scholarly journals Phylogenetic diversity meets conservation policy: small areas are key to preserving eucalypt lineages

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1662) ◽  
pp. 20140007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J. Pollock ◽  
Dan F. Rosauer ◽  
Andrew H. Thornhill ◽  
Heini Kujala ◽  
Michael D. Crisp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Conservation Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Recent Policy ◽  
Evolutionary Lineages ◽  
State Area ◽  
Regional Conservation

Evolutionary and genetic knowledge is increasingly being valued in conservation theory, but is rarely considered in conservation planning and policy. Here, we integrate phylogenetic diversity (PD) with spatial reserve prioritization to evaluate how well the existing reserve system in Victoria, Australia captures the evolutionary lineages of eucalypts, which dominate forest canopies across the state. Forty-three per cent of remaining native woody vegetation in Victoria is located in protected areas (mostly national parks) representing 48% of the extant PD found in the state. A modest expansion in protected areas of 5% (less than 1% of the state area) would increase protected PD by 33% over current levels. In a recent policy change, portions of the national parks were opened for development. These tourism development zones hold over half the PD found in national parks with some species and clades falling entirely outside of protected zones within the national parks. This approach of using PD in spatial prioritization could be extended to any clade or area that has spatial and phylogenetic data. Our results demonstrate the relevance of PD to regional conservation policy by highlighting that small but strategically located areas disproportionally impact the preservation of evolutionary lineages.

scholarly journals Iberian Protected Areas Capture Regional Functional, Phylogenetic and Taxonomic Diversity of Most Tetrapod Groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Llorente-Culebras ◽  
Rafael Molina-Venegas ◽  
A. Márcia Barbosa ◽  
Silvia B. Carvalho ◽  
Miguel Á. Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Habitat Specificity ◽  
Functional And Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Species Roles

Protected areas (PAs) have been created with the purpose of preserving biodiversity, acting as refuges from anthropogenic pressures. Traditionally, PAs have been designed and managed to represent mainly taxonomic diversity, ignoring other diversity facets such as its functional and phylogenetic components. Yet, functional and phylogenetic diversity are, respectively, connected with species’ roles on ecosystems and evolutionary history held within communities. Here, we focused on the amphibian, reptile, resident breeding bird, and non-flying mammal faunas of the national and natural parks of the Iberian Peninsula, to evaluate whether these PAs are adequately representing regional functional, phylogenetic, and taxonomic diversity of each group. Specifically, we computed functional and phylogenetic diversity within each PA, and then compared those values to the ones obtained from a random assembly of species from the regional pool, that was defined as the region encompassing the PA and a neighboring area of 50 km beyond its boundary. We also calculated the proportion of species in each regional pool that were present within the PAs. In general, the functional and phylogenetic diversity of amphibians, reptiles and non-flying mammals found within PAs did not differ significantly from random expectations generated from the species pertaining to the regional pool, although a few PAs showed a higher diversity. In contrast, resident breeding birds presented lower functional and phylogenetic diversity than expected by chance in many of the PAs, which could relate to climatic variables and the habitat specificity of some species. The proportion of species from the regional pools that are present in the PAs was high for amphibians, reptiles and mammals, and slightly lower for birds. These results suggest that the Iberian natural and national parks are effectively capturing the functional, phylogenetic and taxonomic diversity of most tetrapod assemblages present at the regional level. Future studies should identify priority areas to expand the representation of these biodiversity components, and assess potential effects of climate and land-use changes on current patterns.

scholarly journals A comprehensive checklist of endemic flora of Meghalaya, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 14527-14561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aabid Hussain Mir ◽  
Krishna Upadhaya ◽  
Dilip Kumar Roy ◽  
Chaya Deori ◽  
Bikarma Singh
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
The State ◽  
Eastern Himalaya ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Endemic Flora ◽  
Small Forest

The geographical distribution of plants of Meghalaya show that a total of 548 plant taxa belonging to 302 genera and 100 families are endemic to northeastern India or Indo-Burma or the eastern Himalaya region.  Of these, 115 species are exclusively endemic to the state of Meghalaya.  The dominant life form is epiphytes (25.4%), followed by trees (25%), shrubs (21.7%), herbs (21%), climbers (6.6%) and parasites (0.4%).  In terms of species richness, Orchidaceae is the largest family with 146 species and Bulbophyllum is the dominant genera represented by 15 species.  The present investigation reveals that most species considered endemic to the state of Meghalaya has extended geographic distribution to neighbouring states and other countries.  Majority of the endemic taxa are restricted to protected areas such as national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, conservation reserves, and small forest patches preserved in the form of community forests or sacred groves.  Lesser known species with small populations outside the protected areas are on the verge of extinction due to a number of anthropogenic activities, hence warranting immediate conservation measures.  

scholarly journals Flora of Espírito Santo: Psidium (Myrtaceae)

Rodriguésia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1791-1805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amélia C. Tuler ◽  
Tatiana T. Carrijo ◽  
Márcia F.S. Ferreria ◽  
Ariane L. Peixoto
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Agricultural Expansion ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Lowland Forests ◽  
Atlantic Rainforest Biome ◽  
Espirito Santo

