sector.

IMPACT OF EXTERNAL DEBT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA

Following the rising spate of the debt profile of Nigeria and the fluctuating trend in her macroeconomic indicators, this study critically examined the impact of external debt on economic growth in Nigeria in the period, 1985 to 2019 by examining the causality between external debt stock and economic growth in Nigeria and identify the impact of external debt servicing on economic growth in Nigeria. The study employed the Harrod-Domar theory of economic growth and the Two-Gap model as theoretical framework to explain the impact of external debt on economic growth in Nigeria. The study made use of secondary data sourced from World Development Indicator 2019. Ordinary least square (OLS) technique was adopted for the regression analysis. The data were analyzed with the aid of e-view software (9th edition). The result showed that external debt has negative and insignificant impact on economic growth in Nigeria. Therefore, the study recommended the use of tax revenue to finance public deficit, encouragement of foreign direct investment and domestic investment through improvement in infrastructural facilities and an enabling environment devoid of political and economic instability. JEL: E32, E41, F33, F34, F43 <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0892/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Impact of Socio-Economic Development on Sustainable Business Development Among Small and Medium Scale Businesses in Nigeria

This study is undertaken to investigate the impact of socio-economic development on sustainable business development among small and medium scale business in Nigeria. The significance of socio-economic development in achieving sustainable business development among small and medium scale business, especially in a developing country like Nigeria, cannot be over-emphasized. This study employed a survey research design as data were elicited from the respondents who agreed to fill out the questionnaires. In this study, several socio-economic development indicator variables such as Self-reliance in Development, Policy Delivery Mechanism, and Access to Health Facilities were employed among others. The findings elicited from this study revealed that socio-economic development recorded a positive impact on sustainable business development among small and medium scale business in Nigeria.

Financial sector transparency and bank interest margins: do quality of political and financial regulatory institutions matter?

Purpose This study aims to examine the effect of private (PRST) and public (PUST) sector-led financial sector transparencies on bank interest margins (BIM) termed as social cost of financial intermediation in different institutional quality setups. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a two-step dynamic generalized method of moments panel data and bootstrapped quantile models with 91 economies between 2004 and 2016. Data is sourced from World Development Indicator and Global Development Finance databases. Findings The results show that under strong and weak political and financial regulatory institutional setups, the reducing effect of PRST on BIM are observed and reported while the full sample reports no significant nexus between PRST and PUST on BIM. Furthermore, under political institutional quality sample, economies with strong corruption control and regulatory quality are able to reinforce the dampening effect of PRST on BIM while under the same political institutional quality sample, economies with weak rule of law are able to heighten the reducing effect of PRST on BIM. Moreover, under financial regulator institutional quality sample, economies with strong overall weighted and unweighted, chief executive officer and policy dependent central banks are able to intensify the diminishing effect of PRST on BIM while under the same financial regulator institutional quality sample, economies with weak limits on lending are able to amplify the reducing effect of PRST on BIM. However, PUST is reported to propel lower levels BIM in the bootstrap models, especially in strong institutional economies. Practical implications These findings imply that policymakers may rely on PRST to reduce BIM, especially under financial regulatory institutional quality. Additionally, economies must be careful on their reliance on PRST because the effectiveness of PRST to tame high BIM is dependent on the strength of political and financial regulatory institutions. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study presents first time international evidence on the effect of private and public sector-led financial transparency on BIM in strong and weak political and financial regulatory institution economies.

Modeling Trade–Employment Elasticity Nexus: Evidence from India

The effect of trade on employment growth in India is a less-discussed issue in the international economics literature. Trade has increased the employment growth in India or not is still a debatable issue for many researchers. This study explores the impact of trade on India’s employment elasticity of growth using World development Indicator data of the World Bank and KLEMS database of India from 1982 to 2016. For this purpose, it has used the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model of cointegration. The result indicates that although the share of trade in the national gross domestic product (GDP) has grown, it has failed to increase employment elasticity in the country. It may occur primarily because of the high volume of Indian imports. The share of the service sector in GDP, inflation, and foreign direct investment (FDI) are other vital factors influencing the employment intensity. Therefore, based on the empirical findings, it is suggested that policymakers should focus more on export, specifically on labor-intensive export. It will undoubtedly help to improve the employment level in the country.