Abstract This study presents a floristic-taxonomic treatment of Psidium in the state of Espírito Santo, and is a result of fieldwork combined with analyses of herbarium specimens. Fourteen species of the genus were recognized in Espírito Santo state (P. brownianum, P. cattleianum, P. cauliflorum, P. guajava, P. guineense, P. longipetiolatum, P. myrtoides, P. oblongatum, P. oligospermum, P. ovale, P. rhombeum, P. rufum P. sartorianum, and Psidium sp.), accounting for about 34% of the species richness estimated for the genus in the Atlantic Rainforest biome. The species occur predominantly in lowland forests up to 700 meters above sea level. These areas are highly threatened due to urbanization of coastal areas and agricultural expansion in the state Espírito Santo. Therefore, the conservation of Psidium species in this state requires the creation of more lowland protected areas.

scholarly journals Regionally extinct species rediscovered: the bush dog Speothos venaticus in Minas Gerais, south-eastern Brazil

Oryx ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Braga Ferreira ◽  
Marcelo Juliano Rabelo Oliveira ◽  
Rogério Cunha de Paula ◽  
Flávio Henrique Guimarães Rodrigues ◽  
Érica Daniele Cunha Carmo
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The State ◽  
South American ◽  
North West ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The North ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Bush Dog ◽  
Speothos Venaticus

AbstractThe bush dog Speothos venaticus, a rare Near Threatened South American canid that lives in packs, was thought to be extinct in Minas Gerais state, south-eastern Brazil, until recently. Here, we report four recent records of the species in Minas Gerais, the first in the state since the description of the species in 1842. All records are from the Cerrado ecosystem in the north and north-west of the state; two are from animals found dead, one from footprints and another from a camera trap. Three of the records were inside or close (< 10 km) to strict protected areas, in a region recognized as the Protected Areas Mosaic Sertão Veredas–Peruaçu, where we expect any new records of the bush dog to be found. We discuss the low probability of detecting the bush dog and the main regional threats to the species, and emphasize the need to protect large and interconnected natural areas and keep them free of domestic dogs to avoid the extinction of the bush dog in Minas Gerais.

scholarly journals Protected area management in a post-natural world: negotiated governance at the Danish Wadden Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cormac Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Protected Area Management ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Large Protected Areas ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractNational parks and other large protected areas play an increasingly important role in the context of global social and environmental challenges. Nevertheless, they continue to be rooted in local places and cannot be separated out from their socio-cultural and historical context. Protected areas furthermore are increasingly understood to constitute critical sites of struggle whereby the very meanings of nature, landscape, and nature-society relations are up for debate. This paper examines governance arrangements and discursive practices pertaining to the management of the Danish Wadden Sea National Park and reflects on the relationship between pluralist institutional structures and pluralist, relational understandings of nature and landscape.

National Parks, Protected Areas, and Wildlife Sanctuaries

2018 ◽  
pp. 17-63
Author(s):  
Ugyen Tshewang ◽  
Jane Gray Morrison ◽  
Michael Charles Tobias
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks

scholarly journals A strategic framework for biodiversity monitoring in South African National Parks

Koedoe ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melodie A. McGeoch ◽  
Mbulelo Dopolo ◽  
Peter Novellie ◽  
Howard Hendriks ◽  
Stefanie Freitag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
South African ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Biodiversity Monitoring ◽  
Management Philosophy ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Strategic Direction ◽  
Internal Pressures

Protected areas are under increasing threat from a range of external and internal pressures on biodiversity. With a primary mandate being the conservation of biodiversity, monitoring is an essential component of measuring the performance of protected areas. Here we present a framework for guiding the structure and development of a Biodiversity Monitoring System (BMS) for South African National Parks (SANParks). Monitoring activities in the organisation are currently unevenly distributed across parks, taxa and key concerns: they do not address the full array of biodiversity objectives, and have largely evolved in the absence of a coherent, overarching framework. The requirement for biodiversity monitoring in national parks is clearly specified in national legislation and international policy, as well as by SANParks’ own adaptive management philosophy. Several approaches available for categorising the multitude of monitoring requirements were considered in the development of the BMS, and 10 Biodiversity Monitoring Programmes (BMPs) were selected that provide broad coverage of higher-level biodiversity objectives of parks. A set of principles was adopted to guide the development of BMPs (currently underway), and data management, resource and capacity needs will be considered during their development. It is envisaged that the BMS will provide strategic direction for future investment in this core component of biodiversity conservation and management in SANParks. Conservation implications: Monitoring biodiversity in protected areas is essential to assessing their performance. Here we provide a coordinated framework for biodiversity monitoring in South African National Parks. The proposed biodiversity monitoring system addresses the broad range of park management plan derived biodiversity objectives.

scholarly journals Research to guide management of outdoor recreation and tourism in parks and protected areas

Koedoe ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Management By Objectives ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Parks And Protected Areas ◽  
Recreation And Tourism

A framework for managing outdoor recreation and tourism in parks and protected areas was presented in this article. This management-by-objectives framework includes, (1) formulating indicators and standards of quality, (2) monitoring indicators of quality and (3) implementing management actions designed to maintain standards of quality. This management framework can be used to help balance the demand for outdoor recreation and tourism and the need to protect park resources and the quality of the visitor experience. A programme of research to help guide application of this management framework was described and illustrated. This research is part of a growing body of scientific and professional literature on outdoor recreation and tourism that can be used to build the capacity of park and protected area management agencies. Conservation implications: The management framework described in this article, and the associated programme of research, can be used by conservation practitioners to balance use and protection of national parks and protected areas.

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